scholarly journals Differential Bumble Bee Gene Expression Associated With Pathogen Infection And Pollen Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Giacomini ◽  
Lynn S. Adler ◽  
Benjamin J. Reading ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Pollen Extract ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Pollen Consumption

Abstract Background: Diet and parasitism can have powerful effects on host gene expression. However, how specific dietary components affect host gene expression that could feed back to affect parasitism is relatively unexplored in many wild species. Recently, it was discovered that consumption of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollen reduced severity of gut protozoan pathogen Crithidia bombi infection in Bombus impatiens bumble bees. Despite the dramatic and consistent medicinal effect of sunflower pollen, very little is known about the mechanism(s) underlying this effect. However, sunflower pollen extract increases rather than suppresses C. bombi growth in vitro, suggesting that sunflower pollen reduces C. bombi infection indirectly via changes in the host. Here, we analyzed whole transcriptomes of B. impatiens workers to characterize the physiological response to sunflower pollen consumption and C. bombi infection to isolate the mechanisms underlying the medicinal effect. B. impatiens workers were inoculated with either C. bombi cells (infected) or a sham control (un-infected) and fed either sunflower or wildflower pollen ad libitum. Whole abdominal gene expression profiles were then sequenced with Illumina NextSeq 500 technology. Results: Among infected bees, sunflower pollen upregulated immune transcripts, including the anti-microbial peptide hymenoptaecin, Toll receptors and serine proteases. In both infected and un-infected bees, sunflower pollen upregulated putative detoxification transcripts and transcripts associated with the repair and maintenance of gut epithelial cells. Among wildflower-fed bees, infected bees downregulated immune transcripts associated with phagocytosis and the phenoloxidase cascade. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate dissimilar immune responses between sunflower- and wildflower-fed bumble bees infected with C. bombi, a response to physical damage to gut epithelial cells caused by sunflower pollen, and a strong detoxification response to sunflower pollen consumption. Identifying host responses that drive the medicinal effect of sunflower pollen in infected bumble bees may broaden our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions and provide opportunities for effective management of bee pathogens.

scholarly journals PI3K/mTOR and topoisomerase inhibitors with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robert White ◽  
Michael Bonner Foote ◽  
Justin Jee ◽  
Guillem Argilés ◽  
Jonathan C.M. Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Topoisomerase Inhibitors ◽  
Potential Activity

There is an urgent need to identify therapies to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed a statistical evaluation of in vitro gene expression profiles reflecting exposure to 1,835 drugs, and found topoisomerase inhibitors and PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors among the strongest candidates for reduced expression of ACE2, a host gene associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Retrospective clinical data suggest that patients on these agents may be less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Small Hydrophobic Protein of Human Metapneumovirus Does Not Affect Virus Replication and Host Gene Expression In Vitro

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e58572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda de Graaf ◽  
Sander Herfst ◽  
Jamil Aarbiou ◽  
Peter C. Burgers ◽  
Fatiha Zaaraoui-Boutahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Hydrophobic Protein ◽  
Small Hydrophobic Protein ◽  
Small Hydrophobic

Modeling of SEB-induced host gene expression to correlate in vitro to in vivo responses

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Hammamieh ◽  
Shuguang Bi ◽  
Rina Das ◽  
Roger Neill ◽  
Marti Jett
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression

scholarly journals A prevalent and culturable microbiota links ecological balance to clinical stability of the human lung after transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Das ◽  
Eric Bernasconi ◽  
Angela Koutsokera ◽  
Daniel-Adrien Wurlod ◽  
Vishwachi Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Clinical Stability

AbstractThere is accumulating evidence that the lower airway microbiota impacts lung health. However, the link between microbial community composition and lung homeostasis remains elusive. We combine amplicon sequencing and bacterial culturing to characterize the viable bacterial community in 234 longitudinal bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 64 lung transplant recipients and establish links to viral loads, host gene expression, lung function, and transplant health. We find that the lung microbiota post-transplant can be categorized into four distinct compositional states, ‘pneumotypes’. The predominant ‘balanced’ pneumotype is characterized by a diverse bacterial community with moderate viral loads, and host gene expression profiles suggesting immune tolerance. The other three pneumotypes are characterized by being either microbiota-depleted, or dominated by potential pathogens, and are linked to increased immune activity, lower respiratory function, and increased risks of infection and rejection. Collectively, our findings establish a link between the lung microbial ecosystem, human lung function, and clinical stability post-transplant.

scholarly journals Host gene expression profiles in ferrets infected with genetically distinct henipavirus strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0006343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Leon ◽  
Viktoriya Borisevich ◽  
Nahal Boroumand ◽  
Robert Seymour ◽  
Rebecca Nusbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression

scholarly journals Biological Threat Detection via Host Gene Expression Profiling

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baochuan Lin ◽  
Maryanne T Vahey ◽  
Dzung Thach ◽  
David A Stenger ◽  
Joseph J Pancrazio
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Detection Techniques

Abstract With the increased threat posed by biological weapons, detection techniques for biothreat pathogens are critically needed to monitor and assess the severity of the illness once exposure has occurred. Current approaches for detecting biological threats are either time-consuming or highly specific but provide little information regarding pathogenicity. Genotyping of pathogens by PCR provides a fast and definitive means for identifying pathogens, but reliance on pathogen genotypic endpoints has several limitations. Current progress in DNA microarrays technology provides an alternative way to address the issues faced by traditional detection systems through host gene expression profiles of peripheral blood cells. We discuss the advantages and critical issues facing the use of host gene expression profiling for biological threat detection.

scholarly journals A prevalent and culturable microbiota links ecological balance to clinical stability of the human lung after transplantation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Das ◽  
Eric Bernasconi ◽  
Angela Koutsokera ◽  
Daniel-Adrien Wurlod ◽  
Vishwachi Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Clinical Stability

SummaryThere is accumulating evidence that the lower airway microbiota impacts lung health. However, the link between microbial community composition and lung homeostasis remains elusive. We combined amplicon sequencing and culturomics to characterize the viable bacterial community in 234 longitudinal bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 64 lung transplant recipients and established links to viral loads, host gene expression, lung function, and transplant health. We find that the lung microbiota post-transplant can be categorized into four distinct compositional states, ‘pneumotypes’. The predominant ‘balanced’ pneumotype was characterized by a diverse bacterial community with moderate viral loads, and host gene expression profiles suggesting immune tolerance. The other three pneumotypes were characterized by being either microbiota-depleted, or dominated by potential pathogens, and were linked to increased immune activity, lower respiratory function, and increased risks of infection and rejection. Collectively, our findings establish a link between the lung microbial ecosytem, human lung function, and clinical stability post-transplant.Graphical abstract

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