scholarly journals Development of a Cost of Illness Inventory Questionnaire for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Chaudhary ◽  
Bhargav Bhat ◽  
Gemma E Shields ◽  
Linda M Davies ◽  
Jonathan Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Broad Perspective

Abstract Background The economic burden of autism is substantial and includes a range of costs, including healthcare, education, productivity losses, informal care and respite care, among others. In India, approximately, 2 million children aged 2-9 years have autism. Given the likely substantial burden of illness and the need to identify effective and cost-effective interventions, this research aimed to produce a comprehensive cost of illness inventory (COII) suitable for children with autism in South Asia (India) to support future research. Methods A structured and iterative design process was followed to create the COII, including literature reviews, interviews with caregivers, pilot testing and translation. Across the development of the COII, thirty-two families were involved in the design and piloting of the tool. The COII was forward translated (from English to Hindi) and back translated. Each stage of the process of development of the COII resulted in the further refinement of the tool. Results Domains covered in the final COII include education, childcare, relocation, healthcare contacts (outpatient, inpatient, medical emergencies, investigations and medication), religious retreats and rituals, specialist equipment, workshops and training, special diet, support and care, certification, occupational adjustments and government rebates/schemes. Administration and completion of the COII determined it to be feasible to complete in 35 minutes by qualified and trained researchers. The final COII is hosted by REDCap Cloud and is a bilingual instrument (Hindi and English). Conclusions The COII was developed using experiences gathered from an iterative process in a metropolitan area within the context of one low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting, India. Compared to COII tools used for children with autism in high-income country settings, additional domains were required, such as complimentary medication (e.g. religious retreats and homeopathy). The COII will allow future research to quantify the cost of illness of autism in India from a broad perspective and will support relevant economic evaluations. Understanding the process of developing the questionnaire will help researchers working in LMICs needing to adapt the current COII or developing similar questionnaires.

Validation of Wearable Sensor Technology to Measure Social Proximity of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 108835762110282
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Douglas ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Saptarshi Das ◽  
Subir Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Proximity ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) struggle to develop appropriate social skills, which can lead to later social rejection, isolation, and mental health concerns. Educators play an important role in supporting and monitoring social skill development for children with ASD, but the tools used by educators are often tedious, lack suitable sensitivity, provide limited information to plan interventions, and are time-consuming. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the use of a sensor system to measure social proximity between three children with ASD and their peers in an inclusive preschool setting. We compared video-coded data with sensor data using point-by-point agreement to measure the accuracy of the sensor system. Results suggest that the sensor system can adequately measure social proximity between children with ASD and their peers. The next steps for sensor system validation are discussed along with clinical and educational implications, limitations, and future research directions.

Beyond the Motor Domain: Exploring the Secondary Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skill Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Leanne K. Elliott ◽  
Jonathan A. Weiss ◽  
Meghann Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Motor Skill Intervention

Early motor skill interventions have been shown to improve the motor skill proficiency of children with autism spectrum disorder; however, little is known about the secondary effects associated with these types of interventions (e.g., influence on behavior, social skills, family dynamics). The purpose of this qualitative study was to (a) investigate parents’ perceptions of the child-level benefits associated with a fundamental motor skill intervention for their 4-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder and (b) explore how child-level benefits influenced the family unit. Eight parents (N = 8) were interviewed (semistructured) about their experiences with the intervention for their child(ren); the study was grounded in phenomenology. Five main child-level benefits emerged, including improvements with (a) motor skills, (b) social skills, (c) listening skills, (d) turn-taking skills, and (e) transition skills. The child-level benefits then extended to family members in a number of ways (e.g., more positive sibling interactions). These findings highlight several important secondary effects that should be investigated in future research.

Stability of Variables Derived From Measures of Multisensory Function in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacie Dunham ◽  
Jacob I. Feldman ◽  
Yupeng Liu ◽  
Margaret Cassidy ◽  
Julie G. Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Listening In Noise ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display differences in multisensory function as quantified by several different measures. This study estimated the stability of variables derived from commonly used measures of multisensory function in school-aged children with ASD. Participants completed: a simultaneity judgment task for audiovisual speech, tasks designed to elicit the McGurk effect, listening-in-noise tasks, electroencephalographic recordings, and eye-tracking tasks. Results indicate the stability of indices derived from tasks tapping multisensory processing is variable. These findings have important implications for measurement in future research. Averaging scores across repeated observations will often be required to obtain acceptably stable estimates and, thus, to increase the likelihood of detecting effects of interest, as it relates to multisensory processing in children with ASD.

scholarly journals Sensory and repetitive behaviors among children with autism spectrum disorder at home

Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne V Kirby ◽  
Brian A Boyd ◽  
Kathryn L Williams ◽  
Richard A Faldowski ◽  
Grace T Baranek
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Behavior Types

Atypical sensory and repetitive behaviors are defining features of autism spectrum disorder and are thought to be influenced by environmental factors; however, there is a lack of naturalistic research exploring contexts surrounding these behaviors. This study involved video recording observations of 32 children with autism spectrum disorder (2–12 years of age) engaging in sensory and repetitive behaviors during home activities. Behavioral coding was used to determine what activity contexts, sensory modalities, and stimulus characteristics were associated with specific behavior types: hyperresponsive, hyporesponsive, sensory seeking, and repetitive/stereotypic. Results indicated that hyperresponsive behaviors were most associated with activities of daily living and family-initiated stimuli, whereas sensory seeking behaviors were associated with free play activities and child-initiated stimuli. Behaviors associated with multiple sensory modalities simultaneously were common, emphasizing the multi-sensory nature of children’s behaviors in natural contexts. Implications for future research more explicitly considering context are discussed.

scholarly journals Emergent Intraverbal and Reverse Intraverbal Behavior Following Listener Training in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Karin Almås ◽  
Dean P. Smith ◽  
Sigmund Eldevik ◽  
Svein Eikeseth
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Listener Behavior ◽  
Intraverbal Behavior ◽  
Listener Training

AbstractWe evaluated whether intraverbal and reverse intraverbal behavior emerged following listener training in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Six participants were each taught three sets of three “when?” questions in listener training. A multiple baseline design across behaviors (stimulus sets) was used to assess the effects of listener training. Results showed that intraverbal behavior emerged following listener training for five out of six participants. One participant received additional listener training and intraverbal training before intraverbal behavior emerged. Furthermore, reverse intraverbal responding occurred across all three sets of questions for three of the six participants. Establishing listener behavior may be a pathway for emergent intraverbal and reverse intraverbal responding in children with ASD. Future research could examine what skill repertoire may facilitate such transfer.

scholarly journals Examining Postgraduate Thesis Held with Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-19
Author(s):  
Mahide Ozcelik ◽  
Basak Baglama
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Data Collection Tool

Aim of this study is to examine current research trends in postgraduate thesis carried out with families of children with autism spectrum disorder in Turkey. Document analysis as one of the qualitative research methods was used. The study included 70 open-access postgraduate theses obtained from the thesis archive of Higher Education Council (YOK) of Turkey between 2015-2019. Theses included in the research were analyzed using thesis analysis form prepared by the researchers. In the prepared form, theses were examined according to year, level of thesis, university, institute, department, title of thesis supervisor, research model, participant and number of participants, data collection tool and data analysis method. The results obtained within the framework of the investigation were interpreted with percentage and frequency tables and recommendations were presented for future research.

Assistive Technology-Based Programs to Support Adaptive Behaviors by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 140-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Stasolla ◽  
Adele Boccasini ◽  
Viviana Perilli
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This chapter provides readers with an overview regarding empirical evidences available in the literature within the last decade (i.e., 2005-2015) concerning the use of assistive technology for children with autism spectrum disorders. According to the including and excluding criteria, 36 studies were retained and grouped in four main categories, namely: (a) communication skills, (b) adaptive and/or social skills, (c) life skills, and (d) challenge behaviors. The first aim of the chapter was to outline strengths and weaknesses of the aforementioned studies. The second objective of the chapter was to emphasize practical applications of assistive technology-based programs. Finally, the third purpose was to discuss the findings pointing out some useful guidelines for future research. Results were fairly positive, although some failures occurred. Clinical, educational, psychological and rehabilitative implications were also discussed.

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors to Treat Challenging Behaviors Among Children With Autism: A Systematic and Quality Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regan Weston ◽  
Abby Hodges ◽  
Tonya N. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exceptional Children ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Evidence Based Practices

This review summarizes the literature regarding differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) to treat challenging behavior among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and determines the quality of studies among the current literature according to the 2014 Council for Exceptional Children (CEC): Standards for Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education. Studies that focused on the use of DRO in the treatment of challenging behavior for individuals with ASD were included for systematic analysis. Forty-five studies were identified for inclusion in this review and were evaluated using the eight quality indicators described by the CEC. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the only systematic review of the literature that evaluates DRO as an intervention for individuals diagnosed with ASD. Principle findings, practical recommendations, and areas of future research are discussed.

Providing Interventions for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip S. Strain ◽  
Ilene S. Schwartz ◽  
Erin E. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The One

Over the past 25 years, we have learned a great deal about the diagnosis, treatment, and impact of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) on young children and their families. The authors describe several overarching themes that have emerged in the educational research on young children with ASD. The focus of their article is on education-based research because public education remains the one comprehensive service to which all children with ASD are entitled to free of charge. Four themes (i.e., inclusion, systematic and effective instruction, intensity, and social context) are described in terms of the major findings and impact on policy and practices. The authors conclude with a summary of implications for future research for the next 25 years.

Optimizing participation of children with autism spectrum disorder experiencing sensory challenges: A clinical reasoning framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Ashburner ◽  
Sylvia A. Rodger ◽  
Jenny M. Ziviani ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hinder
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background. Remedial sensory interventions currently lack supportive evidence and can be challenging to implement for families and clinicians. It may be timely to shift the focus to optimizing participation of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through accommodation and self-regulation of their sensory differences. Purpose. A framework to guide practitioners in selecting strategies is proposed based on clinical reasoning considerations, including (a) research evidence, (b) client- and family-centredness, (c) practice contexts, (d) occupation-centredness, and (e) risks. Key issues. Information-sharing with families and coaching constitute the basis for intervention. Specific strategies are identified where sensory aversions or seeking behaviours, challenges with modulation of arousal, or sensory-related behaviours interfere with participation. Self-regulatory strategies are advocated. The application of universal design principles to shared environments is also recommended. Implications. The implications of this framework for future research, education, and practice are discussed. The clinical utility of the framework now needs to be tested.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document