Smoking Is a Risk Factor for Pahcychoroid-related Disorders in Asian Patients: a Case Control Study

Abstract BackgroundCigarette smoking has been reported as a risk factor for the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). However, the associations between cigarette smoking and subtypes of drusen and nAMD were incomplete, as it lacked consideration of pachydrusen or no significant drusen. Therefore, this study intended to reveal the associations between cigarette smoking and subtypes of drusen and nAMD.PurposeTo evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking and subtypes of drusen and nAMD in an Asian population.MethodsThis retrospective case-control study included 189 eyes in 189 patients with treatment-naïve nAMD, including typical AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and type 3 neovascularization. The patients were stratified into never-, former-, and current-smoker groups, and drusen subtypes, including no significant drusen, soft drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), and pachydrusen, were analyzed in each group.ResultsThe proportions of no significant drusen and pachydrusen in the fellow eyes were significantly higher in the former- and current-smoker groups (P = 0.016 and P < 0.001), respectively. There was a significantly higher proportion of PCV in the affected eyes in the current-smoker group (P = 0.041). The proportions of SDDs in the fellow eyes and type 3 neovascularization in the affected eyes were significantly higher in the never-smoker group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.037), respectively.ConclusionEver smokers (former and current smokers) had significantly higher proportions of pachychoroid-related disorders, including no significant drusen, pachydrusen, and PCV, than nonsmokers. Thus, cigarette smoking could be a risk factor for the development of pachychoroid-dependent abnormalities.

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Occupation, smoking, opium, and bladder cancer: A case–control study

South Asian Journal of Cancer ◽

10.4103/2278-330x.173174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tayeb Ghadimi ◽

Bahman Gheitasi ◽

Sayran Nili ◽

Mohammad Karimi ◽

Ebrahim Ghaderi

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Control Group ◽

Occupational Risk Factors ◽

Opium Abuse ◽

Control Study

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate occupational risk factors associated with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, control group included patients who referred to a specialized clinic in the same city and hospitals where patients had been registered. Data were entered into SPSS software. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for occupational variables and other characteristics. Then, using logistic regression, the association between cancer and drugs was studied while smoking was controlled. Results: Cigarette smoking, even after quitting, was also associated with bladder cancer (OR = 2.549). Considering the classification of occupations, the OR of working in metal industry in patients was 10.629. Multivariate analysis showed that use of the drug by itself can be a risk factor for bladder cancer. Drug abuse together with the control of smoking increased the risk of bladder cancer by 4.959. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, contact with metal industries such as welding, and working with tin was found as a risk factor for bladder cancer. In addition, cigarette smoking and opium abuse individually were associated with bladder cancer.

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Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Chronic Pancreatitis: A Case-Control Study in Japan

Pancreas ◽

10.1097/00006676-200008000-00001 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 109-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Yingsong Lin ◽

Akiko Tamakoshi ◽

Tetsuo Hayakawa ◽

Michio Ogawa ◽

Yoshiyuki Ohno

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Thyroid dysfunction as a modifiable risk factor for wet type age-related macular degeneration: A case–control study

Journal of Current Ophthalmology ◽

10.4103/joco.joco_174_20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Mohammadkarim Johari ◽

Mohsen Farvardin ◽

SeyedEsmaeil Mousavi ◽

Kamran Zare ◽

Somaye Bazdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Modifiable Risk Factor ◽

Age Related ◽

Control Study

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Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case-Control Study

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000502129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 236 (3) ◽

pp. 228-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liesbeth Sondermeijer ◽

Lieke G.E. Lamboo ◽

Anne C. de Waal ◽

Tessel E. Galesloot ◽

Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemeney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Current Smoker ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Melanoma Risk ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Strong Inverse Association ◽

Control Study

Objective: Previous studies regarding cigarette smoking causing a lower risk of melanoma are inconclusive. Here, we re-examined melanoma risk in relation to cigarette smoking in a large, case-control study. Methods: In total 1,157 patients with melanoma diagnosed between 2003 and 2011 in the Netherlands and 5,595 controls from the Nijmegen Biomedical Study were included. Information concerning smoking habits and known risk factors for melanoma were obtained through self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses stratified by gender were performed to study the risk of cigarette smoking on melanoma risk, adjusted for age, marital status, highest level of education, skin type, sun vacation, use of solarium, time spent outdoors, and sun protective measures. Results: Among men, current and former smokers did not have a higher risk of melanoma compared to never smokers: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.79) and adjusted OR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.39–0.64), respectively. With an increasing number of years smoked the risk of melanoma decreased: <20 years: OR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.46–0.80); 21–40 years: OR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.37–0.68); >40 years: OR = 0.26 (95% CI: 0.15–0.44). No clear trend was found for the number of cigarettes smoked. Results for females were less clear and not statistically significant (current smoker: adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.74–1.26, former smoker: adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73–1.08). Conclusion: This study shows a strong inverse association between cigarette smoking and melanoma risk in men. Fundamental laboratory research is necessary to investigate the biological relation between smoking cigarettes and melanoma.

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