scholarly journals Efficacy of a Thermally Triggered Injectable Hydrogel CS/Col /PLA/GP and BMSCs for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjing Li ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Normal Cartilage ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Thermally Triggered

Abstract BackgroundArticular cartilage has limited self-repair ability. Tissue engineering is considered to be one of the most promising therapeutic approaches. Chitosan (CS) based hydrogels are the most widely used scaffolds which still need improvement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a thermally triggered injectable chitosan / type II collagen / polylactic acid / sodium β-glycerophosphate (CS/Col/PLA/GP) hydrogel and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for the treatment of cartilage defects in rabbit knee joints. Material/MethodsThe CS-based hydrogels consisting of CS, Col II, PLA and GP were fabricated by chemical cross-linking method. The gel forming time and elastic modulus of these hydrogels were measured. We tested the viability, proliferation and differentiation of rabbit BMSCs cultured in the hydrogels by fluorescence staining, CCK-8 and PCR method. The hydrogels combined with or without BMSCs were injected into cartilage defects in rabbit knee joints and the materials were collected at 8 weeks after surgery. The repair effect of cartilage defects was evaluated based on gross observation, HE, safranin O and immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThe CS/Col/PLA/GP hydrogel was liquid at room temperature and gelled after 7.5±0.41min at 37°C. CS/Col /PLA/GP hydrogel had a modulus of 8.90 ± 0.12 kPa while CS/GP and CS/Col/GP hydrogels had the modulus of 4.07 ± 0.24 kPa and 4.93 ± 0.09 kPa. The results of Live/Dead cell viability assay reveal that most of BMSCs remained alive in the hydrogels. CCK-8 assay shows that the number of cells in CS/Col /PLA/GP hydrogel was significantly higher in comparison to the other groups on days 2 and 3 of cell culture (p<0.05). Aggrecan mRNA expression in the CS/Col /PLA/GP gel was the highest (p<0.05). Sox9 mRNA expression in the CS/Col /GP group was the highest, in which CS/Col /PLA/GP hydrogel was higher than the CS/GP hydrogel(p<0.05). Furthermore, CS/Col/PLA/GP and CS/Col /GP hydrogels showed higher COL2A1 mRNA expression in comparison to CS/GP constructs (p<0.05). In vivo studies showed that approximately 90% of the cartilage defects of rabbits treated by the hydrogel and BMSCs were repaired with hyaline-like tissue without obvious inflammation response. HE, safranin O, and immunohistochemical staining showed that the hyaline like cartilage was formed in cartilage defects, and the collagen content in the new generated cartilage was similar to the normal cartilage. The neocartilage was thinner than the surrounding normal cartilage, but it exhibited integration with adjacent healthy tissue. The abundant well-defined chondrocytes were aligned in several apparent chondrocyte clusters in the new generated cartilage.ConclusionsThe thermo-sensitive injectable CS/Col/PLA/GP composite hydrogel has better ability to promote survive, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of seeded BMSCs as compared against CS/Col/GP and CS/GP hydrogels. Combined with BMSCs to repair cartilage defects of rabbit knee joints, they can effectively reduce the cartilage defect area, and the new generated cartilage is comparable to normal cartilage structure. In addition, abundant availability and simple fabrication process also make CS/Col/PLA/GP composite hydrogel a suitable candidate scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Electroactive Hydrogels for Cartilage–Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Razzaq Farooqi ◽  
Julius Zimmermann ◽  
Rainer Bader ◽  
Ursula van Rienen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Defect Site ◽  
Articular Cartilage Defects

The intrinsic regeneration potential of hyaline cartilage is highly limited due to the absence of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, as well as a low cell turnover within the tissue. Despite various advancements in the field of regenerative medicine, it remains a challenge to remedy articular cartilage defects resulting from trauma, aging, or osteoarthritis. Among various approaches, tissue engineering using tailored electroactive scaffolds has evolved as a promising strategy to repair damaged cartilage tissue. In this approach, hydrogel scaffolds are used as artificial extracellular matrices, and electric stimulation is applied to facilitate proliferation, differentiation, and cell growth at the defect site. In this regard, we present a simulation model of electroactive hydrogels to be used for cartilage–tissue engineering employing open-source finite-element software FEniCS together with a Python interface. The proposed mathematical formulation was first validated with an example from the literature. Then, we computed the effect of electric stimulation on a circular hydrogel sample that served as a model for a cartilage-repair implant.

Mechano-Active Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Mee Jung ◽  
Sang Heon Kim ◽  
Young Ha Kim ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Compressive Deformation ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Safranin O

To engineer cartilaginous constructs with a mechano-active scaffold and dynamic compression was performed for effective cartilage tissue engineering. Mechano-active scaffolds were fabricated from very elastic poly(L-lactide-co-ε-carprolactone)(5:5). The scaffolds with 85 % porosity and 300~500 μm pore size were prepared by a gel-pressing method. The scaffolds were seeded with chondrocytes and the continuous compressive deformation of 5% strain was applied to cell-polymer constructs with 0.1Hz to evaluate for the effect of dynamic compression for regeneration of cartilage. Also, the chondrocytes-seeded constructs stimulated by the continuous compressive deformation of 5% strain with 0.1Hz for 10 days and 24 days respectively were implanted in nude mice subcutaneously to investigate their biocompatibility and cartilage formation. From biochemical analyses, chondrogenic differentiation was sustained and enhanced significantly and chondrial extracellular matrix was increased through mechanical stimulation. Histological analysis showed that implants stimulated mechanically formed mature and well-developed cartilaginous tissue, as evidenced by chondrocytes within lacunae. Masson’s trichrome and Safranin O staining indicated an abundant accumulation of collagens and GAGs. Also, ECM in constructs was strongly immuno-stained with anti-rabbit collagen type II antibody. Consequently, the periodic application of dynamic compression can improve the quality of cartilaginous tissue formed in vitro and in vivo.

Treatment of articular cartilage defects in horses with polymer-based cartilage tissue engineering grafts

Biomaterials ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2882-2889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Barnewitz ◽  
Michaela Endres ◽  
Ina Krüger ◽  
Anja Becker ◽  
Jürgen Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Articular Cartilage Defects

scholarly journals Bioprinting of a Zonal-Specific Cell Density Scaffold: A Biomimetic Approach for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7821
Author(s):  
Angeliki Dimaraki ◽  
Pedro J. Díaz-Payno ◽  
Michelle Minneboo ◽  
Mahdiyeh Nouri-Goushki ◽  
Maryam Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Densities

The treatment of articular cartilage defects remains a significant clinical challenge. This is partially due to current tissue engineering strategies failing to recapitulate native organization. Articular cartilage is a graded tissue with three layers exhibiting different cell densities: the superficial zone having the highest density and the deep zone having the lowest density. However, the introduction of cell gradients for cartilage tissue engineering, which could promote a more biomimetic environment, has not been widely explored. Here, we aimed to bioprint a scaffold with different zonal cell densities to mimic the organization of articular cartilage. The scaffold was bioprinted using an alginate-based bioink containing human articular chondrocytes. The scaffold design included three cell densities, one per zone: 20 × 106 (superficial), 10 × 106 (middle), and 5 × 106 (deep) cells/mL. The scaffold was cultured in a chondrogenic medium for 25 days and analyzed by live/dead assay and histology. The live/dead analysis showed the ability to generate a zonal cell density with high viability. Histological analysis revealed a smooth transition between the zones in terms of cell distribution and a higher sulphated glycosaminoglycan deposition in the highest cell density zone. These findings pave the way toward bioprinting complex zonal cartilage scaffolds as single units, thereby advancing the translation of cartilage tissue engineering into clinical practice.

scholarly journals In vitro study of cartilage tissue engineering using human adipose-derived stem cells induced by platelet-rich plasma and cultured on silk fibroin scaffold

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Rosadi ◽  
Karina Karina ◽  
Iis Rosliana ◽  
Siti Sobariah ◽  
Irsyah Afini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Silk Fibroin Scaffold

Abstract Background Cartilage tissue engineering is a promising technique for repairing cartilage defect. Due to the limitation of cell number and proliferation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as a substitute to chondrocytes as a cartilage cell-source. This study aimed to develop cartilage tissue from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultured on a Bombyx mori silk fibroin scaffold and supplemented with 10% platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Methods Human ADSCs and PRP were characterized. A silk fibroin scaffold with 500 μm pore size was fabricated through salt leaching. ADSCs were then cultured on the scaffold (ADSC-SS) and supplemented with 10% PRP for 21 days to examine cell proliferation, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and surface marker expression. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and type 1 collagen was analysed. The presence of type 2 collagen confirming chondrogenesis was validated using immunocytochemistry. The negative and positive controls were ADSC-SS supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and ADSC-SS supplemented with commercial chondrogenesis medium, respectively. Results Cells isolated from adipose tissue were characterized as ADSCs. Proliferation of the ADSC-SS PRP was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to that of controls. Chondrogenesis was observed in ADSC-SS PRP and was confirmed through the increase in glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) secretion, the absence of mineral deposition, and increased surface marker proteins on chondrogenic progenitors. The mRNA expression of type 2 collagen in ADSC-SS PRP was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to that in the negative control on days 7 and 21; however, aggrecan was significantly increased on day 14 compared to the controls. ADSC-SS PRP showed stable mRNA expression of type 1 collagen up to 14 days and it was significantly decreased on day 21. Confocal analysis showed the presence of type 2 collagen in the ADSC-SS PRP and positive control groups, with high distribution outside the cells forming the extracellular matrix (ECM) on day 21. Conclusion Our study showed that ADSC-SS with supplemented 10% PRP medium can effectively support chondrogenesis of ADSCs in vitro and promising for further development as an alternative for cartilage tissue engineering in vivo.

scholarly journals Articular cartilage tissue engineering with stem cells implanted onto nanoscaffolds and platelet-rich plasma

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Hadeer A. Abbassy ◽  
Laila M. Montaser ◽  
Sherin M. Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Great Promise

<p class="abstract">Musculoskeletal medicine targets both cartilage regeneration and healing of soft tissues. Articular cartilage repair and regeneration is primarily considered to be due to its poor regenerative properties. Cartilage defects due to joint injury, aging, or osteoarthritis have low self-repair ability thus they are most often irreversible as well as being a major cause of joint pain and chronic disability. Unfortunately, current methods do not seamlessly restore hyaline cartilage and may lead to the formation of fibro- or continue hypertrophic cartilage. Deficiency of efficient modalities of therapy has invited research to combine stem cells, scaffold materials and environmental factors through tissue engineering. Articular cartilage tissue engineering aims to repair, regenerate, and hence improve the function of injured or diseased cartilage. This holds great potential and has evoked intense interest in improving cartilage therapy. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and/or stem cells may be influential for tissue repair as well as cartilage regenerative processes.  A great promise to advance current cartilage therapies toward achieving a consistently successful modality has been held for addressing cartilage afflictions. The use of stem cells, novel biologically inspired scaffolds and, emerging nanotechnology may be the best way to reach this objective via tissue engineering. A current and emergent approach in the field of cartilage tissue engineering is explained in this review for specific application. In the future, the development of new strategies using stem cells seeded in scaffolds and the culture medium supplemented with growth factors could improve the quality of the newly formed cartilage<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Cartilage tissue engineering for craniofacial reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Sook Kim ◽  
Hyung-Kyu Kim ◽  
Deok-Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Craniofacial Reconstruction ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Regenerate Tissue ◽  
Made In

Severe cartilage defects and congenital anomalies affect millions of people and involve considerable medical expenses. Tissue engineering offers many advantages over conventional treatments, as therapy can be tailored to specific defects using abundant bioengineered resources. This article introduces the basic concepts of cartilage tissue engineering and reviews recent progress in the field, with a focus on craniofacial reconstruction and facial aesthetics. The basic concepts of tissue engineering consist of cells, scaffolds, and stimuli. Generally, the cartilage tissue engineering process includes the following steps: harvesting autologous chondrogenic cells, cell expansion, redifferentiation, <i>in vitro</i> incubation with a scaffold, and transfer to patients. Despite the promising prospects of cartilage tissue engineering, problems and challenges still exist due to certain limitations. The limited proliferation of chondrocytes and their tendency to dedifferentiate necessitate further developments in stem cell technology and chondrocyte molecular biology. Progress should be made in designing fully biocompatible scaffolds with a minimal immune response to regenerate tissue effectively.

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinted Implants for Cartilage Repair in Intervertebral Discs and Knee Menisci

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalindu Perera ◽  
Ryan Ivone ◽  
Evelina Natekin ◽  
Cheryl. A. Wilga ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
3D Bioprinting

Cartilage defects pose a significant clinical challenge as they can lead to joint pain, swelling and stiffness, which reduces mobility and function thereby significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. More than 250,000 cartilage repair surgeries are performed in the United States every year. The current gold standard is the treatment of focal cartilage defects and bone damage with nonflexible metal or plastic prosthetics. However, these prosthetics are often made from hard and stiff materials that limits mobility and flexibility, and results in leaching of metal particles into the body, degeneration of adjacent soft bone tissues and possible failure of the implant with time. As a result, the patients may require revision surgeries to replace the worn implants or adjacent vertebrae. More recently, autograft – and allograft-based repair strategies have been studied, however these too are limited by donor site morbidity and the limited availability of tissues for surgery. There has been increasing interest in the past two decades in the area of cartilage tissue engineering where methods like 3D bioprinting may be implemented to generate functional constructs using a combination of cells, growth factors (GF) and biocompatible materials. 3D bioprinting allows for the modulation of mechanical properties of the developed constructs to maintain the required flexibility following implantation while also providing the stiffness needed to support body weight. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of current advances in 3D bioprinting for cartilage tissue engineering for knee menisci and intervertebral disc repair. We will also discuss promising medical-grade materials and techniques that can be used for printing, and the future outlook of this emerging field.

Augmented and Magnetically-Aligned Type I Collagen-GAG Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Novak ◽  
Sherry Voytik-Harbin ◽  
Corey P. Neu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Research Based Interventions ◽  
Magnetically Aligned

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects over 27 million Americans, causing an annual economic burden of over $300 million [1]. Left untreated, local cartilage defects promote cartilage degeneration and serve as a target for clinical and research based interventions [2]. While current treatments have limited success and result in recurring symptoms [3], tissue engineering solutions are promising for cartilage repair.

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