Statistical Prediction of Ocean Circulation and Trajectories

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.

Download Full-text

BAHAN ORGANIK TERLARUT DALAM AIR LAUT

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v6i2.1924 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Arif Dwi Santoso

Keyword(s):

Ocean Circulation ◽

Cation Distribution ◽

Organic Material ◽

Sea Water ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Subsequent Regeneration

Seawater contains high amounts of organic material and ions causing high salinity.The distribution of nutrients in the ocean is determined by ocean circulation, biological processes of uptake and mineralization, and subsequent regeneration of nutrients by migration of animals and by supply from the land.Topic related to sea water is important to discuss and to be a challenging with many researchers in Indonesia. In this paper, organic mater from sea water was learned in detail. The information contained of formulation history, justifi cation, distribution, advantages, and method of measure, type and effect to environment.Keywords: organic material, sea water, dissolved

Download Full-text

An evaluation of DSM-5 Section III Personality Disorder Criterion A (Impairment) in accounting for psychopathology

10.31234/osf.io/z48tv ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chelsea Sleep ◽

Donald Lynam ◽

Thomas A. Widiger ◽

Michael L Crowe ◽

Josh Miller

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorders ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Statistical Prediction ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Criterion A ◽

Personality Dysfunction ◽

Axis I

An alternative diagnostic model of personality disorders (AMPD) was introduced in DSM-5 that diagnoses PDs based on the presence of personality impairment (Criterion A) and pathological personality traits (Criterion B). Research examining Criterion A has been limited to date, due to the lack of a specific measure to assess it; this changed, however, with the recent publication of a self-report assessment of personality dysfunction as defined by Criterion A (Levels of Personality Functioning Scale – Self-report; LPFS-SR; Morey, 2017). The aim of the current study was to test several key propositions regarding the role of Criterion A in the AMPD including the underlying factor structure of the LPFS-SR, the discriminant validity of the hypothesized factors, whether Criterion A distinguishes personality psychopathology from Axis I symptoms, the overlap between Criterion A and B, and the incremental predictive utility of Criterion A and B in the statistical prediction of traditional PD symptom counts. Neither a single factor model nor an a priori four-factor model of dysfunction fit the data well. The LPFS-SR dimensions were highly interrelated and manifested little evidence of discriminant validity. In addition, the impairment dimensions manifested robust correlations with measures of both Axis I and II constructs, challenging the notion that personality dysfunction is unique to PDs. Finally, multivariate regression analyses suggested that the traits account for substantially more unique variance in DSM-5 Section II PDs than does personality impairment. These results provide important information as to the functioning of the two main components of the DSM-5 AMPD and raise questions about whether the model may need revision moving forward.Keywords: dysfunction, impairment, personality disorders, Section III, incremental validity Public Significance: The alternative model of personality disorders included in Section III of the 5th addition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes two primary components: personality dysfunction and maladaptive traits. The current results raise questions about how a new, DSM-5 aligned measure of personality dysfunction operates with regard its factor structure, discriminant validity, ability to differentiate between personality and non-personality based forms of psychopathology, and incremental validity in the statistical prediction of traditional DSM personality disorders.

Download Full-text

On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0260305500013884 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 111-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Achim Stössel

Keyword(s):

Southern Ocean ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Ocean Circulation ◽

General Circulation ◽

Thermohaline Circulation ◽

Circulation Model ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Convective Activity ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably stratified region of the world's oceans. Specifically, if the effect of brine release is neglected, the deep layers of the Southern Ocean warm up considerably; this is associated with a weakening of the Southern Hemisphere overturning cell. The removal of the commonly used “salinity enhancement” leads to a similar effect. The deep-ocean salinity is almost unaffected in both experiments. Introducing explicit new-ice thickness growth in partially ice-covered gridcells leads to a substantial increase in convective activity, especially in the Southern Ocean, with a concomitant significant cooling and salinification of the deep ocean. Possible mechanisms for the resulting interactions between sea-ice processes and deep-ocean characteristics are suggested.

Download Full-text