scholarly journals Preliminary Morphological Study and Food Uptake Experiment for Transmission of Gregarine Infection from Infected Bivalves, Anadara cornea (Reeve, 1844) to the Mud Crab Genus Scylla as an Intermediate Host.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Ihwan Zakariah ◽  
Hassan Mohd Daud ◽  
Marina Hassan ◽  
Reuben Kumar Sunil Sharma ◽  
Mhd. IKhwanuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Food Uptake ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Uptake Experiment ◽  
Preliminary Study

Abstract Objective: Research about gregarine become important due to the problem reported by this parasite especially in commercial bivalve i.e. Oyster. Diagnose of these parasites are important to secure the aquaculture industry in the future. Due to the advanced technologies nowadays, this research regarding to these parasites are become relevant to be study. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence of gregarine parasites in wild mud crab and the food uptake transmission of gregarine infection from infected bivalves, Anadara cornea (Reeve, 1844) to the mud crab genus Scylla. Result: Preliminary study show that high prevalence of infection was reported in the Hairy Cockle (Anadara cornea) from Setiu Lagoon, Malaysia. From the analysis, the infection intensity was high and each phagocyte (Pha) contain maximum of 15 oocyst (Oc). Each oocyst has a single cell wall, longitudinal shape and contained sporozoite (Sz). Parasitophorous Vacuole (Pv) cover by membrane wall. There is no transmission of parasites reported in this experiment.

scholarly journals Occurrence of porcine cysticercosis in free-ranging pigs delivered to slaughter points in Arapai, Soroti district, Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Justine Ekou
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Poverty, hunger and the need for production of pigs with meagre or zero inputs have made most farmers release their pigs to range freely, thus creating a pig-human cycle that maintains Taenia solium, the pig tapeworm and cause of porcine cysticercosis, in the ecosystem. A preliminary study was designed to establish the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis by postmortem examination of the tongue and carcass of free-range pigs from February to April 2014 in Arapai subcounty, Soroti district, eastern Uganda. The tongue of each pig was extended and examined before deep incisions were made and the cut surfaces were examined. The rest of the carcasses were examined for cysts. Out of 178 pigs examined, 32 were qualitatively positive for porcine cysticercosis, representing a prevalence of 18.0%. This high prevalence represents a marked risk to the communities in the study area of neurocysticercosis, a debilitating parasitic zoonosis. Proper human waste disposal by use of pit latrines, confinement of free-range pigs and treatment with albendazole and oxfendazole are recommended.

Is cestode infection intensity associated with decreased body condition in the Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola?

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
C. Sánchez-García ◽  
E. Harris ◽  
A.C. Deacon ◽  
R. Bray ◽  
A.N. Hoodless
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Scolopax Rusticola ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Dietary Component

AbstractThe Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola is a widespread woodland specialist and a widely harvested quarry species throughout its European wintering areas, including Britain. Woodcock are prone to cestodiasis, but prevalence levels and possible effects on body condition remain under-studied. We studied the prevalence, abundance and intensity of cestodiasis in 161 woodcock harvested in four British regions in December and January during two consecutive winters (2013/14 and 2014/15). Cestodiasis prevalence was 90%, and there was no difference in prevalence between birds harvested in Cornwall, Wessex, East Anglia and Scotland. High prevalence levels were explained by the fact that earthworms (Lumbricidae) are intermediate hosts for some cestode species and also the most important dietary component of woodcock. The distribution of cestodiasis in woodcock was aggregated, such that when using the total length of cestodes per sample to measure abundance, 65% of the birds had less than 80 cm. Cestodiasis abundance varied between sexes across regions but the intensity was not affected by region, sex, age or their interactions. The intensity of cestodiasis was positively correlated with fresh weight and pectoral mass, while no significant correlation was found with the abdominal fat pad. Our results suggest that, despite high prevalence levels and intensity of cestodiasis in woodcock, host body condition is not significantly affected and hence it is unlikely that cestodiasis has a major effect on woodcock population dynamics.

scholarly journals Preliminary Monitoring of Praziquantel in Water and Sediments at a Japanese Amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata) Aquaculture Site

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ido ◽  
Motohisa Kanemaru ◽  
Yoshiharu Tanioka
Keyword(s):  
Active Compound ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Detectable Limit ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Preliminary Study

Praziquantel (PZQ), an active compound against Platyhelminthes, is an essential anthelmintic for the aquaculture industry. However, there are few reports of the environmental risks of PZQ use in aquaculture. In this study, we monitored PZQ in water and sediment at an aquaculture site of Japanese amberjack, also called yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). Although PZQ was detected in water during treatment and 3 days post-treatment, PZQ levels were below the detectable limit in water 60 m from the net pen during the treatment, and in all sediment samples. In this preliminary study, we could not detect residue of PZQ from sediments in the aquaculture site, and no evidence about environmental effect of PZQ administration was obtained.

scholarly journals Perkinsus beihaiensis (Perkinsozoa) in oysters of Bahia State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. A. Luz ◽  
F. S. Carvalho ◽  
H. C. Oliveira ◽  
G. Boehs
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crassostrea Rhizophorae ◽  
Macroscopic Analysis

Abstract This study reports the pathogen Perkinsus beihaiensis in oysters of the genus Crassostrea on the coast of the State of Bahia (Brazil), its prevalence, infection intensity and correlation with salinity. Oysters (n = 240) were collected between October and December 2014 at eight sampling stations between latitudes 13°55'S and 15°42'S. The laboratory procedures included macroscopic analysis, histology, culture in Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. PCR and sequencing have been used for the genetic identification of oysters as well. Two species of oysters have been identified: Crassostrea rhizophorae and C. brasiliana. In both oyster species P. beihaiensis was the only Perkinsus species detected. In C. rhizophorae, the average prevalence was 82.8% by histology and 65.2% by RFTM. In C. brasiliana, the prevalences were 70.5% and 35.7%, respectively. The higher prevalence of P. beihaiensis in C. rhizophorae was probably influenced by salinity, with which was positively correlated (r> 0.8). In both oysters, P. beihaiensis was located mainly in the gastric epithelium. The infection was generally mild or moderate, without apparent harm to the hosts, but in cases of severe infection, there was hemocytical reaction and tissue disorganization. The generally high prevalence in the region suggests that oysters should be monitored with respect to this pathogen, especially in growing areas.

The role of social desirability in the assessment of mnestic and metacognitive efficiencies in adulthood: a preliminary study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1175-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Fastame ◽  
M.P. Penna ◽  
B. Leone ◽  
C. Puddu
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Preliminary Study

Ageing is part of a continuum which is characterized by developmental and emotional changes as well as cognitive losses and gains. There is evidence that the perception of life quality in the elders is influenced by the level of efficiency of cognitive functions and personal beliefs on the senescence (e.g., De Beni, 2009). Indeed, when the early cognitive decline is negatively perceived, the late adults tend to show low self-esteem, social retirement, depression, low general life satisfaction. Overall, in geriatric studies scales designed to detect subjective psychological well-being are usually administrated ignoring the disturbing effect of several factors, such as the socially desirable responding, a construct referring to the attitude to project favorable images of themselves on questionnaires or during social interaction (e.g., Knauper et al., 2004). The present study was aimed to investigate whether social desirability is related to several measures of memory and metacognitive efficiencies. Forty-eight young (i.e., 20–30 years old) and old (i.e., 65–74 years aged) participants recruited in Ogliastra (e.g., an area in Sardinia known for the high prevalence of centenarians) were individually administrated a battery of tests including the Italian version of the Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale (Saggino and Perfetti, 2003) together with a measure of subjective mnestic efficiency for daily life facts (Questionnaire on Cognitive Failures, De Beni et al., 2008) and a self-report memory beliefs questionnaire (Cornoldi and De Beni, 2003). The results show that the measurement of the perceived mnestic and metacognitive efficiencies are susceptible to socially desirable responding.

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