scholarly journals Microseismic network sensitivity in case of no seismic activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Káldy ◽  
Tomáš Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Network Sensitivity ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Seismic Networks

Abstract Underground human activities, such as mining, shale gas and oil exploitation, waste-water disposal or geo-thermal plants, can cause earthquakes. These industry projects need to be monitored by local seismic networks in order to contain the risk. An ideal seismic network should have a triangulated grid, with spacing equal to the depth of the industrial activity with no associated industry noise. In many cases, stations are placed near noisy roads, factories or in a private garden, none of which are located at optimal nodes and which thus introduce great variations in the nose level. In this article, we present a work-flow to determine the sensitivity of any local network, even if there is no local event recorded. In other words: how small are the earthquakes that such seismic networks detect? This knowledge can be used as an argument for claiming an area to be seismically silent-inactive down to a certain magnitude or for evaluating the effect of an additional seismic station.A brief theory and work-flow description is followed by two real-case demonstrations from Czech Republic, Europe: first, a proof-test on a well- studied seismically active area of West Bohemia / Vogtland and second, an application to an uprising geothermal project in Litoměřice, where no seismic activity was detected in years of monitoring.

Shale, Quakes, and High Stakes: Regulating Fracking-Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma, USA and Lancashire, UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Aczel ◽  
Karen E. Makuch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Induced Seismic Activity

High-volume hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling has “revolutionized” the United States’ oil and gas industry by allowing extraction of previously inaccessible oil and gas trapped in shale rock [1]. Although the United States has extracted shale gas in different states for several decades, the United Kingdom is in the early stages of developing its domestic shale gas resources, in the hopes of replicating the United States’ commercial success with the technologies [2, 3]. However, the extraction of shale gas using hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling poses potential risks to the environment and natural resources, human health, and communities and local livelihoods. Risks include contamination of water resources, air pollution, and induced seismic activity near shale gas operation sites. This paper examines the regulation of potential induced seismic activity in Oklahoma, USA, and Lancashire, UK, and concludes with recommendations for strengthening these protections.

scholarly journals The 2000 Western Tottori Earthquake—Seismic activity revealed by the regional seismic networks—

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Ohmi ◽  
Kunihiko Watanabe ◽  
Takuo Shibutani ◽  
Norio Hirano ◽  
Setsuro Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Seismic Networks

scholarly journals Background seismicity and seismic monitoring in the Lai Chau reservoir area

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1390
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lizurek ◽  
Jan Wiszniowski ◽  
N. V. Giang ◽  
D. Q. Van ◽  
L. V. Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Regional Seismicity ◽  
Seismic Catalogue ◽  
Reservoir Impoundment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Passive Seismic

Abstract Reservoir-triggered seismic activity depends not only on the technical characteristics of the future reservoir (filling volume, the height of water column) but also on the seismo-tectonics and the natural seismic processes occurring in the area before construction of an artificial reservoir. Passive seismic monitoring was realised near Lai Chau (Vietnam) before the impoundment started. It allowed exploration of the natural seismicity in the area of the future dam. Locations of seismic events several months prior to the reservoir impoundment were observed with ten stations installed in the reservoir vicinity. Events were mainly located near the dam along the Da river headwaters fault. However, only four stations were available for the entire period before the impoundment. Despite the network limitations, completeness of seismic catalogue and b value were determined and may be used as a baseline for analysis of the seismicity in this area after impoundment. The magnitude completeness level is significantly smaller than in the broader seismogenic zones covering an area of the dam. The b value differs from the results obtained for regional seismicity of Northeastern Vietnam. The capability of the local network for moment tensor inversion was estimated with the use of synthetic data tests. Test results provided the requirements for the station number according to azimuthal coverage of the network to obtain the reliable full moment tensor (MT) solution. Preliminary analysis of the seismic activity after Lai Chau reservoir impoundment indicates some changes in activity related to the impoundment and reservoir exploitation.

scholarly journals Relationship between seismicity and active faults in Thanh Hoa province detected by local seismic network

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-219
Author(s):  
Duong T. N. ◽  
Lai Hop Phong ◽  
Pham D. N. ◽  
Chen C. H. ◽  
Dinh V. T.
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Magnetotelluric Data ◽  
Seismogenic Source ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Thanh Hoa province belongs to the southwest part of Northwest Vietnam, which is considered a tectonically active region. In the area of Thanh Hoa province, there are three deep-seated tectonic faults, namely Son La-Bim Son, Song Ma, and Sop Cop. As predicted by scientists, these faults are capable of producing credible earthquakes that might be the strongest in the territory of Vietnam. Besides the three main seismogenic sources, in the province, there are other smaller active faults such as Thuong Xuan-Ba Thuoc and Thuong Xuan-Vinh Loc but the relationship of these faults with seismic activity is still rather blurred. This may due to the sparseness of the Vietnamese National Seismic Network which can not record adequately small earthquakes in the area. This paper presents new results of additional monitoring from a local seismic network using 12 Guralp - 6TD broadband seismometers that have been deployed in Thanh Hoa province since November 2009. We found that the Thanh Hoa area is not seismically quiet. The average number of earthquakes recorded by the network has reached 80 - 90 events per year and some of them have magnitude from ML 3.0 to 4.0.By integration of the earthquake epicenters derived from the local network and distribution of active faults, we can detect several earthquakes locating near the three active faults, not only along the main faults but also along its subsidiary faults. We focused on the active faults of Thuong Xuan-Ba Thuoc and Thuong Xuan-Vinh Loc by using the recent results of the gravity, seismic, and magnetotelluric data analyses. Several recorded earthquakes distribute along the two small faults and some of them reach magnitude 3.0 or greater on the ML scale. In this study, the Thuong Xuan-Vinh Loc is recognized as a seismogenic source. To identify seismic hazard potential caused by earthquakes generated from the active faults, segmentation of the Thuong Xuan - Ba Thuoc fault had been done based on geological and geomorphological indications and seismic activity, and then the peak ground acceleration was determined for each fault segment. Besides, a large number of earthquake epicenters do not have a good correlation with a specific fault, especially in the area of Thanh Hoa coastal plain, which is covered by thick layers of Neogene - Quaternary sediment. This shows that there may be hidden active faults in the area which are needed to study further.

scholarly journals Some possible correlations between electro-magnetic emission and seismic activity during West Bohemia 2008 earthquake swarm

Solid Earth ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kolář
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Earthquake Swarm ◽  
Electromagnetic Emission ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Abstract. A potential link between electromagnetic emission (EME) and seismic activity (SA) has been the subject of scientific speculations for a long time. EME versus SA relations obtained during the 2008 earthquake swarm which occurred in West Bohemia are presented. First, a brief characterisation of the seismic region and then the EME recording method and data analysis will be described. No simple direct link between EME and SA intensity was observed, nevertheless a deeper statistical analysis indicates: (i) slight increase of EME activity in the time interval 60 to 30 min before a seismic event with prevalent periods about 10 min, (ii) some gap in EME activity approximately 2 h after the event, and (iii) again a flat maximum about 4 h after the seismic events. These results qualitatively correspond with the observations from other seismically active regions (Fraser-Smith et al., 1990). The global decrease of EME activity correlating with the swarm activity decay was also observed. Due to the incomplete EME data and short observation time, these results are limited in reliability and are indicative only.

scholarly journals Relationship between seismicity and active faults in Thanh Hoa province detected by local seismic network

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong T. N. ◽  
Lai Hop Phong ◽  
Pham D. N. ◽  
Chen C. H. ◽  
Dinh V. T.
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Magnetotelluric Data ◽  
Seismogenic Source ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Thanh Hoa province belongs to the southwest part of Northwest Vietnam, which is considered a tectonically active region. In the area of Thanh Hoa province, there are three deep-seated tectonic faults, namely Son La-Bim Son, Song Ma, and Sop Cop. As predicted by scientists, these faults are capable of producing credible earthquakes that might be the strongest in the territory of Vietnam. Besides the three main seismogenic sources, in the province, there are other smaller active faults such as Thuong Xuan-Ba Thuoc and Thuong Xuan-Vinh Loc but the relationship of these faults with seismic activity is still rather blurred. This may due to the sparseness of the Vietnamese National Seismic Network which can not record adequately small earthquakes in the area. This paper presents new results of additional monitoring from a local seismic network using 12 Guralp - 6TD broadband seismometers that have been deployed in Thanh Hoa province since November 2009. We found that the Thanh Hoa area is not seismically quiet. The average number of earthquakes recorded by the network has reached 80 - 90 events per year and some of them have magnitude from ML 3.0 to 4.0.By integration of the earthquake epicenters derived from the local network and distribution of active faults, we can detect several earthquakes locating near the three active faults, not only along the main faults but also along its subsidiary faults. We focused on the active faults of Thuong Xuan-Ba Thuoc and Thuong Xuan-Vinh Loc by using the recent results of the gravity, seismic, and magnetotelluric data analyses. Several recorded earthquakes distribute along the two small faults and some of them reach magnitude 3.0 or greater on the ML scale. In this study, the Thuong Xuan-Vinh Loc is recognized as a seismogenic source. To identify seismic hazard potential caused by earthquakes generated from the active faults, segmentation of the Thuong Xuan - Ba Thuoc fault had been done based on geological and geomorphological indications and seismic activity, and then the peak ground acceleration was determined for each fault segment. Besides, a large number of earthquake epicenters do not have a good correlation with a specific fault, especially in the area of Thanh Hoa coastal plain, which is covered by thick layers of Neogene - Quaternary sediment. This shows that there may be hidden active faults in the area which are needed to study further.

scholarly journals Beyond Science and Hysteria: Reality and Perceptions of Environmental Justice Concerns Surrounding Marcellus and Utica Shale Gas Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Moral Outrage ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Natural Resource Curse ◽  
Utica Shale

The debate surrounding the use of hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking” or “HF”) to extract natural gas from the Marcellus and Utica shale deposits is often characterized as a tension between economic development and environmental risks.  But frequently missing from this dichotomy is the fact that the concerns of many who oppose HF use extend beyond the purely “environmental,” and also include concerns about issues such as “the natural resource curse” and losing autonomy.  These concerns ring of “environmental justice” rather than “environmentalism.”  Environmental justice espouses the belief that no group should bear disproportionate environmental consequences resulting from industrial activity, and that people affected by industrial activity should be meaningfully involved in implementation.  Although some federal and state policies acknowledge principles of environmental justice, it has yet to be meaningfully incorporated into any legal framework in the United States.This Article argues that a nuanced characterization of the HF controversy should include a more robust discussion of both environmental justice and discourse in order to account for the inordinate burden residents of Appalachia have historically borne in fossil fuel production.  Part I examines relevant regional economic and social dynamics, including the natural resource curse, Appalachia’s unique vulnerabilities, efforts to portray opponents of shale gas development as “anti-science,” and the environmental justice movement’s relationship to extractive industries.  Part II reviews the use of modern HF technology and applicable legal frameworks in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York.  Part III argues that across Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, environmental justice issues have arisen from shale gas development, including problems stemming from information asymmetries, power asymmetries, and limited access to justice.  In Part IV, the Article argues that the “anti-science” portrayal of shale gas opponents is unjustified, and that such “discourse-framing” obfuscates the actual costs and limitations on benefits of HF use, and thus, becomes an environmental justice issue itself.  Part IV also argues that environmental justice concerns shaped public sentiment in New York, and that the resulting “moral outrage” added to New York’s policy decision to ban HF altogether.  In Part V, the Article suggests that ideas which transcend the study of “moral outrage”/risk assessment and environmental justice advocacy may offer a way forward.

scholarly journals Some possible correlations between electro-magnetic emission and seismic activity during West Bohemia 2008 earthquake swarm

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
P. Kolář
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Earthquake Swarm ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Swarm Activity

Abstract. There are long time lasting speculations about electro-magnetic emission phenomena (hereafter EME) connected with seismic activity. In the present work we study such relations in West Bohemia region during 2008 earthquake swarm. After brief characterization of the seismic region, we describe recording method and data analysis. We did not observe any direct link between EME and seismic events, however statistical analysis indicates that it could be some increase of EME activity in time 60 to 30 min before an event on periods 17–14 min, some gap in EME activity approximately 2 h after the event and a maximum 4 h after the events (note, that this result qualitatively correspond with observations from other seismic regions). Also global decrease of EME activity with the decay of the swarm activity was observed. However due to incomplete EME data and short time of observation these results must be understand as indication of possible correlation rather than reliable relation.

Proxy-Based Assisted History Matching and Well-Spacing Optimization in Shale Gas Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (04) ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Chris Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Matrix Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Assisted History Matching ◽  
The University ◽  
Half Length

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200466, “Proxy-Based Assisted History Matching and Well-Spacing Optimization in Shale Gas Development of a Real Field Case,” by Chuxi Liu, The University of Texas at Austin; Wei Yu, Sim Tech and The University of Texas at Austin; and Cheng Chang, PetroChina, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Tulsa, 18–22 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed. A robust, reliable work flow for well-spacing optimization in a shale reservoir development incorporating various types of uncertainties and detailed economics analysis is necessary for achieving sustainable unconventional production. In the complete paper, the authors describe a novel well-spacing-optimization work flow based on the results of assisted history matching and apply it to a real shale gas well, incorporating uncertainty parameters such as matrix permeability, matrix porosity, fracture half-length, fracture height, fracture width, fracture conductivity, and fracture water saturation. Introduction The work of well-spacing optimization is significant because it will subsequently dominate the planning of the drilling job and completion job and ultimately will affect recovery efficiency. The purpose of well-spacing optimization serves to maximize either capital revenue or ultimate recovery. The greatest challenge for well-spacing optimization is how to interpret the uncertainties associated with unconventional reservoirs. Stimulated reservoir volume and external reservoir volume, effective fracture half-length vs. propped half-length, matrix permeability, and complex structural geology are examples of such challenges. Therefore, developing an efficient and trustworthy work flow for optimizing well spacing in any shale reservoir is critical. Previous work on unconventional shale well-spacing optimization includes operator data analysis and numerical and analytical simulation. However, almost all previous studies ignored the effects of uncertainties. In addition, most studies require input information regarding the reservoir of interest. One method to obtain such information is to history match the production data, and a few history-matching methods have been explored and analyzed. Nevertheless, traditional history-matching methods could not overcome the problem of high-dimensional uncertainty space, as is commonly seen in unconventional development. Because of this, more- stochastic approaches have been developed and applied. These methods use the concept of proxy to minimize simulation runs and are also able to obtain as many, or more, history-matching realizations. Furthermore, Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms usually are coupled with the proxy model in assisted history matching. This method could be helpful in finding the complex posterior distributions of multiple uncertainty variables with ease.

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