A Tool (SPOLERC) to Guide the Evaluation of Phosphorus Leaching for Agricultural Soil by Using Soil Phosphorus Leaching Change Point in the Lake Xingkai Basin, China

Abstract BackgroundAs the key factor of soil P leaching risk assessment, soil P leaching change point (CP) has been widely reported. However, there was no report have clearly described the calculation method of soil P leaching CP value and its automation calculation. Additionally, there was no effective risk grading method performed on the classification of soil P leaching evaluation.ResultsThis study has optimized the calculation process of soil P leaching CP value under two different models. Subsequently, based on the Python programming language, a computation tool named SPOLERC (Soil Phosphorus Leaching Risk Calculator) was developed for soil P leaching risk assessment. SPOLERC not only embedded the calculation process of soil P leaching CP value, but also introduced the single factor index (SFI) method to grade the soil P leaching risk level. Considering the relationships between soil Olsen-P and leachable P fitted by using SPOLERC in paddy land soils and arid agricultural land soils in the Lake Xingkai basin, results have shown that there is a good linear fitting relationship between soil Olsen-P and leachable P; and the CP values were 59.63 and 35.35 mg Olsen-P kg-1 in paddy land soils and arid agricultural land soils, respectively. Additionally, 32.7%, 21.8%, and 3.64% of arid agricultural soil samples are at low risk, medium risk, and high risk of P leaching, and 40.6% of paddy land soil samples are at low risk. ConclusionsThe SPOLERC can accurately fit the split-line model relationship between soil Olsen-P and leachable P, and greatly improve the calculating efficiency for soil P leaching CP value. Additionally, the obtained CP value can be used for soil P leaching risk assessment, which can provide support for the quantitative study of soil P leaching loss and the control technology of soil P leaching loss.

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A tool (SPOLERC) to guide the evaluation of phosphorus leaching for agricultural soil by using the change point value in the Xingkai Lake Basin, China

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-021-00572-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zijian Xie ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

Chun Ye ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Weiwei Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Change Point ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Phosphorus Leaching ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

Calculation Process ◽

P Leaching ◽

Leaching Risk

Abstract Background The soil P leaching change point (CP) has been widely used to evaluate soil P leaching risk. However, an automation calculation method for soil P leaching CP value, and an effective risk grading method performed for classifying soil P leaching risk evaluation have not been developed. Results This study optimized the calculation process for soil P leaching CP value with two different fitting models. Subsequently, based on the Python programming language, a computation tool named Soil Phosphorus Leaching Risk Calculator (SPOLERC) was developed for soil P leaching risk assessment. SPOLERC not only embedded the calculation process of the soil P leaching CP value, but also introduced the single factor index (SFI) method to grade the soil P leaching risk level. The relationships between the soil Olsen-P and leachable P were fitted by using SPOLERC in paddy soils and arid agricultural soils in the Xingkai Lake Basin, and the results showed that there was a good linear fitting relationship between the soil Olsen-P and leachable P; and the CP values were 59.63 and 35.35 mg Olsen-P kg−1 for paddy soils and arid agricultural soils, respectively. Additionally, 32.7, 21.8, and 3.64% of arid agricultural soil samples were at low risk, medium risk, and high risk of P leaching, and 40.6% of paddy soil samples were at low risk. Conclusions SPOLERC can accurately fit the split-line model relationship between the soil Olsen-P and leachable P, and greatly improved the calculation efficiency for the soil P leaching CP value. Additionally, the obtained CP value can be used for soil P leaching risk assessment, which could help recognize key area of soil P leaching.

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Indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus from Canadian agricultural land

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.064 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 303-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

E. van Bochove ◽

G. Thériault ◽

F. Dechmi ◽

A.N. Rousseau ◽

R. Quilbé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Contamination ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Soil Test ◽

Soil P ◽

Soil Test P ◽

P Balance ◽

Balance Factor

The indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus (IROWC_P) is designed to estimate where the risk of water P contamination by agriculture is high, and how this risk is changing over time based on the five-year period of data Census frequency. Firstly developed for the province of Quebec (2000), this paper presents an improved version of IROWC_P (intended to be released in 2008), which will be extended to all watersheds and Soil Landscape of Canada (SLC) polygons (scale 1:1, 000, 000) with more than 5% of agriculture. There are three objectives: (i) create a soil phosphorus saturation database for dominant and subdominant soil series of SLC polygons – the soil P saturation values are estimated by the ratio of soil test P to soil P sorption capacity; (ii) calculate an annual P balance considering crop residue P, manure P, and inorganic fertilizer P – agricultural and manure management practices will also be considered; and (iii) develop a transport-hydrology component including P transport estimation by runoff mechanisms (water balance factor, topographic index) and soil erosion, and the area connectivity to water (artificial drainage, soil macropores, and surface water bodies).

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Environmental risk indicators for soil phosphorus status

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr10140 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 247 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

P. W. Moody

Keyword(s):

Environmental Risk ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Single Point ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

Soils And Sediments ◽

Optimum Productivity ◽

Highly Correlated

Biologically available phosphorus (P) is divided operationally into two sources, dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable particulate P (BPP). Dilute CaCl2-extractable soil P (CaCl2-P) is considered to be the benchmark method for estimating DRP in soils, whereas P desorbed to iron-oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) is the benchmark method for BPP in soils and sediments. Neither of these methods is in routine use in Australia. Selected soil P analyses were carried out on 31 diverse surface soils to develop relationships between the environmental benchmark methods and the routine soil P tests of Colwell-P, Olsen-P, and the single-point P buffer index (PBI). The index (Colwell-P/PBI) was highly correlated with CaCl2-P (r = 0.925, P < 0.001), and both Olsen-P and Colwell-P were highly correlated with FeO-P (r = 0.955 and 0.828, respectively; P < 0.001). It is suggested that these measures can be used as environmental risk indicators for soil P status. The critical values of these measures for optimum productivity were compared to the values of these measures corresponding to threshold values of currently used environmental risk indicators.

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Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr19203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Musibau O. Azeez ◽

Gitte Holton Rubæk ◽

Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen ◽

Bent T. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Rock Phosphate ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Available P ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

Extractable P ◽

P Application ◽

Plant Available P ◽

Water Extractable

Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for >100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for >100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.

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Changes in soil phosphorus availability and potential phosphorus loss following cessation of phosphorus fertiliser inputs

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr13168 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 427 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. J. Dodd ◽

R. W. McDowell ◽

L. M. Condron

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

P Loss ◽

P Concentration ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

P Retention

Long-term application of phosphorus (P) fertilisers to agricultural soils can lead to in the accumulation of P in soil. Determining the rate of decline in soil P following the cessation of P fertiliser inputs is critical to evaluating the potential for reducing P loss to surface waters. The aim of this study was to use isotope exchange kinetics to investigate the rate of decline in soil P pools and the distribution of P within these pools in grazed grassland soils following a halt to P fertiliser application. Soils were sourced from three long-term grassland trials in New Zealand, two of which were managed as sheep-grazed pasture and one where the grass was regularly cut and removed. There was no significant change in total soil P over the duration of each trial between any of the treatments, although there was a significant decrease in total inorganic P on two of the sites accompanied by an increase in the organic P pool, suggesting that over time P was becoming occluded within organic matter, reducing the plant availability. An equation was generated using the soil-P concentration exchangeable within 1 min (E1 min) and P retention of the soil to predict the time it would take for the water-extractable P (WEP) concentration to decline to a target value protective of water quality. This was compared with a similar equation generated in the previous study, which used the initial Olsen-P concentration and P retention as a predictor. The use of E1 min in place of Olsen-P did not greatly improve the fit of the model, and we suggest that the use of Olsen-P is sufficient to predict the rate of decline in WEP. Conversely, pasture production data, available for one of the trial sites, suggest that E1 min may be a better predictor of dry matter yield than Olsen-P.

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Effects of biochar application and irrigation rate on the soil phosphorus leaching risk of fluvisol profiles in open vegetable fields

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147973 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147973

Author(s):

Zijian Xie ◽

Xiaosong Yang ◽

Xiaolei Sun ◽

Lijuan Huang ◽

Songyan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Leaching ◽

Irrigation Rate ◽

Leaching Risk

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Soil phosphorus and relationship to phosphorus balance under long-term fertilization

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/709/2017-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 214-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sun Benhua ◽

Cui Quanhong ◽

Guo Yun ◽

Yang Xueyun ◽

Zhang Shulan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

P Balance ◽

Activation Coefficient ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

Temporal changes in the concentrations of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil (Olsen-P), total soil-P and P activation coefficient (the ratio of Olsen-P to residual-P (i.e. an approximation to total-P)) were measured in plots that received consistent inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus organic fertilizers annually. Maize and winter wheat crops were grown in rotation for 24 years. Olsen-P and P activation coefficient declined significantly in the earlier years (< 12 years) for treatments that did not include any P fertilizer, and increased over the same period for the P-fertilized treatments. The rates of change in the Olsen-P and P activation coefficient values were positively related to P balance. In the later years, the Olsen-P and P activation coefficient plateau values were positively related to the P balance.

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