scholarly journals Evaluating Elimination Thresholds and Stopping Criteria for Interventions Against the Vector-borne Macroparasitic Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Using Mathematical Modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarnali Sharma ◽  
Morgan Smith ◽  
Edwin Michael
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Stopping Criteria ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Right ◽  
Full Consideration

Abstract We leverage the ability of the EPIFIL transmission model fit to field data for allowing calculations of the probabilities of transmission elimination and recrudescence once infection levels are predicted to fall below the threshold used in the WHO Transmission Assessment Surveys (TAS) versus site-specific model-estimated thresholds to evaluate the implications of using these thresholds for making Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) intervention stopping decisions. Our results, overall, indicate that understanding the underlying parasite transmission and extinction dynamics will be crucial for choosing the right intervention stopping thresholds, and indeed the right interventions connected with these thresholds, if we are to bring about the sustainable elimination of LF. They also warn that applying stopping criteria set for operational purposes without a full consideration of population dynamics, as employed in the current TAS strategy, could, by risking infection recrudescence especially over the long-term, seriously undermine the goal of achieving global LF elimination.

scholarly journals Issues in Delivering Morbidity Management for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination: A Study in Pondicherry, South India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krishna Kumari ◽  
Yuvaraj J ◽  
L. K Das
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
South India ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Full Swing

Lymphatic filariasis is a vector borne parasitic disease causing long term disability. The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis aims to achieve its objective through two strategies; Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to interrupt transmission and Morbidity Management (MM) to manage disability for those already affected. MDA is going on in full swing in endemic areas; but MM is lagging behind. An exploratory study was conducted in Pondicherry through focus group discussions to find out whether there are delivery issues if any, in the MM programme and get suggestions from end users. The study results show that MM has not received the same attention as MDA and there are shortcomings in the delivery mechanism of the programme. The importance of these findings are discussed and suggestions given for improving the programme.

scholarly journals Morbidity Management and Disability Prevention of Lymphatic Filariasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A Sangamithra ◽  
P Dhavamani
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Morbid Condition ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
The World ◽  
Vector Borne

Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) vector-borne, chronically disabling parasitic contamination inflicting elephantiasis, lymphoedema, and hydrocele, is a leading public strength convenience as nicely as serious socioeconomic trouble due to its morbid condition, social stigma, and massive financial loss in many creating nations, and this sickness has been ranked as the second primary purpose of long-term continual incapacity worldwide. World Health Assembly decision in 1997 for Eliminate of Lymphatic Filariasis (ELF) via 2020 made all the filaria endemic nations in the world put efforts for its removing with the aid of regularly decreasing and finally interrupting the transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF). Another lookup is wished to aid efforts to ‘scale-up morbidity manipulation and incapacity alleviation programs at the countrywide stage and to report the extent to which anti-filarial drug cure influences the direction of filariasis associated disorder.

Library performance continuum and the imperative of meta-evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Gaspar Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Of Assessment ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dissemination Of Results

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to characterize performance evaluation dynamics developed in Lisbon Municipal Libraries Network (LMLN) over a two-decade period (1989-2009), using a specific model and tools of (meta-)analysis. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a methodology eminently qualitative supported by a combination of research methods (literature review, construction and application of conceptual models for analysis and case study), the author examined LMLN's performance evaluation progress, focusing on the diachronic study of evaluative processes – the performance evaluation dynamics. Findings – Between 1989 and 2009, LMLN developed four main performance evaluation dynamics. The most significant results that emerged from the examination of these dynamics relate to the following elements of the model of analysis Dynamics and Impacts of Library Performance Evaluation (DILPE): evaluation objects and methods; organization; and dissemination of results. The study also emphasized the importance of some factors to dynamics sustainability: the presence of a permanent coordination team, in the direct dependency of the head of library services, with the right competences; the existence of a culture of assessment; and the commitment of leadership with performance evaluation. Originality/value – The meta-evaluative approach and particularly the focus on the long-term development of evaluative theories and practices, contributes to the enlargement of the international corpus on library performance evaluation. On the other hand, the analytical model and conceptual tools created might be useful to other researchers/practitioners willing to meta-evaluate library performance evaluation dynamics.

scholarly journals Clinical Study of 107 Hospitalized Patients with Peritonsillar Abscess

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e11-e16
Author(s):  
Risa Wakisaka ◽  
Takumi Kumai ◽  
Kan Kishibe ◽  
Miki Takahara ◽  
Akihiro Katada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Laryngeal Edema ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Inferior Pole ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Pole

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of 107 cases of peritonsillar abscess treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Data on age, sex, affected site, duration of hospitalization, method of drainage, presence/absence of laryngeal edema, antibacterial drugs used, and isolated bacteria were analyzed. Of the 107 patients, 71 were males and 36 were females; the median age was 44 years (range: 18–88 years).The left side was affected in 55 patients, the right side in 50 patients, and both sides in two patients. The abscess was localized in the superior pole in 71 patients, and in the inferior pole in 36 patients. Thirty-five patients had laryngeal edema, of which three underwent tracheotomy. Recurrence of the abscess was observed in 15 cases, with the recurrence developing within 3 months in 7 cases, and over a period of 3 years in 4 cases. As for the sensitivity of the causative bacteria to antibacterial drugs, 17% of the causative bacteria showed resistance to clindamycin, while none showed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT). We concluded that ABPC/SBT might be suitable for the initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess, and that we need to bear in mind the possibility of long-term recurrence.

Physiological Pacing: A New Road to Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 263246362097804
Author(s):  
Vanita Arora ◽  
Pawan Suri
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Pacing ◽  
His Bundle ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Pacing Lead ◽  
The Right

Anatomy and physiology are the basis of human body functioning and as we have progressed in management of various diseases, we have understood that physiological intervention is always better than an anatomical one. For more than 50 years, a standard approach to permanent cardiac pacing has been an anatomical placement of transvenous pacing lead at the right ventricular apex with a proven benefit of restoring the rhythm. However, the resultant ventricular dyssynchrony on the long-term follow-up in patients requiring more than 40% ventricular pacing led to untoward side effects in the form of heart failure and arrhythmias. To counter such adverse side effects, a need for physiological cardiac pacing wherein the electrical impulse be transmitted directly through the normal conduction system was sought. His bundle pacing (HBP) with an intriguing alternative of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is aimed at restoring such physiological activation of ventricles. HBP is safe, efficacious, and feasible; however, localization and placement of a pacing lead at the His bundle is challenging with existing transvenous systems due to its small anatomic size, surrounding fibrous tissue, long-learning curve, and the concern remains about lead dislodgement and progressive electrical block distal to the HBP lead. In this article, we aim to take the reader through the challenging journey of HBP with focus upon the hardware and technique, selective versus nonselective HBP, indications and potential disadvantages, and finally the future prospects.

scholarly journals QOL-09. WHOLE-BRAIN WHITE MATTER NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IS DISRUPTED BY PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii432-iii432
Author(s):  
Adeoye Oyefiade ◽  
Kiran Beera ◽  
Iska Moxon-Emre ◽  
Jovanka Skocic ◽  
Ute Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Betweeness Centrality

Abstract INTRODUCTION Treatments for pediatric brain tumors (PBT) are neurotoxic and lead to long-term deficits that are driven by the perturbation of underlying white matter (WM). It is unclear if and how treatment may impair WM connectivity across the entire brain. METHODS Magnetic resonance images from 41 PBT survivors (mean age: 13.19 years, 53% M) and 41 typically developing (TD) children (mean age: 13.32 years, 51% M) were analyzed. Image reconstruction, segmentation, and node parcellation were completed in FreeSurfer. DTI maps and probabilistic streamline generation were completed in MRtrix3. Connectivity matrices were based on the number of streamlines connecting two nodes and the mean DTI (FA) index across streamlines. We used graph theoretical analyses to define structural differences between groups, and random forest (RF) analyses to identify hubs that reliably classify PBT and TD children. RESULTS For survivors treated with radiation, betweeness centrality was greater in the left insular (p < 0.000) but smaller in the right pallidum (p < 0.05). For survivors treated without radiation (surgery-only), betweeness centrality was smaller in the right interparietal sulcus (p < 0.05). RF analyses showed that differences in WM connectivity from the right pallidum to other parts of the brain reliably classified PBT survivors from TD children (classification accuracy = 77%). CONCLUSIONS The left insular, right pallidum, and right inter-parietal sulcus are structurally perturbed hubs in PBT survivors. WM connectivity from the right pallidum is vulnerable to the long-term effects of treatment for PBT.

scholarly journals Analysis and Forecasts of the Demand for Imported Wine in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552098107
Author(s):  
Anyu Liu ◽  
Haiyan Song
Keyword(s):  
Single Equation ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
Wine Demand

The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s imported wine demand and to forecast wine imports from 2019 to 2023 using econometric methods. Auto-regressive distributed lag models are developed based on neoclassical economic demand theory to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wine from the top five countries of origin. The empirical results demonstrate that income is the most important determinant of China’s imported wine demand, and that price only plays a significant role in a few markets. Substitute and complement effects are identified between wines from different countries of origin and between imported wines and other liquids. China’s imported wine demand is expected to maintain its rapid growth over the forecast period. Bottled wine will continue to dominate China’s imported wine market. France will have the largest market share in the bottled wine market, Spain will be the largest provider of bulk wine, and Italy will hold the same position for sparkling wine. This is the first study to use a single equation with the general to specific method rather than a system of equations to estimate and forecast China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wines from different countries of origin. The more specific model setting for each country of origin improves forecasting accuracy.

scholarly journals Long term follow-up of inguinal endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
BoRan Mu ◽  
ZhiQiang Zhang ◽  
Chongdong Liu ◽  
Kunning Zhang ◽  
ShuHong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Uterosacral Ligament ◽  
Round Ligament ◽  
Pelvic Endometriosis ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
Peritoneal Endometriosis ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Inguinal endometriosis (IEM) is a rare extra pelvic endometriosis. Here, we study the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and long-term gynecological outcomes of IEM patients at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Case presentation Three patients presented with a total of four lesions (one on the left side, one on the right side, and one bilaterally). The diameters of the four lesions were 2 cm, 2 cm, 3.5 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Two patients were admitted with inguinal hernias. Two patients were admitted with endometrioses—one with ovarian endometriosis and one with pelvic endometriosis. The hernia sac was repaired concomitantly via excision of the round ligament in two patients. One patient underwent a concomitant laparoscopy for gynecologic evaluations, including an ablation to the peritoneal endometriosis, and resection of the left uterosacral ligament endometriosis and pelvic adhesiolysis. All lesions were located on the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament and were diagnosed histologically. No recurrence was observed in the inguinal region. All patients diagnosed with adenomyosis were treated with medication alone without any complaints. Conclusions Inguinal endometriosis can occur simultaneously with pelvic endometriosis. In most cases, a concomitant hernia sac appears together with groin endometriosis. Clinical management should be individualized and performed in tandem with general practitioners and obstetrics & gynecology experts. Pelvic disease, in particular, should be followed-up by a gynecologist.

scholarly journals Concomitant Partial Achilles Tendon Rupture and Lateral Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Muscle Tendon in a Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e37-e40
Author(s):  
Hélène Dosseray ◽  
Claire Deroy-Bordenave
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Fixation Screw ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report a posttraumatic partial Achilles tendon (AT) rupture associated with lateral luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in a Whippet. This article is a brief communication. A Whippet was presented with posttraumatic plantigrade stance and non-load-bearing lameness of the right pelvic limb. The objective findings consisted in partial AT rupture and SDFT lateral luxation. Surgical treatment ensued: tenorrhaphy of the torn tendons and calcaneo-tibial screw insertion for tarsal immobilization, followed by suturing of the SDFT retinaculum. A casting bandage was employed for additional immobilization. Nonetheless, a bandage complication prompted the premature removal of the fixation screw and casting wrap. Complete functional recovery was achieved by the 20th postoperative week. The simultaneous occurrence of SDFT luxation and partial AT tear has not been reported in the literature before. The long-term postoperative functional outcome was highly satisfactory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document