scholarly journals Household Impacts of Interruption To Electric Power And Water Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Stock ◽  
Rachel A. Davidson ◽  
James Kendra ◽  
V. Nuno Martins ◽  
Bradley Ewing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Service Interruptions ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Critical infrastructure systems derive their importance from the societal needs they help meet. Yet the relationship between infrastructure system functioning and societal functioning is not well-understood, nor are the impacts of infrastructure system disruptions on consumers. We develop two empirical measures of societal impacts—willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid service interruptions and a constructed scale of unhappiness, compare them to each other and others from the literature, and use them to examine household impacts of service interruptions. Focusing on household-level societal impacts of electric power and water service interruptions, we use survey-based data from Los Angeles County, USA to fit a random effects within-between model of WTP and an ordinal logit with mixed effects to predict unhappiness, both as a function of infrastructure type, outage duration, and household attributes. Results suggest household impact increases nonlinearly with outage duration, and the impact of electric power disruptions are greater than water supply disruptions. Unhappiness is better able to distinguish the effects of shorter-duration outages than WTP is. Some people experience at least some duration of outage without negative impact. Increased household impact was also associated with using electricity for medical devices or water for work or business, perceived likelihood of an emergency, worry about an emergency, past negative experiences with emergencies, lower level of preparation, less connection to the neighborhood, higher income, being married, being younger, having pets, and having someone with a medical condition in the house. Financial, time/effort, health, and stress concerns all substantially influence the stated level of unhappiness.

Performance of lifelines during the 1994 Northridge earthquake

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Lau ◽  
Alex Tang ◽  
Jean-Robert Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Lifeline Systems ◽  
Earthquake Damages ◽  
The Impact

Lifelines are essential infrastructures and facilities that are considered vital to the rescue effort and recovery of the affected community in the event of a natural disaster or emergency. The lifeline systems in a densely populated area, such as the Los Angeles basin, are very complex. The Northridge earthquake, which occurred in southern California on January 17, 1994, caused extensive damage to many of these lifeline facilities in the epicentral area. Effects of the damages were felt not only in the vicinity area of the earthquake but also in areas far from the earthquake site. This paper describes the earthquake damage to and performance of gas and water distribution and electric power and telecommunication systems. The impact of these failures on the overall system performance are presented. The significance and effect of the interdependency of life systems in an integrated urban environment are discussed. Lessons learned on system performance, seismic risk, and reliability of lifeline systems from the Canadian perspective are presented. Key words: earthquake damages, electric power, gas, lifelines, performance, risk, telecommunication, water.

Impact of Climate Change on Rural Livelihood: A Case Study of Central Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Soz ◽  
Dhananjay Mankar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The People ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is already bringing tremendous influence on people’s lives, particularly the underprivileged. It’s already visible in a variety of ways. In recent decades, Asia and the Pacific have seen consistent warming trends as well as more frequent and powerful extreme weather events such as droughts, cyclones, floods, and hailstorms. This study was done in Ajmer District of Rajasthan, to find out the climate variation in the last 10 years. The study describes the effects due to climate change on the livelihoods of the people, so a descriptive research design was used for the study to find out the impact of climate change on rural livelihood in central Rajasthan. The study is based on a large representative of sample, quantitative data was collected to gain an idea of the impact on the livelihoods due to climate change at the household level. It shows the negative impact of climate change on rural livelihood which forced the people to change their livelihood directly or indirectly. It was found that climate change had an impact on people’s lives and people do understand the variation in climate change in terms of changes in the weather, unseasonal rain, and drought.

scholarly journals Land tenure security and technical efficiency: new insights from a case study in Northwest China

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlei Ma ◽  
Nico Heerink ◽  
Shuyi Feng ◽  
Xiaoping Shi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
The Impact

AbstractImproving technical efficiency in agriculture can play an important role in meeting present and future demands for agricultural products, at the same time enhancing the long-term sustainability of land and water use. This paper examines the impact of household perceptions of land tenure security on technical efficiency using detailed household-level data collected in Minle County in northwest China. The authors find that the (perceived) tenure security provided by land certificates encourages part-time farming with relatively low technical efficiency. The renting out of land by households with migrant members can only partly make up for this negative effect, because land rental markets are thin and highly fragmented. Therefore, the provision of land certificates to rural households has a negative impact on technical efficiency. For tenure security provided by the expected absence of land reallocations in the near future, on the other hand, the authors find that it reduces temporary migration and thereby contributes to higher technical efficiency.

scholarly journals The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on the Psychological Flexibility and Behaviour of Cancelling Medical Appointments of Italian Patients with Pre-Existing Medical Condition: The “ImpACT-COVID-19 for Patients” Multi-Centre Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Deledda ◽  
Niccolò Riccardi ◽  
Stefania Gori ◽  
Sara Poli ◽  
Matteo Giansante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Psychological distress imposed by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak particularly affects patients with pre-existing medical conditions, and the progression of their diseases. Patients who fail to keep scheduled medical appointments experience a negative impact on care. The aim of this study is to investigate the psychosocial factors contributing to the cancellation of medical appointments during the pandemic by patients with pre-existing health conditions. Data were collected in eleven Italian hospitals during the last week of lockdown, and one month later. In order to assess the emotional impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the subject’s degree of psychological flexibility, we developed an ad hoc questionnaire (ImpACT), referring to the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) were also used. Pervasive dysfunctional use of experiential avoidance behaviours (used with the function to avoid thought, emotions, sensations), feelings of loneliness and high post-traumatic stress scores were found to correlate with the fear of COVID-19, increasing the likelihood of cancelling medical appointments. Responding promptly to the information and psychological needs of patients who cancel medical appointments can have positive effects in terms of psychological and physical health.

Immigration Enforcement Policies, the Economic Recession, and the Size of Local Mexican Immigrant Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 641 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio A. Parrado
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Mexican Immigrant ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enforcement Policies

This article relies on local area variation in immigration policies, specifically the local implementation of the 287(g) program, and economic conditions to estimate their impact on changes in the size of local Mexican immigrant populations between 2007 and 2009. The author also investigates the impact of the 287(g) program on the employment prospects of low-skilled native black and white workers. The study finds that outside of four influential outliers (Dallas, Los Angeles, Riverside, and Phoenix), there is no evidence that the 287(g) program impacted the size of the Mexican immigrant population. In addition, there is no evidence that immigration enforcement policies mitigated the negative impact of the economic recession on the native population, even in the four outliers where the program was strongly enforced. The author highlights the limited efficacy of immigration enforcement as a way to resolve the issue of the undocumented immigrant population and for altering the employment opportunities of native workers.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on resource families: Unique challenges and strengths

2021 ◽  
pp. 251610322110207
Author(s):  
Audra K. Langley ◽  
Matthew A. Ruderman ◽  
Jill Waterman ◽  
Todd Franke
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
Birth Parents ◽  
Birth Parent ◽  
Resource Parents ◽  
Family Closeness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resource Families

The emergence of COVID-19 forced significant adaptations for families worldwide. Children and youth in foster care and their caregivers or resource parents experience unique stressors. The current study aimed to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and “Safer-at-Home” orders on resource parents in Los Angeles County. Resource parents (n = 648) were surveyed about COVID-19 concerns, positive impact and strengths, access to and helpfulness of provided resources, visits with birth parents, children joining their families during the pandemic, and transition to telehealth. Between one-third and half of resource parents with foster or foster-adoptive children in their home reported significant anxiety about issues such as getting infected, uncertainty about the future, and financial hardship. In contrast, most resource parents reported some perceived benefits, such as increased family closeness. The most helpful resource reported was video visitation by social workers. A quarter of resource parents experienced in-person birth parent visits. Developmentally, parents with a foster or fosteradoptive child 0–5 years old reported significantly more worries related to COVID-19, while those with children of multiple ages reported feeling less valued as a resource parent and expressed more concerns about children falling behind with school, mental health and developmental services, birth parent visits, and delayed reunification. Lastly, younger parental age, fewer foster children in the home, and the less negative impact from COVID-19 a resource parent reported having were associated with an increased likelihood of resource parents welcoming a child into their home. Implications for policy and recommendations for practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Climatic Shocks on Household Well-being: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Shubhasish Barua ◽  
Archis Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Vulnerability To Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Climatic shocks often jeopardise the well-being of rural households in many developing countries like Bangladesh. Due to lack of risk-sharing arrangements or formal insurance mechanisms, life and livelihood of households living in geographically challenged areas of Bangladesh are vulnerable to such shocks. These shocks increase households’ vulnerability to poverty and reduce their prospects of coming out of poverty. It is important to have a clear understanding of the impact of such shocks on the level of well-being to design policies to protect them from negative economic impact of such shocks. How such shocks affect the welfare of households relies on their ability to cope with the shocks. Using household-level survey data collected from remote areas of Bangladesh, this study investigates the impact of climatic shocks on household well-being. The study finds that climatic shocks have a negative impact on the level of well-being measured by total consumption as well as non-food consumption expenditures. However, the impact of shocks on food consumption is rather weak. The study also documents some evidence that climatic shocks negatively impact non-food consumption of not only the poorest but also the relatively wealthier households in the rural remote locations of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals The Varying Roles of Ecosystem Services in Poverty Alleviation Among Rural Households in Urbanizing Watersheds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yin ◽  
Qingxu Huang ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Xiaobo Hua ◽  
Chuan Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Landscape Sustainability ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract ContextUnderstanding the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being in rural areas of rapidly urbanizing watersheds is one of the core research questions of landscape sustainability science. It is important for poverty alleviation and forming related policies. However, there is insufficient investigation on the impact of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation at the household level in such regions. ObjectivesThis paper investigates whether household characteristics play an important role in connecting ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in a rapidly urbanizing landscape from the perspective of landscape sustainability science.MethodsWe use an urbanizing watershed with a large number of poor people, analyzing the impacts of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation among different types of rural households based on surveys, cluster analysis, and multinomial logit models. ResultsThe results suggested that neither provisioning services nor cultural services that are received by the households were significantly associated with poverty alleviation (p>0.1). However, the decline in one regulating service (natural disaster prevention) had a significant, negative impact on poverty alleviation (p<0.1), and the probability for natural disaster-affected farmers to fall into poverty was approximately 32 times higher than that for those who were not. ConclusionsDifferences in household-level endowments largely explained the diverging roles of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation. Therefore, in urbanizing watersheds, pro-poor policies such as providing agricultural insurance and targeted support (e.g., interest-free microcredit) should be adopted to improve the ability of poverty-stricken households to cope with disasters and prevent them from returning to poverty.

The impact of flooding on marriage: evidence from Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the flood on marriages in flooded households compared to marriages in unaffected households by utilizing the 2010 Pakistani flood as a type of natural experiment. Design/methodology/approach A difference-in-difference approach is used to estimate the effect of the flood on marriages in 62 flooded districts compared with those in 53 non-flooded districts by utilizing the six waves of the household level surveys data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement, 2004-2005 to 2014-2015. Findings Results show that the flood decreased marriages; by 17 marriages per 1,000 individuals aged 15-50 years in flooded districts during the flood year and the effect disappeared after the flood year. The negative impact of the flood on rural marriages is significantly higher and robust. Social implications The flood seemingly discouraged individuals in flooded districts to be engaged in long term relationship mainly due to the flood related economic and financial losses. In order to acquire and maintain individual overall well-being, sexual health in vital to maintain mental and physical health, so policy makers/humanitarian aid-providers should assist the affected adults financially or by arranging their marriages at least during the flood year. The study also suggests that the delay of marriages means the accumulation of human capital in the form of school attainment of male marriages, so younger adult should be discouraged marrying at early age. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature in the following ways: first, the study empirically investigates the impact of flood – both immediate and long term – on marriage rates by using a natural experiment. Second, it examines the relationship based on geographic location and gender. Third, it investigates the impact of natural hazards on child marriage.

Charactarizing Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction and its impact on quality of life through an international online survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alaina Studt ◽  
Margaret Gannon ◽  
Joanna Orzel ◽  
Ashley Vaughan ◽  
Amy M. Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD) is an underrecognized and poorly understood medical condition characterized by sexual dysfunction that persists despite SSRI discontinuation. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a survey of individuals with PSSD to better characterize this condition and its impact on various quality of life concerns. METHODS: Surveys were distributed to an online support group for individuals with PSSD. Surveys assessed medications suspected of causing PSSD and symptoms experienced during and after treatment. Respondents reported the trajectory of their condition, the efficacy of different treatments, and the impact of PSSD on their quality of life. RESULTS: 239 survey responses were included in this study. A majority of respondents had a history of SSRI use (92%) compared to only SNRI or atypical antidepressant use (8%). The overall severity of symptoms improved for 45% and worsened or remained the same for 37% of respondents after discontinuing treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Only 12% of respondents reported being counseled regarding potential sexual dysfunction while taking antidepressants. The majority rated the effect of PSSD on their quality of life as extremely negative (59%) or very negative (23%). CONCLUSION: PSSD can have an overwhelmingly negative impact on quality of life. Currently, it is unclear why certain individuals develop PSSD and there are no definitive treatments for this condition. Further research of PSSD and greater awareness of this condition is needed among prescribers of serotonin reuptake inhibitors to improve patient care. Abstract goes

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