scholarly journals Perkinsus beihaiensis (Perkinsozoa) in oysters of Bahia State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. A. Luz ◽  
F. S. Carvalho ◽  
H. C. Oliveira ◽  
G. Boehs
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crassostrea Rhizophorae ◽  
Macroscopic Analysis

Abstract This study reports the pathogen Perkinsus beihaiensis in oysters of the genus Crassostrea on the coast of the State of Bahia (Brazil), its prevalence, infection intensity and correlation with salinity. Oysters (n = 240) were collected between October and December 2014 at eight sampling stations between latitudes 13°55'S and 15°42'S. The laboratory procedures included macroscopic analysis, histology, culture in Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. PCR and sequencing have been used for the genetic identification of oysters as well. Two species of oysters have been identified: Crassostrea rhizophorae and C. brasiliana. In both oyster species P. beihaiensis was the only Perkinsus species detected. In C. rhizophorae, the average prevalence was 82.8% by histology and 65.2% by RFTM. In C. brasiliana, the prevalences were 70.5% and 35.7%, respectively. The higher prevalence of P. beihaiensis in C. rhizophorae was probably influenced by salinity, with which was positively correlated (r> 0.8). In both oysters, P. beihaiensis was located mainly in the gastric epithelium. The infection was generally mild or moderate, without apparent harm to the hosts, but in cases of severe infection, there was hemocytical reaction and tissue disorganization. The generally high prevalence in the region suggests that oysters should be monitored with respect to this pathogen, especially in growing areas.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Clinical performance of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined in an algorithm with two specific anti-IgG immunoassays for the evaluation of the serological response of patients with COVID-19 in a population with a high prevalence of infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322110380
Author(s):  
Xavier Gabaldó-Barrios ◽  
Simona Iftimie ◽  
Anna Hernández-Aguilera ◽  
Isabel Pujol ◽  
Frederic Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been used in the study of the immune response in infected patients. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity have been reported, depending on the method of analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an algorithm in which a high-throughput automated assay for total antibodies was used for screening and two semi-automated IgG-specific methods were used to confirm the results, and also to correlate the analytical results with the clinical data and the time elapsed since infection. Methods: We studied 306 patients, some hospitalized and some outpatients, belonging to a population with a high prevalence of COVID-19. One-hundred and ten patients were classified as SARS-CoV-2 negative and 196 as positive by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The algorithm and automated assay alone had a specificity and a positive predictive value of 100%, although the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the algorithm was higher. Both methods showed a good sensitivity from day 11 of the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The absorbance of the total antibodies was significantly higher in severely symptomatic than in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, which suggests the antibody level was higher. We found 15 patients that did not present seroconversion at 12 days from the onset of symptoms or the first polymerase chain reaction test. Conclusion: This study highlights the proper functioning of algorithms in the diagnosis of the immune response to COVID-19, which can help to define testing strategies against this disease.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from swine in slaughterhouses from São Paulo State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1450-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira ◽  
Andrea Micke Moreno ◽  
Renata Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Cleise Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Debora Dirani Sena de Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fecal Isolate ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Type C ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium known as common pathogen for humans, for domestic and wildlife animals. Although infections caused by C. perfringens type C and A in swine are well studied, just a few reports describe the genetic relationship among strains in the epidemiological chain of swine clostridioses, as well as the presence of the microorganism in the slaughterhouses. The aim of the present study was to isolate C. perfringens from feces and carcasses from swine slaughterhouses, characterize the strains in relation to the presence of enterotoxin, alpha, beta, epsilon, iota and beta-2 toxins genes, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparing strains by means of Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clostridium perfringens isolation frequencies in carcasses and finishing pig intestines were of 58.8% in both types of samples. According to the polymerase chain reaction assay, only alfa toxin was detected, being all isolates also negative to enterotoxin and beta2 toxin. Through PFGE technique, the strains were characterized in 35 pulsotypes. In only one pulsotype, the isolate from carcass sample was grouped with fecal isolate of the same animal, suggesting that the risk of cross-contamination was low. Despite the high prevalence of C. perfringens in swine carcasses from the slaughterhouses assessed, the risk of food poisoning to Brazilian pork consumers is low, since all strains were negative to cpe-gene, codifying enterotoxin.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Adhesion and Regulation of Biofilm-Related Genes in Different Clones ofStaphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Sahab Atshan ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Zamberi Sekawi ◽  
Leslie Than Thian Lung ◽  
Rukman Awang Hamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clinical information about genotypically different clones of biofilm-producingStaphylococcus aureusis largely unknown. We examined whether different clones of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MSSA and MRSA) differ with respect to staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) in biofilm formation. The study used 60 different types ofspaand determined the phenotypes, the prevalence of the 13 MSCRAMM, and biofilm genes for each clone. The current investigation was carried out using a modified Congo red agar (MCRA), a microtiter plate assay (MPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clones belonging to the samespatype were found to have similar properties in adheringto thepolystyrene microtiter plate surface. However, their ability to produce slime on MCRA medium was different. PCR experiments showed that 60 clones of MSSA and MRSA were positive for 5 genes (out of 9 MSCRAMM genes).icaADBCgenes were found to be present in all the 60 clones tested indicating a high prevalence, and these genes were equally distributed among the clones associated with MSSA and those with MRSA. The prevalence of other MSCRAMM genes among MSSA and MRSA clones was found to be variable. MRSA and MSSA gene expression (MSCRAMM andicaADBC) was confirmed by RT-PCR.

A high prevalence of mixed trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in Sinfra, Côte d'Ivoire, detected by DNA amplification

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Masiga ◽  
J. J. McNamara ◽  
C. Laveissière ◽  
P. Truc ◽  
W. C. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
West African ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

SUMMARYThe prevalence of various species and subgroups of trypanosomes in the Sinfra area of C⊚te d'Ivoire was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using this technique to amplify specific satellite DNA targets, it was possible to identify developmental-stage trypanosomes in the midguts and the proboscides of tsetse without expansion of parasite populations. The predominant tsetse species in the area wasGlossina palpalis, whileG. palliceraandG. nigrofuscawere also present. Microscopical examination of 811 non-teneral flies revealed an infection rate of 14% in midguts and/or proboscides. Three subgroups ofTrypanosoma congolense(Savannah, Forest & Kilifi),T. simiae,T.godfreyi, West AfricanT. vivaxandT. bruceissp. were identified using PCR.T. congolenseForest was the most abundant of theNannomonastrypanosomes. Approximately 40% of all infections were mixed, and there was a significantly higher prevalence of apparently matureT. bruceissp. trypanosomes than has previously been reported. The present study demonstrates that PCR facilitates the easy identification of mature trypanosome infections in tsetse, providing a reliable estimation of trypanosomiasis challenge.

scholarly journals Effect of Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage by Polymerase Chain Reaction on the Duration of Unnecessary Preemptive Contact Isolation

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Uçkay ◽  
Hugo Sax ◽  
Anne Iten ◽  
Véronique Camus ◽  
Gesuele Renzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage at hospital readmission among previous MRSA carriers warrants screening and preemptive isolation precautions. The replacement of culture on chromogenic agar with rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction for readmission screening reduces the number of unnecessary preemptive isolation-days by 54% (from 6.88 to 3.14 isolation-days) and related costs by 45% (from US$113.2 to US$62.1) for patients who test negative for MRSA.

Characterization ofSalmonellaEnteritidis strains isolated from poultry and farm environments in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. CAMPIONI ◽  
M. M. ZOLDAN ◽  
J. P. FALCÃO
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYSalmonellaEnteritidis is a major causative agent of foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), this study assessed the genetic relatedness, the pathogenic potential, and antimicrobial resistance in 60 strains isolated from chickens and the farm environment in Brazil between 2004 and 2010. The resulting concatenated dendrogram of the two methodologies distinguished the strains into two clusters. Some strains isolated from the two sources were indistinguishable. All the strains contained the 13 virulence markers investigated. Forty-four strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. Quinolone resistance presented by many strains suggests that quinolones may have been used to treat chickens. The high prevalence of virulence markers highlights the importance of poultry as vehicles ofS.Enteritidis strains that have the potential to cause disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori genotypes in patients with gastroduodenal pathology in Kazan

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Akhtereeva ◽  
Yu N Davidyuk ◽  
R A Faizullina ◽  
K A Ivanovskaya ◽  
A G Safin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Antral Mucosa ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Vaca Gene ◽  
H Pylori

Aim. Investigation of the prevalence of various H. pylori genotypes among children and adult population of Kazan with chronic gastroduodenal pathology. Methods. The study included 107 patients (49 children and 58 adults) with chronic gastritis/gastroduodenitis and gastric and duodenal ulcer who had H. pylori infection confirmed by molecular genetic method. All patients underwent biospy from antral mucosa during endoscopy for H. pylori verification by polymerase chain reaction and genotyping for сagA and babA genes and iceA and vacA allels. Results. CagA gene was found in 19 (32.8%) out of 58 adults and 13 (26.5%) out of 49 children. VacA gene was detected in all patients (100%). VacAs2 genotype in children was nearly 1.6 times as frequent as the vacAs1 genotype (61.2 and 36.7% respectively). In adult patients vacAs2 genotype was detected 2.5 times less frequently than vacAs1 (27.6 and 70.7%, respectively). VacAm2 genotype was revealed in 71.4% (35/49) of children and 77.6% (45/58) of adults. IceA2 genotype was identified in 46.9% (23/49) of children and 44.8% (26/58) of adult patients, iceA1 gene - in 20.4% of children and 55.2% of adult patients. Conclusion. The strains with vacAs2m2 genotype are prevailing in children (42.9%) and determine low toxigenicity of H. pylori strains; vacAs1m2 genotype is predominant among adult patients (53.4%); high prevalence of cagA-negative strains of H. pylori was found both in children and adults (73.5 and 67.2%, respectively).

scholarly journals La PCR e le sue varianti

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Reference Tool

The book "La PCR e le sue varianti" is designed as a reference tool for those whose laboratory activities deal with methods based on nucleic acid amplification. The text provides the theoretical bases of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its variants (e.g. RT-PCR, quantitative PCR, isothermic PCR) in a rapid and concise manner and describes the principal applications used for genetic identification and the study of genetic polymorphism, in the form of a protocol that can be easily consulted by the users.

scholarly journals Survey of Wolbachia frequency in Nashville, Tennessee Reveals Novel Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Sangami Pugazenthi ◽  
Phoebe White ◽  
Aakash Basu ◽  
Anoop Chandrashekar ◽  
Dylan Shropshire
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Vanderbilt University

Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are maternally transmitted intracellular bacteria that infect approximately half of all insect species. These bacteria commonly act as reproductive parasites or mutualists to enhance their transmission from mother to offspring, resulting in high prevalence among some species. Despite decades of research on Wolbachia’s global frequency, there are many arthropod families and geographic regions that have not been tested for Wolbachia. Here, arthropods were collected on the Vanderbilt University campus in Nashville, Tennessee, where Wolbachia frequency has not been previously studied. The dataset consists of 220 samples spanning 34 unique arthropod families collected on the Vanderbilt University campus. The majority of our samples were from the families Blattidae (Blattodea), Pulicidae (Siphonaptera), Dryinidae (Hymenoptera), Aphididae (Hemiptera), Paronellidae (Entomobryomorpha), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera), Sphaeroceridae (Diptera), and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). PCR-based techniques were used to assign infection states and, from these data, the first cases of Wolbachia in the Paronellidae springtails, Lithobiidae (Lithobiomorpha) centipedes, Lonchopteridae (Diptera) spear-winged flies, Sepsidae (Diptera) black scavenger flies, Cryptocercidae (Blattodea) wood roaches, and Lauxaniidae (Diptera) acalyptrate flies were identified. Within-family infection frequencies ranged from 17-100% when Wolbachia was observed; however, numerous families tested did not reveal evidence of infection. These results expand on the field’s understanding of Wolbachia’sfrequencyin Nashville, Tennessee, and among arthropod families broadly, and is the first report of Wolbachia in centipedes. KEYWORDS: Wolbachia; Infection Frequency; Endosymbiont; Tennessee; Centipede; Arthropod; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Nashville

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