scholarly journals Experimental Infection of Domestic Cats with Feline Herpesvirus-1 Strain CH-B Isolated from British Shorthair Cat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangting Niu ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Yanbing Guo ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Abstract Background: Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a most common virus that cause viral rhinotracheitis and ocular diseases in domestic cats and wild felids. As other alpha-herpesviruses, acute FHV-1 infection is responsible for severe upper respiratory tract and ocular disease, followed by lifelong latency that persist the limited virus in sensory neuronal cells. While latency reactivation can result in recrudescence, leading sever ocular lesions. Hence, FHV-1 infection in cats can be considered as a good natural host model to study alpha-herpesvirus pathogenesis. Results: In this study, the FHV-1 CH-B was isolated from nasal discharge collected from a British shorthair cat in China, and was further identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and genome analysis. Experimental infection of domestic cats with different dose of isolate CH-B, ranging from 104 to 107 TCID50, showed that cats inoculated with 105 TCID50 not only showed typical upper respiratory track and ocular symptoms, but also could copy the progress of disease development. Therefore, the FHV-1 infection model was established by intranasally inoculated with 105 TCID50 of FHV-1 isolate CH-B. Infected cats began to show clinical signs at days 5 post inoculated (dpi), developed severe upper respiratory tract and ocular symptoms at 10-15 dpi, began to recover at 20 dpi, and recovered almost completely by 25 dpi. During acute infection period, virus mainly replicates in turbinate, conjunctiva, cornea and sensory neuronal cells, while virus only persists in trigeminal ganglia (TG) at lifelong latency. Viremia and viral infections in lungs do not appear in FHV-1 CH-B infected cats, with only one exception. We also demonstrate that FHV-1 CH-B infection can induce severe inflammatory responses and lung, trachea, and tonsils tissues damage in cats. In addition, we found that FHV-1 infected cats can shed virus via nasal and ocular discharge, resulting FHV-1 infection in in-contact cats. Conclusions: This natural host model of FHV-1 infection will be valuable for the screen and assessment of antiviral drugs and vaccines, as well as the studies of the pathogenesis of alpha-herpesvirus infection in animals and humans.

Prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis and Mycoplasma felis DNA and associated risk factors in cats in Spain with upper respiratory tract disease, conjunctivitis and/or gingivostomatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Fernandez ◽  
Edgar G Manzanilla ◽  
Albert Lloret ◽  
Marta León ◽  
Jean-Christophe Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Objectives Our objective was to perform the first multicentric study in Spain to evaluate the prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydophila felis and Mycoplasma felis in cats with upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), conjunctivitis and/or gingivostomatitis (GS) compared with control cats; and to evaluate risk factors for these clinical conditions. Methods Conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs were collected and a questionnaire regarding signalment, lifestyle, vaccination history and clinical signs was obtained for each cat. Swabs were tested for each pathogen by real-time PCR. Results The study population consisted of 358 cats, including 98 control cats. Among the 260 diseased cats, 127 cats presented with URTD, 149 cats had conjunctivitis, 154 cats were suffering GS; many cats presented more than one clinical condition. The prevalence observed of FHV-1, FCV, C felis and M felis was, respectively, 28.3%, 48.0%, 20.5% and 46.5% in cats with URTD; 24.2%, 43.6%, 19.5% and 38.3% in cats with conjunctivitis; and 15.6%, 58.4%, 9.1% and 37.7% in cats with GS. Prevalences in the control group were 6.1%, 15.3%, 2.0% and 20.4%, respectively. Coinfections were common among all groups of cats. Risk factors were identified for all groups. FHV-1, FCV and C felis were associated with URTD and conjunctivitis. FCV was strongly associated with GS. M felis was present in a high percentage of the population in all groups, but its role in these clinical conditions remains uncertain. Vaccination was protective for URTD and GS but not for conjunctivitis. Conclusions and relevance This epidemiological study describes, for the first time, prevalence for FHV-1, FCV, C felis and M felis in Spain. In general, the prevalences found are similar to those reported in other countries. Factors associated with disease expression were also identified, which are relevant for practitioners.

scholarly journals Bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D expression in bovine upper respiratory tract mediated by a human adenovirus type 5

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Gogev ◽  
Jean-Pierre Georgin ◽  
Fr�d�ric Schynts ◽  
Alain Vanderplasschen ◽  
Etienne Thiry
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Glycoprotein D ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Adenovirus Type 5

scholarly journals The Upper Respiratory Tract of Felids Is Highly Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10636
Author(s):  
Nadine Krüger ◽  
Cheila Rocha ◽  
Sandra Runft ◽  
Johannes Krüger ◽  
Iris Färber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Changes Detection ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Air Liquid Interface

Natural or experimental infection of domestic cats and virus transmission from humans to captive predatory cats suggest that felids are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is unclear which cells and compartments of the respiratory tract are infected. To address this question, primary cell cultures derived from the nose, trachea, and lungs of cat and lion were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Strong viral replication was observed for nasal mucosa explants and tracheal air–liquid interface cultures, whereas replication in lung slices was less efficient. Infection was mainly restricted to epithelial cells and did not cause major pathological changes. Detection of high ACE2 levels in the nose and trachea but not lung further suggests that susceptibility of feline tissues to SARS-CoV-2 correlates with ACE2 expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the feline upper respiratory tract ex vivo and thus highlights the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spillover from humans to felids.

Lesions Produced by Feline Picornaviruses of Different Virulence in Pathogen-Free Cats

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Hoover ◽  
D. E. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Kidney Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Sixteen pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to either of two feline picornavirus isolates. The isolates used were picornavirus-255 and kidney-cell-degenerating virus. These viruses were selected to represent picornavirus prototypes of high and low virulence, respectively. Picornavirus-255 consistently produced depression, anorexia, and pneumonia. There were no lesions in the upper respiratory tract or conjunctiva, nor were there clinical signs of upper respiratory disease. The pulmonary lesions began as multifocal exudative pneumonia that progressed rapidly to interstitial pneumonia characterized by marked adenomatoid proliferation of pneumocytes. Three weeks after exposure the pulmonary lesions were principally resolved. It also produced discrete lingual and palatine ulcers that were easily detected. Experimental infection with kidney-cell-degenerating virus resulted only in transient fever and tiny vesicles and ulcerations of the lingual and tonsillar mucosae that could easily escape detection. No significant respiratory lesions were induced by kidney cell degenerating virus.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE VIRUS OF INFLUENZA

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Dochez ◽  
K. C. Mills ◽  
Yale Kneeland
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Prolonged Cultivation ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Culture Virus

1. Evidence is presented indicating the presence of a filtrable virus in the nasopharyngeal secretions of individuals suffering from influenza. 2. An attempt to transfer influenza from one human being to another by means of filtered nasopharyngeal washings resulted in the production in the inoculated volunteer of a common cold. 3. A filtrable agent has been cultivated in tissue medium from the filtered nasopharyngeal washings of patients with influenza. 4. Inoculation of the cultivated virus into human volunteers results for the most part in the production of a severe common cold with a tendency to pronounced constitutional reaction. 5. In one instance following inoculation of culture virus an infection clinically resembling influenza has been produced. 6. The more closely the source of the virus approached the type of epidemic influenza, the more likely the virus was to provoke constitutional symptoms. 7. The presence of certain pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of inoculated individuals was not observed to modify the course or character of the experimental infection. 8. On prolonged cultivation the virus loses the capacity to infect human volunteers.

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