Local Perception of Ecosystem Services and their Conservation in Sudanian Savannas of Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Abstract Context: In Burkina Faso, Sudanian savannas are important ecosystems for plant diversity conservation. However, population migration from the north due to desertification and insecurity has increased human density and caused an intensification of anthropogenic pressure on southern savannas. This study aims to investigate local population's knowledge on ecosystem services (ES), and perception on their conservation. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews focused on informants’ knowledge on ES and ecosystem conservation issues were conducted. Informants were selected according to the sociocultural groups and sex in three land use intensity levels: the communal area of Dano (CAD), the Total Wildlife Reserve of Bontioli (TWRB) and the Game Ranch of Nazinga (GRN). The use value and vulnerability index of each plant species were determined. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to identify the particular knowledge of the different groups.Results: Overall, 163 plant species were cited for fifteen ES. Provisioning services were the most cited (100%) followed by regulating services (92.47%). Entire plants were exclusively used in conservation services (protection against wind, for shading, soil fertility, erosion prevention, tourism and religion). The ten species which contribute most to ES were Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa, Diospyros mespiliformis, Adansonia digitata, Lannea microcarpa, Faidherbia albida, Khaya senegalensis, Afzelia africana, Ficus sycomorus, Pterocarpus erinaceus. Seven of them were identified as highly vulnerable. Migrants and natives around the GRN share the same knowledge, while migrants in the TWRB used the ES only to a small extent due to restricted contact with the native population. Migrants and natives of GRN have more knowledge on crafts services while the native of CAD and TWRB exploit the services that sustain the quality of the agricultural land and insure their primary needs. To reduce further degradation, the different communities suggested unanimously raising awareness on the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem preservation. The most quoted motivations to preserve ecosystems were vegetation sustainability and village development.Conclusion: This study documented important local knowledge-based information to guide domestication of local multipurpose species and the initiation of communities to practice best management strategies for sustainable conservation of biodiversity.