Injury and Mortality to Fish Passing Through Pumping Stations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart van Esch
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Head ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Governmental Institutions

An unwanted side effect of pumping stations is that fish suffer from injury and mortality when passing through the pumps and that fish migration is hampered. In recent years, the development of so-called “fish-friendly pumping stations” is becoming a hot topic among European governmental institutions and pump manufacturers. In the Netherlands, many field studies have been conducted over the last decade, to assess the chances of survival for fish passing through pumps. However, a clear correlation between observed injury or mortality and (for example) flow rate, shaft speed or pump type could not be established. This paper presents a new analysis of the above mentioned field studies. It makes use of American studies on the biological criteria for fish injury, the most important of which are pressure changes, shear forces, and mechanical injury. A blade strike model was adapted to fish passing through centrifugal pumps of radial, mixed-flow, and axial type. It reveals the relation between fish injury and the type of pump, its size, shaft speed, and pressure head. The results correlate well with experiments. The flow through a typical mixed-flow pump is calculated using CFD. The results show that pressure fluctuations and shear forces are not likely to add to fish mortality. The paper concludes with guidelines for the design and selection of “fish-friendly pumps” in pumping stations.

Fish Injury and Mortality During Passage Through Pumping Stations

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. M. van Esch
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Governmental Institutions

An unwanted side effect of pumping stations is that fish suffer from injury and mortality when passing through the pumps and that fish migration is hampered. In recent years, the development of so-called fish-friendly pumping stations has received increasing attention from European governmental institutions and pump manufacturers. In the Netherlands, many field studies have been conducted over the last decade to assess the chances of survival for fish passing through pumps. A clear correlation between observed injury or mortality and, for example, flow rate, shaft speed, or pump type could not be established. This paper presents a new analysis of these field studies. It uses American studies on the biological criteria for fish injury, the most important of which are pressure changes, shear forces, and mechanical injury. A blade strike model is adapted to fish passing through centrifugal pumps of radial, mixed-flow, and axial type. It reveals the relation between fish injury and the type of pump, its size, shaft speed, and pressure head. The results correlate fairly well with experiments. The flow through a typical mixed-flow pump is calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that pressure fluctuations and shear forces are not likely to add much to fish mortality. Guidelines for the design and selection of fish-friendly pumps are given with the introduction of two new dimensionless numbers: the blade strike probability factor and the blade strike velocity factor. It shows that fish-friendliness of pumps decreases with increasing specific speed value.

Validation of a model to predict fish passage mortality in pumping stations

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1910-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P.M. van Esch ◽  
I.L.Y. Spierts
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rate ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Wide Operating

A total of 1253 live cyprinids and eel were exposed to a centrifugal pump to study fish damage rates in a wide operating range. The observed types of injuries were consistent with a mechanical cause of damage. The measured mortality rates for cyprinids show a fair agreement with a blade strike model based on empirical data by Electric Power Research Institute. Analysis of the experiments with eel led to a new correlation for the blade mortality ratio for this species; lethal injury rate is shown to be zero up to a strike velocity of 8 m·s–1 and increases linearly to 42% for a strike velocity of 15 m·s–1. Use was made of video recordings that provided valuable information on the orientation and distribution of fish approaching the impeller. Results are presented using a new method to visualize fish mortality from a pump in its entire operating range using graphs of pressure head versus flow rate. The theory of pump hydrodynamics is used to derive a method to scale results of fish damage rate, obtained either by a model or by experiments, to different pump sizes, shaft speeds, or fish lengths. This will prove essential for a valid interpretation of pump experiments with fish.

scholarly journals Hydraulic resistances experimental and field studies of supply canals and pumping stations structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03075
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Uralov ◽  
Marina Li ◽  
Eshmatboy Qalqonov ◽  
Zokhidjon Ishankulov ◽  
Makhfuz Akhmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Plane Parallel ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Large Width

Currently, many authors have studied the uniform axisymmetric pressure head laminar and turbulent movement of water in hydraulic smooth and rough (with uniform roughness) pipes of circular cross-section. The results obtained in the study of a plane-parallel turbulent flow in pressure canals allows here only to outline the structure of the corresponding dependencies and to clarify the simplest case of unpressurized fluid movement, when this movement can also be reduced to plane-parallel or, in other words, to movement in a canal of infinitely large width with a flat bottom. In all other cases, the only way to solve the problem is an experiment. The construction of numerous free-flow watercourses and machine canals of pumping stations requires scientifically based calculation methods.

Performance of a Mixed Flow Pump with Varying Tip Clearance: Part 2

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Soundranayagam ◽  
T K Saha
Keyword(s):  
Close Agreement ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Loss Distribution ◽  
Specific Speed ◽  
Flow Pump ◽  
Relative Flow

Measurements in a mixed flow pump of non-dimensional specific speed k = 1.89 [ NS = 100 r/min (metric)] are analysed to give loss distribution and local hydraulic efficiencies at different flowrates and values of tip clearance. Fairly close agreement is obtained between the relative flow angles leaving the blading as predicted by simple deviation and slip models and derived from the measurements. The head developed is broken up into two parts: that contributed by Coriolis action and that associated with blade circulation. It is suggested that lift coefficients based on blade circulation are of limited value in selecting blade profiles. The variation of pump efficiency with tip clearance is greater than that reported for centrifugal pumps.

Use of a novel acoustic 'listening' method for detecting pump impellor strike on downstream migrating eels

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
B. O. David ◽  
M. Lake ◽  
M. K. Pine ◽  
J. Smith ◽  
J. A. T. Boubée
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Fish mortality through floodplain pumping stations is a recognised global issue, but few studies have quantified the degree of mortality that occurs during pumping. We investigated the potential of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as a tool to record sounds made by fish and their likely mortality as they passed through pumps during downstream migration. The acoustic properties made by freshly killed eels that were fed through an existing pump station were compared to those made by goldfish (Carassius auratus). Processing and analysis of acoustic data enabled the development of an ‘eel-specific’ algorithm for detecting eels passing through the pumping station. The duration of sound and filtered intensity were useful characteristics enabling reliable separation of the two fish species. The algorithm was then applied retrospectively to soundscape recordings obtained during a typical eel migration period at the test site. Although the tool is unlikely to be able to differentiate the sound of goldfish from ‘other’ potential sounds of short duration (e.g. sticks), differentiating eels from other sounds was demonstrated. We conclude that this tool has considerable potential for improving the understanding of the timing of eel migrations and likely mortality through pumping stations. The tool may also be used to inform the development of both remote and manual pump management options for reducing pump-related eel mortality.

Flow loss analysis of a two-stage axially split centrifugal pump with double inlet under different channel designs

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (15) ◽  
pp. 5316-5328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed Koranteng Osman ◽  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Jianping Yuan ◽  
Jiantao Zhao ◽  
Yiyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Flow Losses ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Pump Head ◽  
Flow Loss

The double-stage axially split centrifugal pump is widely used in water diversion and water pumping stations due to their ability to deliver at high heads and large flow rate for long running hours. Their flow characteristics can be greatly influenced by the geometry of the channels between the stages, which is a prominent place for irreversible loss to occur. Numerical investigations were extensively carried out and a comparison was drawn between two multistage axially split centrifugal pumps, with different channel designs between its stages. The reliability of the numerical model was confirmed after a good agreement existed between numerical results and the experiments. Subsequently, entropy generation terms were used to evaluate turbulence dissipation to characterize the flow losses. The modified channels had a great effect on reducing swirl near the impeller eye, thereby improving pump head by 12.5% and efficiency by 4.98% at the design condition. They however induced flow impact, causing an unusual separation, which generated high turbulence dissipation at the blade surfaces. The channels and second stage impeller were identified as major areas for selective optimization since their turbulence dissipation was dominant. Consequently, entropy production analysis with computational fluid dynamics could be relied upon to reveal the loss locations for selective optimization in centrifugal pumps.

Performance and Radial Loading of a Mixed-Flow Pump Under Non-Uniform Suction Flow

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. M. van Esch
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Radial Force ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Suction Velocity ◽  
Suction Flow ◽  
Flow Pump

Many centrifugal pumps have a suction velocity profile, which is nonuniform, either by design like in double-suction pumps, sump pumps, and in-line pumps, or as a result of an installation close to an upstream disturbance like a pipe bend. This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of a nonuniform suction velocity profile on performance of a mixed-flow pump and hydrodynamic forces on the impeller. In the experiments, a newly designed dynamometer is used, equipped with six full Wheatstone bridges of strain gauges to measure the six generalized force components. It is placed in between the shaft of the pump and the impeller and corotates with the rotor system. A high accuracy is obtained due to the orthogonality of bridge positioning and the signal conditioning electronics embedded within the dynamometer. The suction flow distribution to the pump is adapted using a pipe bundle situated in the suction pipe. Results of measurements show the influence of the suction flow profile and blade interaction on pump performance and forces. Among the most important observations are a backward whirling motion of the rotor system and a considerable steady radial force.

CFD Calculation of a Mixed Flow Pump Characteristic From Shutoff to Maximum Flow

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix A. Muggli ◽  
Peter Holbein ◽  
Philippe Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Numerical Tools ◽  
Flow Pump

The behavior of the flow in a vertical semi-axial mixed flow pump has been analyzed by numerical flow simulations of the entire stage, and the results have been compared to test data. As the flow is expected to be unsteady at part load in such a pump, the steady-state simulations were complemented with unsteady flow simulations of the entire machine at one part load operating point. Pressure measurements at different locations in the casing of the pump provided valuable data for the validation of the calculated pressure head. This paper shows that the pump characteristic can be quite accurately predicted from full load to part load by modern numerical tools. Simulations of the unsteady flow, which use much more computer resources, are also feasible in an industrial environment and yield detailed information about the flow patterns and pressure fluctuations in the pump.

scholarly journals Ecological Features of the Exotic Wasp Vespula Vulgaris L. 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Invading the Southernmost Unesco Biosphere Reserve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rendoll-Cárcamo ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
Melisa Gañán ◽  
Alan Maldonado-Márquez ◽  
Luna Menares Zuñiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Abstract Invasive alien species may cause substantial changes and damaging impacts in the ecosystems they invade. Here, we document the current distribution and ecological interactions with native biota of the relatively recently introduced wasp, Vespula vulgaris, in the southern part of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve. We conducted surveys and field studies in four different habitats on Navarino Island: evergreen, deciduous and mixed forests, and shrublands. The spread of V. vulgaris through the island since its first detection has led to it occupying suitable habitats for nesting and foraging, both in urban and rural settings. The presence of V. vulgaris on islands and remote areas of the CHBR is likely the result of marine human movement through the channels withing the reserve. Wasp foraging composition was different on each of the four studied habitats, yet strongly linked to each habitat’s resources, indicating the inherent ability of V. vulgaris of exploiting surrounding resources efficiently. The lack of natural competitors and availability of multiple resources as allowed V. vulgaris to rapidly become a common pest in urban and rural settings in the southern extreme of South America. In this context, we believe that eradication would be impossible, although it would be possible to control populations at localized scales with proper planning and long-term management. Our results can act as a base for management planning, and we strongly recommend social engagement and dialog with pertinent governmental institutions to achieve this challenging task.

Submersible pumps - application practice, technical requirements, development paths

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Михаил Валерьевич Илеменов ◽  
Владимир Иванович Логинов ◽  
Сергей Михайлович Ртищев ◽  
Владимир Николаевич Козырев
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Pumping Units ◽  
Requirements Development

Проанализировано применение погружных (плавающих) насосов в насосно-рукавных комплексах. Рассмотрены их преимущества перед центробежными насосами, устанавливаемыми в мобильной пожарной технике. На основе практики применения и технических характеристик погружных насосов, производимых ведущими зарубежными фирмами, сформулированы технические требования для разработки отечественного погружного насоса. Кроме того, технические требования могут стать основой разработки национального стандарта для этого типа пожарно-технической продукции. The article analyzes the results of operation of a relatively new type of centrifugal pump - a submersible (floating) centrifugal pump with a hydraulic drive. These pumps have a number of significant advantages over centrifugal pumps installed on mobile fire fighting equipment - they can be used to pump liquid from a mark up to minus 30 m. Since the suction pipe of such a pump is located directly in the pumped liquid (below the liquid mirror level), the phenomenon of cavitation is practically excluded. Submersible pumps are used to supply water in case of fire and for water disposal during the elimination of hazardous hydrological phenomena, both independently and in conjunction with centrifugal pumps installed on mobile fire fighting equipment (supply to pumping). All submersible pumps included in the set of hose-pumping complexes are of foreign production. The demand for such pumping units causes the need to develop domestic samples in order to get away from import dependence in the manufacture of pumping and hose systems and their operation. Based on the practice of using submersible pumps and the technical characteristics of submersible pumps produced by leading foreign companies, the following technical requirements for the development of a domestic submersible pump have been formulated. Pump delivery is 170-180 l ∙ s from the mark to minus 30 m. Water intake is possible both in equipped (adapted) and unequipped (unsuitable) places. In addition, the requirements for the hydraulic drive, weight and size characteristics, and some components have been formulated. In conclusion, some directions for the further development of pumping and hose systems and submersible pumping stations are considered.

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