scholarly journals The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on BMI in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Nasir ◽  
Robin High ◽  
Laeth Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Percentile Point

Abstract Background:The COVID-19 pandemic created circumstances with the potential to increase rates of overweight and obesity. We aimed to assess whether there were significant increases in BMI among a sample of children and adolescents during the year 2020compared to the two years prior to the pandemic. Methods:For this retrospective cohort study, data was obtained from the electronic medical records of 8398 children 3-17 years of age who attended3 consecutive well visits between June 1 and October 31 in 2018, 2019 and 2020 in a single center in the Midwest. Generalized linear mixed models were used to calculate the differences in average BMI and obesityrates over the three years.Results:Between 2019 and 2020, the mean BMI for the whole sample increased 3.2 percentile points (from the 70·5th to the 73·7th percentile; p<0·001)compared to an increase of 0.8 percentile point between 2018 and 2019 (p=0·008). The proportion of children and adolescents with obesity rose from 13% in 2019 to 15·2% in 2020 (p<0·001) compared to no significant increasefrom 2018 to 2019. Significant disparities in BMI were observed between socioeconomic and ethnic groups.ConclusionsSignificant increases in BMI and obesity rates occurred in 2020 in this sample. We propose that the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic contributed significantly to these increases.

scholarly journals General versus regional anaesthesia for caesarean section indicated for acute foetal distress: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junette Arlette Mbengono Metogo ◽  
Theophile Njamen Nana ◽  
Brian Ajong Ngongheh ◽  
Emelinda Berinyuy Nyuydzefon ◽  
Christoph Akazong Adjahoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Foetal Distress

Abstract Background Acute foetal distress (AFD) is a life-threatening foetal condition complicating 2% of all pregnancies and accounting for 8.9% of caesarean sections (CS) especially in developing nations. Despite the severity of the problem, no evidence exists as to the safest anaesthetic technique for the mother and foetus couple undergoing CS for AFD. We aimed to compare general anaesthesia (GA) versus regional (spinal and epidural) anaesthesia in terms of their perioperative maternal and foetal outcomes. Methods We carried out a retrospective cohort study by reviewing the medical records of all women who underwent CS indicated for AFD between 2015 to 2018 at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. Medical records of neonates were also reviewed. We sought to investigate the association between GA, and regional anaesthesia administered during CS for AFD and foetal and maternal outcomes. The threshold of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results We enrolled the medical records of 117 pregnant women who underwent CS indicated for AFD. Their mean age and mean gestational age were 30.5 ± 4.8 years and 40 weeks respectively. Eighty-three (70.9%), 29 (24.8%) and 05 (4.3%) pregnant women underwent CS under SA, GA and EA respectively. Neonates delivered by CS under GA were more likely to have a significantly low APGAR score at both the 1st (RR = 1.93, p = 0.014) and third-minute (RR = 2.52, p = 0.012) and to be resuscitated at birth (RR = 2.15, p = 0.015). Past CS, FHR pattern on CTG didn’t affect these results in multivariate analysis. Adverse maternal outcomes are shown to be higher following SA when compared to GA. Conclusion The study infers an association between CS performed for AFD under GA and foetal morbidity. This, however, failed to translate into a difference in perinatal mortality when comparing GA vs RA. This finding does not discount the role of GA, but we emphasize the need for specific precautions like adequate anticipation for neonatal resuscitation to reduce neonatal complications associated with CS performed for AFD under GA.

scholarly journals Comparison of two methods to estimate adverse events in the IBEAS Study (Ibero-American study of adverse events): cross-sectional versus retrospective cohort design

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Maria Aranaz Andrés ◽  
Ramon Limón Ramírez ◽  
Carlos Aibar Remón ◽  
Maria Teresa Gea-Velázquez de Castro ◽  
Francisco Bolúmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Cohort Study Design

BackgroundAdverse events (AEs) epidemiology is the first step to improve practice in the healthcare system. Usually, the preferred method used to estimate the magnitude of the problem is the retrospective cohort study design, with retrospective reviews of the medical records. However this data collection involves a sophisticated sampling plan, and a process of intensive review of sometimes very heavy and complex medical records. Cross-sectional survey is also a valid and feasible methodology to study AEs.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare AEs detection using two different methodologies: cross-sectional versus retrospective cohort design.SettingSecondary and tertiary hospitals in five countries: Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Peru.ParticipantsThe IBEAS Study is a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 11 379 patients. The retrospective cohort study was obtained from a 10% random sample proportional to hospital size from the entire IBEAS Study population.MethodsThis study compares the 1-day prevalence of the AEs obtained in the IBEAS Study with the incidence obtained through the retrospective cohort study.ResultsThe prevalence of patients with AEs was 10.47% (95% CI 9.90 to 11.03) (1191/11 379), while the cumulative incidence of the retrospective cohort study was 19.76% (95% CI 17.35% to 22.17%) (215/1088). In both studies the highest risk of suffering AEs was seen in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Comorbid patients and patients with medical devices showed higher risk.ConclusionThe retrospective cohort design, although requires more resources, allows to detect more AEs than the cross-sectional design.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from three hospitals in Peru: a retrospective cohort study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Cristian Díaz-Vélez ◽  
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor ◽  
Anthony Romero-Cerdán ◽  
Eric Ricardo Peña-Sánchez ◽  
Jorge Luis Fernández Mogollon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Mean

Background: Peru was one of the countries with the highest COVID-19 mortality worldwide during the first stage of the pandemic. It is then relevant to evaluate the risk factors for mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in three hospitals in Peru in 2020, from March to May, 2020.  Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study. The population consisted of patients from three Peruvian hospitals hospitalized for a diagnosis of COVID-19 during the March-May 2020 period. Independent sociodemographic variables, medical history, symptoms, vital functions, laboratory parameters and medical treatment were evaluated. In-hospital mortality was assessed as the outcome. We performed Cox regression models (crude and adjusted) to evaluate risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.  Results: We analyzed 493 hospitalized adults; 72.8% (n=359) were male and the mean age was 63.3 ± 14.4 years. COVID-19 symptoms appeared on average 7.9 ± 4.0 days before admission to the hospital, and the mean oxygen saturation on admission was 82.6 ± 13.8. While 67.6% (n=333) required intensive care unit admission, only 3.3% (n=16) were admitted to this unit, and 60.2% (n=297) of the sample died. In the adjusted regression analysis, it was found that being 60 years old or older (HR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.14-2.15), having two or more comorbidities (HR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.10-2.14), oxygen saturation between 85-80% (HR=2.52; 95% CI: 1.58-4.02), less than 80% (HR=4.59; 95% CI: 3.01-7.00), and being in the middle (HR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.15-2.39) and higher tertile (HR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.51-3.15) of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, increased the risk of mortality.  Conclusions: The risk factors found agree with what has been described in the literature and allow the identification of vulnerable groups in whom monitoring and early identification of symptoms should be prioritized in order to reduce mortality.

Evaluation of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine within the Truven MarketScan database: a retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Meyers ◽  
Himanshu P. Upadhyaya ◽  
Robert Goodloe ◽  
Ludmila A. Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
Marie A. Liles-Burden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort

Blepharochalasis:Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics, Surgical Strategy and Prognosis-- A Retrospective Cohort Study with 93 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinqiong Zhou ◽  
Jingwen Ding ◽  
dongmei li
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Surgical Strategy ◽  
Lacrimal Gland Prolapse ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Blepharochalasis is a rare eyelid disorder but eventually leading to destructive eyelid deformation. Until now the clinical and epidemiological data is unavailable. This study aimed o report the manifestations, epidemiological characteristics and surgical strategy of a large series of blepharochalasis patients with long-term follow up, the prognosis of different clinical deformities was also investigated. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, included consecutive patients diagnosed with blepharochalasis in a single center. Blepharoplasty and other surgical approaches were scheduled according to the various manifestations, after a 2-year quiescent period with no recurrent attacks and exacerbation of lesions. Prognosis after surgery was recorded.Results: A total of 93 patients, with a mean follow-up of 5.29±2.07 (range: 3-10) years before surgery, and 2(range:1-4) years follow-up after surgery were included. Of all those 93 patients, 72.04% were females (67, P=0.02 ). The mean age of onset of blepharochalasis symptoms was 10.09±3.32 (range: 5-16) years, mostly (83.87%) consisted with the onset of the puberty. With the average of 5 times per year, the mean duration of each acute attack was 28.12±1.01 (rang: 2-192)hours. The mean duration from the onset of acute attack to the quiescent stage lasted for 7.33 ± 2.05 (range: 4-10) years. Most of the cases (88, 94.62%) had more than one manifestation at the end of the last follow-up before surgery. Ptosis (48.39%) was the most common deformity. Followed by lacrimal gland prolapse (44.09%), canthal angle deformity(29.04%), lower eyelid retraction(17.20%). After surgery, the functional and cosmetically acceptable results were achieved in all patients except for overcorrection in 5 (11.90%) patients with ptosis. The lacrimal gland prolapse recurred in two (4.00%) patients at 29 and 36 months after surgery. Conclusions: Blepharochalasis is rare but mostly occurred in adolescent females. The process from the onset to the stable stage usually lasted for about 7 years, might be associated with the onset of puberty. Surgical management of clinical manifestations after at least 2-year follow-up period of quiescence would be appropriate in order to observe a great plastic effect, low overcorrection and recurrence rate.

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