Analysis of a Structural and Sesmic Design of an Auditorium

Though the land, air and water of the planet earth provides cradle for the existence of life , they also cause disasters in the form of earthquakes, wind storms and floods leading to a large scale loss of life and property. Earthquake is moving phenomenon of soil or we can say that vibrations which disturb the earth surface due to waves inside the surface of earth is termed as earthquake. Earthquake can damage the structures which are not constructed according the earthquake consideration. A large number of building designed in India according to static and permanent loads but earthquake is an occasional loads. Present time in India approximately more than 60% area is under earthquake prone zone. So it is important to design the structures according to seismic forces. Earthquake damages the substructure and superstructures. Substructures is the lower part of buildings i.e.; foundation of buildings and superstructures is the part of buildings that rests above the ground level. It is important to understand the behavior of substructures due to seismic loads (soil-foundation interaction) and behavior of superstructures due to seismic loads (beam, column, slab, beam-column joint etc ). Seismic analysis is a major tool in earthquake engineering which is used to understand the response of buildings due to seismic excitations in a simpler manner. It is a part of structural analysis and a part of structural design where earthquake is prevalent.

Based on Historical Seismic Damage Data to Rapidly Assessment the Vulnerability of Structures in Rural Village

This study investigated and classified typical structures in rural village and analyzed the vulnerability of various typical types of structures. Based on the statistics of earthquake damages with magnitudes above 5 from 1996 to 2013 in China, the damage matrixes of different types of structures in rural village are obtained. And The vulnerability index and the vulnerability equation of structure are crucial to assess the earthquake losses of typical structures under different magnitudes earthquakes. According to the seismic loss of different types of structures under different earthquake magnitudes, there are possible to improve the seismic resilience of the buildings in rural village. Moreover, the regional vulnerability is analyzed by β probability distribution function, and the comprehensive seismic performance index of different types of agricultural buildings in the region is obtained. The main research is to predict the loss of different types of structures under different earthquake magnitudes in the future, and to provide technical support for different types of building in rural village reinforcement.

Temporary Shoring System on Masonry Buildings After an Earthquake

Historical masonry structures that make up the cultural assets of a country constitute the identity of the society to which it belongs. For this reason, it should be protected and should be transferred from generation to generation. Earthquakes are threatening action to masonry structures. The force generated by the ground movement may cause shear cracks in masonry structures that may lead to fragmentation and even collapse of the structure. It is necessary to know the earthquake behaviour of masonry structures to be able to apply appropriate temporary shoring system after a damage caused by earthquake in order to prevent the future damages during aftershocks. Thus, the progress of the damages in the building is prevented and it is ensured to survive until detailed investigation or restoration. However, when the applied temporary shoring system designs were examined, the environmental conditions of the building were not taken into account in any guideline on immediate shoring. In this paper, temporary shoring system for 3 traditional houses of Bey District is designed for possible earthquake damages. This district has many registered civil architectures lined side by side along very narrow streets. Some masonry buildings were changed to reinforced concrete with multiple floors. This study includes the registration status of the buildings, their location, the number of floors to be supported, the heights between floors, the height of the forces that can be brought by the adjacent building elements, the width of the street where the facade to be supported, whether there is a window or door opening in the facade to be supported etc. If there are window or door openings, the distances of the opening to the corner points of the building and the distances between the two openings has to be recorded. According to these determinations, possible damages that may occur in the buildings are defined and a temporary shoring system is designed in accordance with the buildings and the surrounding conditions.

Monitoring of Tsunami/Earthquake Damages by Polarimetric Microwave Remote Sensing Technique

Polarization characterizes the vector state of EM wave. When interacting with polarized wave, rough natural surface often induces dominant surface scattering; building also presents dominant double-bounce scattering. Tsunami/earthquake causes serious destruction just by inundating the land surface and destroying the building. By analyzing the change of surface and double-bounce scattering before and after disaster, we can achieve a monitoring of damages. This constitutes one basic principle of polarimetric microwave remote sensing of tsunami/earthquake. The extraction of surface and double-bounce scattering from coherency matrix is achieved by model-based decomposition. The general four-component scattering power decomposition with unitary transformation (G4U) has been widely used in the remote sensing of tsunami/earthquake to identify surface and double-bounce scattering because it can adaptively enhance surface or double-bounce scattering. Nonetheless, the strict derivation in this chapter conveys that G4U cannot always strengthen the double-bounce scattering in urban area nor strengthen the surface scattering in water or land area unless we adaptively combine G4U and its duality for an extended G4U (EG4U). Experiment on the ALOS-PALSAR datasets of 2011 great Tohoku tsunami/earthquake demonstrates not only the outperformance of EG4U but also the effectiveness of polarimetric remote sensing in the qualitative monitoring and quantitative evaluation of tsunami/earthquake damages.

Experimental and numerical assessment of suspended ceiling joints

During an earthquake, damages of non-structural components can prevent the safe occupancy of buildings and contribute largely to the global economic losses. Ceiling systems are among the most common non-structural components, since they are widely installed in public buildings, retails and offices. As demonstrated by the failures reported after seismic events worldwide, ceiling joints are often subjected to damage that ultimately leads to collapse of the ceiling system. While perimeter joints have been assessed in many experimental campaigns, there are limited data regarding experimental and numerical characterisation of inner joints. Moreover, the available experimental results are characterized by elasto-fragile behaviour and concern devices which differ in size and type from the mechanical connections commonly manufactured in Europe. In this work a preliminary numerical study on a full-scale suspended ceiling model has been performed to evaluate the main actions on suspended ceiling joints. Moreover, an extensive experimental campaign has been conducted on a type of the so-called “standard” and “seismic” joints, produced in Europe and installed in different typologies of runners. Specimens were subjected to monotonic and cyclic quasi-static tests, using a similar setup to the ones used in Literature to allow a comparison of the performances obtained. Moreover, numerical models of the joints were developed and calibrated on the experimental results. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of different types of inner joints and investigate the influence of shape and dimensions of tees to the performance of the connection. The results here presented allows to accurately characterise the behaviour of inner joints and finally enhancing the global seismic behaviour of suspended ceilings.

Evaluation of Dynamic Properties and Ground-Response Analysis of Soil Reinforced with Cement and Biopolymer

In Korea, earthquakes have continued to occur even after the occurrence of Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes of 2016 and 2017, respectively, raising awareness of earthquakes. Because earthquakes cause damage to not only structures but also humans, it is essential to improve the seismic performance and design earthquake-resistant structures to minimize earthquake damages. If the seismic performance of a structure is improved through ground improvement and reinforcement, ground response analysis should be performed considering the dynamic properties of the site of the structure. In addition, cement has been widely used as a material for ground improvement, but recently, ground improvement methods in which biopolymers are utilized for ecofriendly construction have been investigated extensively. However, studies on the changes in the dynamic properties of ground improved using biopolymers, and the ground-response analysis has not been investigated in detail. In this study, resonant column tests were performed using samples mixed with cement and sodium alginate to evaluate the effects o f ground improvement using a biopolymer. In addition, the dynamic properties of the improved samples were adopted in performing the ground response analysis, which demonstrated confirmed the ground stability after ground improvement. From the results, the ground dynamic properties, shear modulus, and damping ratio were influenced when the biopolymer and cement were mixed with the soil. Furthermore, the ground response analysis confirmed that the maximum ground acceleration on the surface decreased.

Seismic Structural Analysis of Buried Pipelines and Safety Evaluation Model Based on Response Surface Method

Based on the earthquakes that occurred recently in Gyeongju and Pohang provinces, the Korea Peninsula needs to be prepared for a strong earthquake that might occur in the future. In this study, a strain tendency model based on the response surface method was used to analyze buried straight pipelines. The strains of the buried pipelines were computed through structural dynamics analysis, considering the section properties and ground types. In the case of the buried straight pipelines, this strain tendency model provided the necessary information for setting the strain-based design and a guideline for predicting post-earthquake damages in the Korea Peninsula.