scholarly journals Application of the modified rust converter P-2 for protection of forest machinery against corrosion

Author(s):  
Е.Г. Раковская ◽  
О.А. Кудряшова

Работа посвящена исследованию защитных свойств преобразователя ржав- чины, наносимого на прокорродировавшую поверхность при введении в него ор- ганических добавок для создания покрытий с улучшенными защитными свойствами. Опыт эксплуатации деталей лесотранспортных машин, контактирующих с агрессивными средами, показывает, что если не защищать наиболее ответствен- ные детали конструкций специальными средствами, либо не применять материалы специального химического состава, то в результате возникновения процессов коррозии произойдёт коррозионно-механическое разрушение конструкции. Наиболее распространенным способом защиты металлов от коррозии является нане- сение лакокрасочных покрытий. Однако долговечность и эффективность такой защиты в значительной степени определяется качеством подготовки поверхно- сти перед окрашиванием. При нанесении преобразователя П-2 на ржавую поверхность ортофосфорная кислота, входящая в его состав, связывает ионы железа в труднорастворимые фосфаты, блокирующие поверхность металла. Но при обработке кислыми модификаторами поверхности, неравномерно покрытой про- дуктами коррозии, остаточная кислотность на участках. менее загрязненных продуктами коррозии, будет выше, чем на участках. сильно проржавевших, т. е. будет наблюдаться перетравливание поверхности. Поэтому введенные добавки выполняют роль ингибиторов кислотной коррозии. Электрохимические исследо- вания показали, что наибольшее положительное значение потенциалов в случае покрытий с добавками n-аминобензолсульфамид, [5-нитрофурфурола, семикар- базон], [2-(n-аминобензолсульфамидо)-4,6-диметилпиридин]. Исследуемые добавки ингибируют как анодный, так и катодный процессы. Ингибиторный эф- фект возрастает с повышением потенциала поляризации. Показано, что добавки n-аминобензолсульфамид, [5-нитрофурфурола, семикарбазон], [2-(n- аминобензолсульфамидо)-4,6-диметилпиридин] являются наиболее эффективными ингибиторами коррозии, при их введении в преобразователь ржавчины П- 2, что позволяет рекомендовать их к использованию для защиты от коррозии техники в лесном хозяйстве. The work is devoted to the study of the protective properties of the rust converter applied to the corroded surface when organic additives are added to it to create coatings with improved protective properties. Experience in the operation of parts of forest transport vehicles in contact with corrosive environments shows that if the most critical parts of structures are not protected by special means or the materials of special chemical composition are not applied, corrosion corrosion will occur as a result of corrosion processes. The most common way to protect metals from corrosion is the application of paint and varnish coatings. However, the durability and effectiveness of such protection is largely determined by the quality of preparation of the surface before painting. When the P-2 converter is applied to a rusty surface, orthophosphoric acid, included in its composition, binds iron ions to hardly soluble phosphates blocking the surface of the metal. But when treated with acidic surface modifiers unevenly coated with corrosion products, residual acidity in areas less contaminated with corrosion products will be higher than in areas heavily rusted, i. E. Surface re-etching will be observed. Therefore, the additives introduced serve as inhibitors of acid corrosion. Electrochemical studies showed that the greatest positive potentials in the case of coatings with additives of p-aminobenzenesulfonamide, [5- nitrofurfural, semicarbazone], [2- (p-aminobenzenesulfamido) -4,6-dimethylpyridine]. The test additives inhibit both anodic and cathodic processes. The inhibitory effect increases with increasing polarization potential. It has been shown that the additions of n-aminobenzenesulfamide, [5-nitrofurfurol, semicarbazone], [2- (p-aminobenzenesulfamido)-4,6-dimethylpyridine] are the most effective corrosion inhibitors when they are introduced into the P-2 rust converter, Their use for protection from corrosion technology in forestry.

Author(s):  
Е.Г. Раковская ◽  
Н.Г. Занько

Одним из способов подготовки поверхности под окраску является нанесение модификаторов ржавчины или специальных грунтовок – преобразователей ржавчины. Для улучшения защитных свойств в состав модифицирующих растворов вводят ингибиторы коррозии. Целью данного исследования являлось получение эффективных ингибиторов на основе отходов целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности, а также разработка систем покрытий с применением данных ингибиторов для защиты от коррозии лесных машин. Исследовались составы, приготовленные на основе сульфитного щелока в качестве ингибиторов коррозии стальных образцов без ржавчины, а также изучалась эффективность защитных свойств систем лакокрасочных покрытий, в состав которых входили грунты-модификаторы ржавчины, разработанные на основе сульфитных щелоков и нанесенные на ржавую поверхность с верхним покрывным слоем эмали ПФ-115. С помощью гравиметрического метода и метода снятия поляризационных кривых выявлено, что сульфитные щелока являются ингибиторами коррозии стали в кислой среде. Показано, сульфитные щелока могут использоваться в качестве ингибиторов коррозии стали к преобразователям ржавчины на основе ортофосфорной кислоты. С помощью визуальных и электрохимических методов выявлено, что наилучшими защитными свойствами обладает система преобразователь ржавчины П-2 + щелок + пиперидин. Поляризационные кривые, снятые в водных вытяжках грунтов-модификаторов ржавчины на основе сульфитных щелоков, подтверждают их ингибирующее действие. Выявлено, что наиболее эффективным ингибитором к преобразователю ржавчины П-2 является добавка щелок + пиперидин. One way to prepare the surface for painting is to apply rust modifiers or special primers – rust converters. To improve the protective properties, corrosion inhibitors are introduced into the composition of the modifying solutions. The purpose of this study was to obtain effective inhibitors based on waste from the pulp and paper industry, as well as the development of coating systems using these inhibitors to protect industrial equipment from corrosion. The compositions prepared on the basis of sulfite liquor as corrosion inhibitors of steel samples without rust were studied, and the effectiveness of the protective properties of paint coatings systems, which included rust modifiers primers developed on the basis of sulfite liquors and applied to a rusty surface with an upper coating layer, was studied. Enamel PF-115. Using the gravimetric method and the method of taking polarization curves, it was found that sulfite liquors are inhibitors of steel corrosion in an acidic environment. It has been shown that sulfite liquors can be used as inhibitors of steel corrosion to phosphoric acid-based rust converters. Using visual and electrochemical methods, it was revealed that the P-2 rust converter + liquor + piperidine system has the best protective properties. Polarization curves recorded in aqueous extracts of rust modifying soils based on sulfite liquors confirm their inhibitory effect. It was revealed that the most effective inhibitor to the P-2 rust converter is the addition of lye + piperidine.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048
Author(s):  
Irina Smical ◽  
Adriana Muntean ◽  
Valer Micle
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1638-1645
Author(s):  
M. R. Bayramov ◽  
G. M. Askarova ◽  
G. M. Mehdiyeva ◽  
M. A. Agayeva ◽  
I. G. Mammadov ◽  
...  

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G Clay ◽  
Molly M Adams

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of Parkinson-like symptoms appearing in a patient after introduction of ritonavir to buspirone therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old HIV-positive white man presented to the clinic with a 2-week history of ataxia, shuffling gait, cogwheel rigidity, resting tremor, and sad affect with masked features. This patient had been receiving high-dose buspirone (40 mg every morning and 30 mg every evening) for 2 years prior to the introduction of ritonavir/indinavir combination therapy (400 mg/400 mg twice daily) 6 weeks prior to initiation of the above symptoms. Buspirone was decreased to 15 mg 3 times daily, ritonavir/indinavir was discontinued, and amprenavir 1200 mg twice daily was added. The patient's symptoms began to subside after 1 week, with complete resolution after about 2 weeks. The patient continued to receive buspirone for an additional 12 months without recurrence of symptoms. DISCUSSION: This is the first reported interaction of buspirone and antiretrovirals. Buspirone, extensively metabolized by CYP3A4, was likely at supratherapeutic levels due to the inhibitory effect of ritonavir and, secondarily, indinavir. The Parkinson-like symptoms developed rapidly and severely, impacted this patient's quality of life, and necessitated significant clinic expenditures to identify this drug–drug interaction. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates a severe drug–drug interaction between buspirone and ritonavir and further demonstrates the need for awareness of the metabolic profile for all agents an HIV-infected patient is receiving.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pluta-Kubica ◽  
Ewelina Jamróz ◽  
Gohar Khachatryan ◽  
Adam Florkiewicz ◽  
Pavel Kopel

There is a serious need to develop and test new biodegradable packaging which could at least partially replace petroleum-based materials. Therefore, the objective of this work was to examine the influence of the recently developed furcellaran nanocomposite film with silver nanoparticles (obtained by an in situ method) on the quality properties of two cheese varieties: a rennet-curd (gouda) and an acid-curd (quark) cheese. The water content, physicochemical properties, microbiological and organoleptic quality of cheese, and migration of silver nanoparticles were examined. Both the number of Lactococcus and total bacteria count did not differ during storage of gouda regardless of the packaging applied. The number of Lactococcus decreased in analogous quark samples. The use of the film slowed down and inhibited the growth of yeast in gouda and quark, respectively. An inhibitory effect of this film on mold count was also observed; however, only regarding gouda. The level of silver migration was found to be lower in quark than in gouda. The film improved the microbiological quality of cheeses during storage. Consequently, it is worth continuing research for the improvement of this film in order to enable its use in everyday life.


Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Xiaozhen Li ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jianmin Wang ◽  
Junzhe Liu

In this work, the microstructure characteristics of corrosion products of reinforcement under a corrosive environment with chloride, carbonation and the combination of chloride-carbonization were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results indicate that the outside of the passivation film reacts with the cement slurry to produce Fe–SiO4 in all three corrosive environments. The inner side is not completely corroded. The morphology of the corrosion is different in the three environments. In a chloride environment, corrosion products have obvious cracks, and the local layered structure is dense. In a carbonation environment, the surface of the steel corrosion shows a uniform granular structure and loose texture. With the combination of chloride and combination, the surface of the structural layer of steel corrosion was uneven and accompanied by protrusions, cracking and spalling occurred. The composition of the corrosion substances in the three corrosion environments are mainly composed of FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and Fe–SiO4. The content of iron oxide increases from a chloride salt, carbonization to the composite environment, indicating that the corrosion degree intensifies successively.


Author(s):  
G. A. Larionov ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Checheneshkina ◽  
N. V. Mardaryeva ◽  
N. V. Sсhiptsova ◽  
...  

Safety of milk on microbiological indicators is an important condition for acceptance on the milk processing enterprise. High microbial contamination of milk and increased content of somatic cells in milk are often the cause of discrepancy to modern requirements of national and international regulatory documents. The development and implementation of measures aimed at improving the condition of the udder of cows, the use of modern means of processing is one of the most important tasks to improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions of milk production. Prevention of mastitis is one of the effective ways to improve the safety and quality of cows' milk. It is known that the most affordable way to prevent mastitis is strict hygiene during milking. In our article the results of research work received in the conditions of a dairy farm are presented. Researches on use of modern domestic means of processing of an udder before and after milking are carried out. For this, two experimental and one control groups were created. In summer and autumn, the udder of cows in the experimental groups were treated with special detergents and disinfectants. In the control group, the udders were not treated with special means. Udder hygiene was maintained by washing the nipples with warm water, as is customary in the household. It was established that the treatment of the udder of cows with disinfectants decreased the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms and somatic cells in the milk of cows.


2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUN-YOUNG LEE ◽  
SO-YOUNG GWON ◽  
SEUNG-JU KIM ◽  
BO KYUNG MOON

The antimicrobial effects of green tea and rosemary added to foods as antagonists to foodborne pathogens were determined in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes. The growth of each pathogen (Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, Typhimurium, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) in tryptic soy broth or rice cake with or without addition of green tea or rosemary leaf powders before autoclaving or cooking, respectively, was investigated after inoculation. The addition of 1% green tea or rosemary produced similar results for inhibiting the growth of pathogens in tryptic soy broth. However, green tea was more effective than rosemary for inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes. Both botanicals had inhibitory effects against all pathogens tested in this study. Green tea was particularly effective against B. cereus, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, and rosemary was strongly inhibitory against B. cereus and S. aureus. The addition of 1 or 3% green tea or rosemary to rice cakes did not significantly reduce total aerobic counts; however, levels of B. cereus and S. aureus were significantly reduced in rice cakes stored for 3 days at room temperature (22°C). The order of antimicrobial activities against B. cereus in rice cake was 1% rosemary < 1% green tea < 3% rosemary = 3% green tea. These results indicate that the use of natural plant materials such as green tea and rosemary could improve the microbial quality of foods in addition to their functional properties.


2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Yurchenko ◽  
I. S. Pogrebova ◽  
T. N. Pilipenko ◽  
T. E. Shubina

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