scholarly journals Ecological Features of the Exotic Wasp Vespula Vulgaris L. 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Invading the Southernmost Unesco Biosphere Reserve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rendoll-Cárcamo ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
Melisa Gañán ◽  
Alan Maldonado-Márquez ◽  
Luna Menares Zuñiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Abstract Invasive alien species may cause substantial changes and damaging impacts in the ecosystems they invade. Here, we document the current distribution and ecological interactions with native biota of the relatively recently introduced wasp, Vespula vulgaris, in the southern part of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve. We conducted surveys and field studies in four different habitats on Navarino Island: evergreen, deciduous and mixed forests, and shrublands. The spread of V. vulgaris through the island since its first detection has led to it occupying suitable habitats for nesting and foraging, both in urban and rural settings. The presence of V. vulgaris on islands and remote areas of the CHBR is likely the result of marine human movement through the channels withing the reserve. Wasp foraging composition was different on each of the four studied habitats, yet strongly linked to each habitat’s resources, indicating the inherent ability of V. vulgaris of exploiting surrounding resources efficiently. The lack of natural competitors and availability of multiple resources as allowed V. vulgaris to rapidly become a common pest in urban and rural settings in the southern extreme of South America. In this context, we believe that eradication would be impossible, although it would be possible to control populations at localized scales with proper planning and long-term management. Our results can act as a base for management planning, and we strongly recommend social engagement and dialog with pertinent governmental institutions to achieve this challenging task.

scholarly journals Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve and its buffer zone: floristic data

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Gamova
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Check List ◽  
Floristic Data ◽  
State Nature

Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve is situated in the central part of the Khamar-Daban Range (Southern Baikal, Siberia), in three administrative districts of Republic of Buryatia (i.e. Kabansky District, Dzhidinsky District and Selenginsky District), Russia. In general, this territory has been relatively well studied by botanists, but until now there was no detailed information about the flora of the Reserve with precise geographic localities. Moreover, some records in the Baikalsky Reserve's flora were published without references to documenting herbarium specimens. The dataset contains 39,238 unique occurrences of 875 taxa (854 species, 14 subspecies, five varieties and two species aggregates) from the Baikalsky Reserve and its buffer zone. All the data were acquired during the field studies by the author in 2009–2021, when 152 taxa (17.3% of all the taxa included into the dataset) were first recorded by the author from the study area. Herbarium vouchers are preserved in the Moscow University Herbarium (MW). This dataset is the first attempt at creating a database of vascular plants of the Baikalsky Reserve and its buffer zone, based on modern research. These data will provide the background for the updated check-list of the Baikalsky Reserve's flora.

scholarly journals Does Wealth Predict Health Among Dogs in a Protected Area?

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. L. Eisenman ◽  
Jeremy M. Koster ◽  
Janet E. Foley ◽  
Christine V. Fiorello
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Condition Score

AbstractAs the world's most ubiquitous carnivore, domestic dogs maintain unique proximity to human populations. Partly because dogs potentially serve as hosts of zoonotic diseases, determinants of canine health are increasingly the focus of interdisciplinary research. Emerging perspectives suggest that dogs' health may vary as a function of their owners' wealth and financial resources, a correlation that could potentially inform public health programs and conservation efforts. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between household wealth and the health of domestic dogs (n = 208) among indigenous Mayangna communities in the Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, Nicaragua. The dogs were evaluated using serum biochemistry, complete blood count, and physical exam findings. Using these data, a principal components analysis (PCA) determined the presence of four "syndromes": 1) decreased body condition score (BCS) & hypoalbuminemia; 2) lymphocytosis & eosinophilia; 3) segmented neutrophilia; and 4) lymphadenopathy, tick infestation, & hyperglobulinemia. An inventory of possessions indexed household wealth. For all four syndromes, household wealth was a weak and uninformative predictor of the dogs' health. The few differences seen among dogs from households with different degrees of wealth likely reflect that nearly all dogs had marginal health and all households were relatively poor. Results from this study imply that owners' wealth may have diverse effects on canine health in rural settings.

Fish Injury and Mortality During Passage Through Pumping Stations

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. M. van Esch
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Governmental Institutions

An unwanted side effect of pumping stations is that fish suffer from injury and mortality when passing through the pumps and that fish migration is hampered. In recent years, the development of so-called fish-friendly pumping stations has received increasing attention from European governmental institutions and pump manufacturers. In the Netherlands, many field studies have been conducted over the last decade to assess the chances of survival for fish passing through pumps. A clear correlation between observed injury or mortality and, for example, flow rate, shaft speed, or pump type could not be established. This paper presents a new analysis of these field studies. It uses American studies on the biological criteria for fish injury, the most important of which are pressure changes, shear forces, and mechanical injury. A blade strike model is adapted to fish passing through centrifugal pumps of radial, mixed-flow, and axial type. It reveals the relation between fish injury and the type of pump, its size, shaft speed, and pressure head. The results correlate fairly well with experiments. The flow through a typical mixed-flow pump is calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that pressure fluctuations and shear forces are not likely to add much to fish mortality. Guidelines for the design and selection of fish-friendly pumps are given with the introduction of two new dimensionless numbers: the blade strike probability factor and the blade strike velocity factor. It shows that fish-friendliness of pumps decreases with increasing specific speed value.

scholarly journals Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians

2020 ◽  
Vol 85-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hleb ◽  
V. Loya ◽  
R. Cherepanyn
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Vaccinium Uliginosum ◽  
National University ◽  
Salix Herbacea ◽  
Circumpolar Arctic ◽  
Tourist Path

Salix herbacea is a relict plant species related to the circumpolar arctic-alpine element of the Holarctic group. The aim of the study was to clarify the data on the distribution of S. herbacea within the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians, since this species is reported by different authors for the massif without specific geographical and habitats descriptions. Field studies were conducted in the Maramures massif on the slopes of Pip Ivan Marmarosky (1936 m a.s.l.) and Rapa (1872 m a.s.l.) mountains in 2017–2019. The S. herbacea distribution chorology was analyzed on the basis of the inventory of UU, KW, KWHA, LW, Herbarium of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and Herbarium of the Biology and Ecology Department of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University collections. We have found S. herbacea confined to cliffs on a rocky tourist path between the peaks of Pip Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa mountains in Rakhiv district of Transcarpathian region (Zakarpattia oblast). Moreover, these rocky formations were colonized by tall grasses such as Calamagrostis villosa, Poa pratensis, and Festuca picturata. Also was found the occurrence of Holarctic and Alpine-Carpathian species Vaccinium uliginosum, Potentilla aurea, Pulsatilla alba, Thamnolia vermicularis, and Cetraria islandica. The occurrence of these species was caused by decreasing livestock grazing intensity during the past years in this area. The exact location and phytocoenological conditions of the site, which is endangered and requires additional conservation measures, were outlined. The necessity of these measures to preserve the habitat of S. herbacea on the Maramures massif was stressed out.

Ecological Features of Preschools and the Social Engagement of Children With Autism

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Reszka ◽  
Samuel L. Odom ◽  
Kara A. Hume
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
The Social

Injury and Mortality to Fish Passing Through Pumping Stations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart van Esch
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Head ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Governmental Institutions

An unwanted side effect of pumping stations is that fish suffer from injury and mortality when passing through the pumps and that fish migration is hampered. In recent years, the development of so-called “fish-friendly pumping stations” is becoming a hot topic among European governmental institutions and pump manufacturers. In the Netherlands, many field studies have been conducted over the last decade, to assess the chances of survival for fish passing through pumps. However, a clear correlation between observed injury or mortality and (for example) flow rate, shaft speed or pump type could not be established. This paper presents a new analysis of the above mentioned field studies. It makes use of American studies on the biological criteria for fish injury, the most important of which are pressure changes, shear forces, and mechanical injury. A blade strike model was adapted to fish passing through centrifugal pumps of radial, mixed-flow, and axial type. It reveals the relation between fish injury and the type of pump, its size, shaft speed, and pressure head. The results correlate well with experiments. The flow through a typical mixed-flow pump is calculated using CFD. The results show that pressure fluctuations and shear forces are not likely to add to fish mortality. The paper concludes with guidelines for the design and selection of “fish-friendly pumps” in pumping stations.

scholarly journals Historical review and occurrence records of Callipogon relictus Semenov, 1899 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Gwangneung Forest, South Korea with suggestions for species conservation

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Seung-Gyu Lee ◽  
Bong-Woo Lee ◽  
Cheol-Hak Kim ◽  
Jung Hoon Kang ◽  
Seung-Hwan Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Natural Monument

Biodiversity has been declining and extinction rates have been exponentially increasing because of land use changes, invasion of exotic species, nutrient enrichment and climate change. In this scenario, many international networks such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature have been making efforts to raise conservation awareness and preserve species and their habitats in many countries. The relict longhorn beetle Callipogon relictus Semenov, 1899 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is the largest coleopteran species in the Palearctic region and has a unique distribution compared to its congeneric species. Callipogon relictus has been protected by two Korean laws since it was designated as a Korean Natural Monument and an Endangered Species in 1968 and 2012, respectively. To improve the conservation of this species, ecological and biological data were obtained from studies performed during the last 12 years on its populations in Gwangneung Forest, the fourth UNESCO biosphere reserve in South Korea. Previously scattered distribution records of C. relictus from South Korea from 1932 to 2007 are therefore summarized and ecological features of adults observed during fields studies performed from 2008 to 2019 are presented. Based on the summarized data, we suggest different management measures and conservation efforts to maintain the size of C. relictus populations in South Korea, which can also be further used in the restoration of other endangered insects.

Perceived Voice Disorders in Older Adults and Impact on Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Connie K. Porcaro ◽  
Clare Singer ◽  
Boris Djokic ◽  
Ali A. Danesh ◽  
Ruth Tappen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose Many aging individuals, even those who are healthy, report voice changes that can impact their ability to communicate as they once did. While this is commonly reported, most do not seek evaluation or management for this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences in voice disorders in older adults, along with the effect of fatigue on their social interactions. Method This is a cross-sectional investigation of a community-dwelling sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Questionnaire on Vocal Performance, the Social Engagement Index subset “Engagement in Social or Leisure Activities,” and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Results Results indicated 32.5% of the 332 participants reported symptoms of voice problems with no difference found between male and female respondents. A slight increase in report of voice problems was noted with each year of age. Participants who self-reported voice problems indicated less interaction in social activities involving communication than those who did not. Finally, as severity of self-reported voice problems increased, an increase was reported by the same individuals for signs of fatigue. Conclusions Voice problems and resulting decreased social interaction are commonly experienced by older individuals. Voice symptoms in older adults have been found to benefit from evidence-based treatment strategies. It is critical to provide education to encourage older individuals to seek appropriate evaluation and management for voice issues through a speech-language pathologist or medical professional.

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