Rethinking the Strait of Hormuz: A Recommended Course of Action that Establishes Operational Advantage

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Course Of Action ◽  
Strait Of Hormuz ◽  
Recommended Course Of Action

Institutional repository statistics: reliable, consistent approaches for Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Roy ◽  
Brian D. Cameron ◽  
Tim Ribaric
Keyword(s):  
Information Gathering ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Common ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Recommended Course Of Action ◽  
Usage Metrics ◽  
Usage Data

Introduction: “Usage metrics are an effective way for libraries to demonstrate the value of their institutional repositories, however, existing tools are not always reliable and can either undercount or overcount file downloads. As well, although statistics can sometimes be accessed through the various repository interfaces, without an agreed standard it is impossible to reliably assess and compare usage data across different IRs in any meaningful way.”[1] The Task Group for Standards for IR Usage Data has undertaken an information-gathering exercise to better understand both the existing practices of Canadian repositories, as well as the emerging tools and processes available for repositories to track and monitor usage more effectively. This exercise directly links to the broader goals of the Open Repositories Working Group, which are to “strengthen and add value to the network of Canadian open access repositories by collaborating more closely and adopting a broader range of services.”[2] Our recommended course of action is for all Canadian IRs to collectively adopt OpenAIREStatistics. This path aligns with the following recommendations which our group also advances: Recommendations: We suggest the following Mandatory (M) and Optional (O) recommendations: R1(M):All Canadian IRs should adopt the COUNTER Code of Practice. R2(M): All Canadian IRs should select a service that allows for interoperability with other web services via a fully open, or accessible, permissions-based API. R3(M): All Canadian IRs should usea statistics service that practices transparent communication and maintains a governance strategy. In addition, we strongly urge for the future that Canadian IRs consider the following advice. R4(O): Make further investments into understanding and utilizing the common log format (CLF). R5(O): Conduct research into the privacy implications of collecting use statistics via third party services with commercial interests and consider available alternatives. R6(O): Practice a healthy skepticism towards tools and solutions that promise “increased” usage statistics, and instead advocate for responsible collection assessment based on multiple aspects of use.

Efficient Software Quality Assurance Approaches Oriented to UML Models in Real Life

2007 ◽  
pp. 385-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernandez ◽  
Pedro J. Lara ◽  
Juan José Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Automatic Testing ◽  
Software Quality Assurance ◽  
Tool Support ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Recommended Course Of Action ◽  
Efficient Software ◽  
Uml Models

UML is accepted as the standard notation for object-oriented (OO) development. UML models have a widespread use in today’s software practices. Any initiative to improve software quality assurance (SQA) should assume that a high percentage of deliverables to be controlled are currently based on the use of UML notation. However, real life projects are strongly influenced by the need of reaching tangible productivity and efficiency goals. SQA techniques should be customized to meet the balance between quality and budget supported by risk analysis. In this chapter, different strategies and techniques devised to follow the above philosophy of efficiency are presented, especially centred in automatic testing generation from specifications. Our proposal is mainly based on a recommended course of action as well as on integrated tool support for Eclipse environments.

Recommendations Implicit in Policy Defaults

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R.M. McKenzie ◽  
Michael J. Liersch ◽  
Stacey R. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Recommended Course Of Action

Should people be considered organ donors after their death unless they request not to be, or should they not be considered donors unless they request to be? Because people tend to stay with the default in a variety of domains, policymakers' choice of default has large and often important effects. In the United States, where the organ-donation policy default is “not a donor,” about 5,000 people die every year because there are too few donors. Four experiments examined two domains—being an organ donor and saving for retirement—where default effects occur and have important implications. The results indicate that default effects occur in part because policymakers' attitudes can be revealed through their choice of default, and people perceive the default as indicating the recommended course of action. Policymakers need to be aware of the implicit messages conveyed by their choice of default.

scholarly journals Institutional repository statistics: reliable, consistent approaches for Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Roy ◽  
Brian D. Cameron ◽  
Tim Ribaric
Keyword(s):  
Information Gathering ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Common ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Recommended Course Of Action ◽  
Usage Metrics ◽  
Usage Data

Introduction: “Usage metrics are an effective way for libraries to demonstrate the value of their institutional repositories, however, existing tools are not always reliable and can either undercount or overcount file downloads. As well, although statistics can sometimes be accessed through the various repository interfaces, without an agreed standard it is impossible to reliably assess and compare usage data across different IRs in any meaningful way.”[1] The Task Group for Standards for IR Usage Data has undertaken an information-gathering exercise to better understand both the existing practices of Canadian repositories, as well as the emerging tools and processes available for repositories to track and monitor usage more effectively. This exercise directly links to the broader goals of the Open Repositories Working Group, which are to “strengthen and add value to the network of Canadian open access repositories by collaborating more closely and adopting a broader range of services.”[2] Our recommended course of action is for all Canadian IRs to collectively adopt OpenAIREStatistics. This path aligns with the following recommendations which our group also advances: Recommendations: We suggest the following Mandatory (M) and Optional (O) recommendations: R1(M):All Canadian IRs should adopt the COUNTER Code of Practice. R2(M): All Canadian IRs should select a service that allows for interoperability with other web services via a fully open, or accessible, permissions-based API. R3(M): All Canadian IRs should usea statistics service that practices transparent communication and maintains a governance strategy. In addition, we strongly urge for the future that Canadian IRs consider the following advice. R4(O): Make further investments into understanding and utilizing the common log format (CLF). R5(O): Conduct research into the privacy implications of collecting use statistics via third party services with commercial interests and consider available alternatives. R6(O): Practice a healthy skepticism towards tools and solutions that promise “increased” usage statistics, and instead advocate for responsible collection assessment based on multiple aspects of use.

Ex ante coherence shifts

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Simon ◽  
Keith J. Holyoak
Keyword(s):  
Course Of Action ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Rational Reasoning

Abstract Cushman characterizes rationalization as the inverse of rational reasoning, but this distinction is psychologically questionable. Coherence-based reasoning highlights a subtler form of bidirectionality: By distorting task attributes to make one course of action appear superior to its rivals, a patina of rationality is bestowed on the choice. This mechanism drives choice and action, rather than just following in their wake.

Process Accountability as a De-Escalation Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Klaus Moser ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolff ◽  
Roman Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Performance Problems ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Biased Information

Abstract. Escalation of commitment occurs when a course of action is continued despite repeated drawbacks (e.g., maintaining an employment relationship despite severe performance problems). We analyze process accountability (PA) as a de-escalation technique that helps to discontinue a failing course of action and show how time moderates both the behavioral and cognitive processes involved: (1) Because sound decisions should be based on (hopefully unbiased) information search, which requires time to gather, the effect of PA on de-escalation increases over time. (2) Because continuing information search creates behavioral commitment, the debiasing effect of PA on information search diminishes over time. (3) Consistent with the tunnel vision notion, the effects of less biased information search on de-escalation decrease over time.

Soldier performance course of action (COA) visualization aids

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy W. Rozenblit ◽  
◽  
Michael J. Barnes ◽  
Faisal Momen ◽  
Jose A. Quijada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Course Of Action

Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Claßen ◽  
James Delgrande
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deontic Logic ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Reasoning About Action ◽  
The Given

With the advent of artificial agents in everyday life, it is important that these agents are guided by social norms and moral guidelines. Notions of obligation, permission, and the like have traditionally been studied in the field of Deontic Logic, where deontic assertions generally refer to what an agent should or should not do; that is they refer to actions. In Artificial Intelligence, the Situation Calculus is (arguably) the best known and most studied formalism for reasoning about action and change. In this paper, we integrate these two areas by incorporating deontic notions into Situation Calculus theories. We do this by considering deontic assertions as constraints, expressed as a set of conditionals, which apply to complex actions expressed as GOLOG programs. These constraints induce a ranking of "ideality" over possible future situations. This ranking in turn is used to guide an agent in its planning deliberation, towards a course of action that adheres best to the deontic constraints. We present a formalization that includes a wide class of (dyadic) deontic assertions, lets us distinguish prima facie from all-things-considered obligations, and particularly addresses contrary-to-duty scenarios. We furthermore present results on compiling the deontic constraints directly into the Situation Calculus action theory, so as to obtain an agent that respects the given norms, but works solely based on the standard reasoning and planning techniques.

Iraq's alternatives in light of the challenges surrounding the security of the Arabian Gulf: the challenges of security of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz

2020 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Amer Hassan Thabit
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Regional Conflict ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Strait Of Hormuz ◽  
Maritime Navigation ◽  
Arab Gulf ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The Arab Gulf region in particular, and with it the entire Arab region in general, is witnessing multiple challenges and conflicts, escalating, in a way that reflects the presence of overlapping in the dimensions: internal, regional and international, which imposes important effects on Iraq. Iraq is part of the Arab Gulf region, and it interferes with it: historically, geographically, ethnically, and politically. It cannot be overlooked that Iraq was in historical stages that was considered the dominant force in this region, especially in the stage of the civilization’s dominance before the role of Iraq and its place in civilization declines. Today, the region is witnessing multiple challenges, which began with the escalation of regional sectarian political events associated with the event of the occupation of Iraq, with a tendency to disturb the regional balance due to the dismantling of the capabilities of Iraq, and the matter came to the loosening of regional conflicts due to what the region is going through, and the perspective of the active forces in it, which has overcome the perspective The struggle for cooperation. The entry or presence of the international worker in the regional conflicts in the Arab Gulf region caused the intensity of the conflicts to multiply instead of settling them, and Iran has presented on more than one occasion that it has the capabilities to implement the option of closing the Strait of Hormuz or impeding the freedom and safety of maritime navigation in international waters in the Arabian Gulf, And the matter was not related to the US sanctions regime on Iran in the year 2018 and beyond, but it is before it.     The Iranian threat to close the Strait of Hormuz at the very least, or any development in the regional conflict in the region, can damage the interests of Iraq and its security, for two reasons: First, most of Iraq’s trade passes through the waters of the Persian Gulf, and the second is that there is an overlap between Iraq and peoples and countries The region, and just as sectarianism moved from Iraq to the region after 2003, the Gulf conflict and tension can move into Iraq or affect Iraq’s policy. Iraq should search for political alternatives that help it in dealing with the developments of the conflict in the Arab Gulf region. Perhaps this research presents some of the options and alternatives that can help the Iraqi decision-maker, if there is an important development in the Gulf-Western conflict with Iran

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