BAHAN ORGANIK TERLARUT DALAM AIR LAUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Dwi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Cation Distribution ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration

Seawater contains high amounts of organic material and ions causing high salinity.The distribution of nutrients in the ocean is determined by ocean circulation, biological processes of uptake and mineralization, and subsequent regeneration of nutrients by migration of animals and by supply from the land.Topic related to sea water is important to discuss and to be a challenging with many researchers in Indonesia. In this paper, organic mater from sea water was learned in detail. The information contained of formulation history, justifi cation, distribution, advantages, and method of measure, type and effect to environment.Keywords: organic material, sea water, dissolved

scholarly journals Kajian Kelimpahan Mikroplastik di Biota Perairan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-648
Author(s):  
Saptian Wisnu Sandra ◽  
Arlini Dyah Radityaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Saccostrea Cucullata ◽  
Zeus Faber

Sampah plastik dapat terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik (MP) dan nanoplastik (NP) melalui proses fisik, kimia, dan biologis. MP didefinisikan sebagai partikel plastik kecil berukuran < 5 mm. MP saat ini telah ditemukan di tubuh biota perairan, baik perairan permukaan maupun perairan laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji MP pada biota perairan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur terhadap artikel publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Kajian dilakukan terhadap kelimpahan, ukuran, bentuk, warna, dan komposisi MP pada biota perairan permukaan dan laut. Review dilakukan terhadap penelitian di Indonesia dan berbagai wilayah di negara lain. Beberapa metode pengambilan sampel biota perairan yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdahulu yaitu menggunakan trawl atau pukat dasar (jaring polietilen), jaring pukat pantai (10 m x 1,5 m; ukuran mata jaring: 8 mm). Identifikasi MP pada saluran pencernakan biota ikan dilakukan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% selama 24 jam pada suhu 60°C, selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan dengan kertas saring Whatman. Selanjutnya, proses identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop okuler dan FTIR untuk menentukan ukuran, bentuk, dan jenis polimer. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan MP terbanyak pada biota perairan masing-masing yaitu 468 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Hypostomus plecostomus) di perairan sungai; 18 partikel MP/individu pada Ikan Nila Hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) di perairan payau; 1,4 – 7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Tiram (Saccostrea cucullata) di perairan muara; 22,21 ± 1,7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Thryssa kammalensis di perairan teluk; 2,7 ± 0,10 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Zeus faber di perairan selat; dan 22,3 partikel MP/individu pada Diadema sp. (Bulu babi) di perairan laut. MP yang dominan pada biota perairan adalah berukuran 20 μm – 50 μm, berbentuk fiber, dan berwarna hitam. Polyethylene (PE) ditemukan dominan pada biota perairan permukaan, serta polyprophylene (PP) dan polyethylene (PE) pada biota perairan laut.ABSTRACTPlastic wastes could be degraded into microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) through physical, chemical, and biological processes. MP was defined as the small particle of plastic with the size of < 5 mm. Currently, MP has been found in the body of aquatic biota both in the surface and sea water biota. This research aimed to investigate the microplastic content in aquatic biota. The study was conducted through literature review of the last 10 year published articles. The previous studies were reviewed in terms of abundance, size, shape, colour, and polymer type of MP in the aquatic biota in Indonesia and areas of other countries. Sampling of aquatic biota in the previous studies was conducted in several methods using trawling or bottom trawl (polyethylene net), beach trawl net (10 m x 1.5 m; mesh size: 8 mm). Identification of MP in the digestive tract of fish was conducted using 10% KOH solution for 24 hours at a temperature of 60°C, then was filtered using Whatman filter paper. Next, the identification process used an ocular microscope and FTIR to determine the polymer. The result demonstrated that the highest number of MP abundance was 468 MP particles/individual in the cattle fish (Hypostomus plecostomus) species in the river water; 18 MP particles/individual in the black nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus) species in the brackish water; 1.4 – 7 MP particles/individual in the oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) species in the estuary water; 22.21 ± 1.7 MP particles/individual in the Thryssa kammalensis fish species in the gulf water; 2.7 ± 0.10 MP particles/individual in the Zeus faber fish species in the strait water; and 22.3 MP particles/individual in the Diadema sp. (sea urchin) in the sea water. The most dominant MP size, shape, and colour in the aquatic biota was 20 μm – 50 μm, fiber, and black. Polyethylene (PE) was dominant in the surface water biota, whereas, polyprophylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) in the sea water biota.

Anaerobic Fermentation of Organic Material: Biological Processes and Their Control Parameters

2018 ◽  
pp. 779-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Liebetrau ◽  
Sören Weinrich ◽  
Heike Sträuber ◽  
Jörg Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Control Parameters

scholarly journals Evaluation of W0 in Canada using tide gauges and GOCE gravity field models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hayden ◽  
E. Rangelova ◽  
M. G. Sideris ◽  
M. Véronneau
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Gravity Field ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Surface Topography ◽  
Vertical Datum

AbstractThe existing Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1928 (CGVD28) does not meet the needs of the modern user in terms of accuracy and accessibility. As a result, Canada plans to implement a geoid-based and global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-accessible vertical datum by 2013. One of the primary concerns in realizing this new vertical datum is to determine a W0 value that will represent the potential of the zero height surface. The objective of this study is to evaluate W0 by averaging the potential of points on the mean sea water surface utilizing tide gauge recordings and gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE)-based global geopotential models. In order to assess the performance of the GOCE-based models for the computation of W0, the models are extended with the high resolution gravitational model EGM2008. Regional gravimetric geoid models are also used for the estimation of W0. Additionally, local sea surface topography models are utilized in order to validate the W0 results at the tide gauges. Excluding the Arctic coast, the W0 values obtained from both tide gauges and oceanic sea surface topography models are not statistically different from the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) 2010 global conventional value 62636856.00 m2/s2.

scholarly journals Computing marine-ice thickness at an ice-shelf base

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (160) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shelf Flow

AbstractThe freezing of sea water to the base of an ice shelf can give rise to large patches of accumulated ice, a phenomenon known as marine ice. In this study a numerical method is presented for calculating the thickness of the marine-ice layer using an ice- shelf-ocean model. The present-day modeling paradigm of ice-shelf–ocean interaction usually involves the fixed specification of the ice-shelf geometry while the ocean circulation in the cavity beneath the ice shelf evolves freely. This approach relies on several assumptions, such as steady-state ice-shelf thickness and ice-shelf flow fields, in order to make reasonable quantitative estimates of the thermodynamic exchange processes occurring at the ice-shelf base. This paper discusses the impact of these and other assumptions on the estimation of the thickness of the marine-ice layer. Model simulation results are presented for an idealized ice-shelf–ocean configuration as a demonstration of the feasibility of the numerical method. A sensitivity analysis is given so as to quantify the relative uncertainty in the marine-ice thickness that arises from uncertainties in the model input parameters, these being principally the ice-shelf flow field, the basal accumulation rate and the ice-shelf thickness field.

scholarly journals Pandora’s Box in the Deep Sea –Intraspecific Diversity Patterns and Distribution of Two Congeneric Scavenging Amphipods

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Jażdżewska ◽  
Tammy Horton ◽  
Ed Hendrycks ◽  
Tomasz Mamos ◽  
Amy C. Driskell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
28S Rrna

Paralicella tenuipesChevreux, 1908 and Paralicella caperescaShulenberger and Barnard, 1976 are known as widely distributed deep-sea scavenging amphipods. Some recent studies based on genetic data indicated the presence of high intraspecific variation of P. caperesca suggesting it is a species complex. Based on published molecular data from the Pacific and Indian oceans and new material obtained from the North and South Atlantic, we integrated the knowledge on the intraspecific variation and species distribution of the two nominal taxa. The study included analysis of three genes (COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA) and revealed the existence of a single Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU) within P. tenuipes and six different MOTUs forming P. caperesca. The distribution pattern of the recognized lineages varied with three (P. tenuipes, MOTU 1 and MOTU 5 of P. caperesca) being widely distributed. There was evidence of contemporary population connectivity expressed by the share of the same COI haplotypes by individuals from very distant localities. At the same time no signal of recent demographic changes was observed within the studied taxa. The time-calibrated phylogeny suggested the emergence of species to be at the time of Mesozoic/Cenozoic transition that may be associated with global changes of the ocean circulation and deep sea water cooling.

scholarly journals Microbes Enriched in Seawater after Addition of Coral Mucus

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 3274-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Allers ◽  
Christina Niesner ◽  
Christian Wild ◽  
Jakob Pernthaler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Microbial Food Webs ◽  
Alteromonas Macleodii

ABSTRACT We investigated which microbial taxa in coastal Red Sea water were stimulated by addition of mucus from the coral Fungia sp. Decreases in the concentration and C/N ratio of particulate organic material during short-term incubations (50 h) were paralleled by a steep rise in the number of Gammaproteobacteria, particularly Alteromonadaceae, followed by Vibrionaceae. Two almost identical genotypes affiliated with Alteromonas macleodii accounted for up to >85% of all Alteromonadaceae (45% of the total cells) in the mucus-amended enrichments but were rare in unamended control incubations and in ambient seawater. A. macleodii-like bacteria might thus be important in the transfer of organic carbon from coral mucus to the pelagic microbial food webs of coral reefs.

scholarly journals Pressures on the marine environment and the changing climate of ocean biogeochemistry

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1980) ◽  
pp. 5613-5635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Water Oxygen ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Ph Decrease

The oceans are under pressure from human activities. Following 250 years of industrial activity, effects are being seen at the cellular through to regional and global scales. The change in atmospheric CO 2 from 280 ppm in pre-industrial times to 392 ppm in 2011 has contributed to the warming of the upper 700 m of the ocean by approximately 0.1 ° C between 1961 and 2003, to changes in sea water chemistry, which include a pH decrease of approximately 0.1, and to significant decreases in the sea water oxygen content. In parallel with these changes, the human population has been introducing an ever-increasing level of nutrients into coastal waters, which leads to eutrophication, and by 2008 had resulted in 245 000 km 2 of severely oxygen-depleted waters throughout the world. These changes are set to continue for the foreseeable future, with atmospheric CO 2 predicted to reach 430 ppm by 2030 and 750 ppm by 2100. The cycling of biogeochemical elements has proved sensitive to each of these effects, and it is proposed that synergy between stressors may compound this further. The challenge, within the next few decades, for the marine science community, is to elucidate the scope and extent that biological processes can adapt or acclimatize to a changing chemical and physical marine environment.

scholarly journals Methane production in aerobic oligotrophic surface water in the central Arctic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Damm ◽  
E. Helmke ◽  
S. Thoms ◽  
U. Schauer ◽  
E. Nöthig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
The Common

Abstract. A methane surplus relative to the atmospheric equilibrium is a frequently observed feature of ocean surface water. Despite the common fact that biological processes are responsible for its origin, the formation of methane in aerobic surface water is still poorly understood. We report on methane production in the central Arctic Ocean, which was exclusively detected in Pacific derived water but not nearby in Atlantic derived water. The two water masses are distinguished by their different nitrate to phosphate ratios. We show that methane production occurs if nitrate is depleted but phosphate is available as a P source. Apparently the low N:P ratio enhances the ability of bacteria to compete for phosphate while the phytoplankton metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is utilized as a C source. This was verified by experimentally induced methane production in DMSP spiked Arctic sea water. Accordingly we propose that methylated compounds may serve as precursors for methane and thermodynamic calculations show that methylotrophic methanogenesis can provide energy in aerobic environments.

scholarly journals Studi Perbandingan Kemampuan Nannochloropsis sp. Dan Spirulina sp. Sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Terhadap Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) [Comparative Study Of Ability Nannochloropsis sp. And Spirulina sp. As Agent Bioremediation Of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Endang Dewi Masithah, Boedi Setya Rahardja, Tri Nadya Olyvia Kerin Hardianie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Know How ◽  
Active Cluster ◽  
High Information

Abstract Sea water is a component that interacts with the terrestrial environment, where the discharge of waste empties into the sea to the mainland. One of the most dangerous pollutants for human health is the heavy metal plumbum (Pb). Bioremediation offers a promising alternative method and the potential to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in water. Bioremediation is the application of biological processes to recover a contaminated place by using microorganisms. Biomass of algae Nannochloropsis sp. can be used as bioremediation of heavy metals because it has the ability adsorption caused the active cluster contained therein. In addition, Spirulina sp. thought to have the ability as an agent of bioremediation of heavy metal plumbum (Pb) because the proteins and polysaccharides are high. Information about uptake ability of heavy metal of plumbum (Pb) by Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp., in order to know how it compares to the ability of Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. in absorbing the content of heavy metal plumbum (Pb). The method used in this study is the experimental method, the test T of SPSS analysis as the experimental design. Treatment given in the form of differences in the concentration of plumbum, which include, treatment A (Nannochloropsis sp. without the addition of plumbum), treatment B (Nannochloropsis sp. 0.9 ppm with plumbum concentrations), treatment C (Spirulina sp. without the addition of plumbum) and treatment D (Spirulina sp. with plumbum concentrations 0.9 ppm) of each treatment was repeated 5 times. The main parameters measured were real heavy metal plumbum (Pb) in water culture media Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulinna sp. The results showed that Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. able to absorb the heavy metals plumbum (Pb) so that it can be used as a bioremediation agent, where Spirulina sp. have higher ability in absorbing heavy metals plumbum (Pb) compared with Nannochloropsis sp

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