scholarly journals 602 PB 214 GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF ALMOND TREES AS AFFECTED BY PEACH AND PEACH-ALMOND HYBRID ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 518d-518
Author(s):  
Warren C. Micke ◽  
Mark W. Freeman ◽  
James T. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Peach Rootstocks ◽  
Central San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Planted Tree

A replicated rootstock trial for almond was established in 1986 in the central San Joaquin Valley, a major almond growing area for this most widely planted tree crop in California. `Nonpareil', the major cultivar in California, was used for this trial with `Fritz' grown as the pollenizing cultivar. Two standard rootstocks for almond, `Nemaguard' and `Lovell' peach, were compared to two newer peach-almond hybrid rootstocks, `Bright's' and `Hansen'. After eight years both hybrid rootstocks produced significantly larger trees than the peach rootstocks, based on trunk cross-sectional area. Trees on hybrid rootstocks frequently produced greater yields than those on peach rootstocks; although, differences were not always significant. However, there were generally no significant differences in production per trunk cross-sectional area (yield efficiency). Thus, increased production by trees on hybrid rootstock was the result of larger tree size and not an inherent increase in productive efficiency of the tree itself. Since trees on hybrid rootstock should be planted further apart than those on peach, production per hectare should not be significantly increased, at least under good growing conditions as represented in this trial.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS OF LEAF AREA AND TRUNK DIAMETER OF APPLE TREES AFFECTED BY ROOTSTOCK AN D CULTIVAR

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169c-1169
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
Renae E. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Old Trees

Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) has been used to estimate leaf area (LA) and yield efficiency but variation in LA and TCA relationships have been unexplored. LA and TCA of 10-yr-old 'Starkspur Supreme Delicious' on 9 rootstocks (STKs) were measured in 1989. LA and TCA of 2-yr-old trees of 3 cultivars (CVs) on 5 STKs were measured in 1991. Regression of LA and TCA was performed for each CV, STK and each CV/STK. On mature trees, LA varied significantly with STK. The number and LA of shoot leaves (LVS) and spur LVS varied with STK but the % of total was not significantly different (approx. 52% spur LVS). The relationships of LA and TCA were linear for mature (r2=.94) and young (r2=.44) trees. On young trees, TCA varied with CV, but LA did not. Both LA and TCA were significantly different among STKs. The linear relationships of LA and TCA had unique intercepts with each CV, STK and CV/STK combination but slopes were not significantly different. Leaf area of Jonagold' and 'Gala' tended to increase more with increasing TCA than 'Empire'.

scholarly journals A Statistical Model to Estimate Potential Yields in Peach before Bloom

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Miranda Jiménez ◽  
J. Bernardo Royo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Crop Density

Spring frosts are usual in many of Spain's fruit-growing areas, so it is common to insure crops against frost damage. After a frost, crop loss must be evaluated, by comparing what crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtainable at the beginning of the tree's growth cycle. During the years 1997 through 1999 and in 86 commercial plots of peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], the following measurements were obtained: trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, cm2), trunk cross sectional area per hectare (TCA/ha), estimated total shoot length per trunk cross-sectional area (SLT, shoot m/cm2 TCA), crop density (CD, amount of fruit/cm2 TCA), fruit weight (FW, g), yield efficiency (YE, kg of fruit/cm2 TCA), yield per tree (Y, kg fruit/tree) and days between full bloom and harvest (BHP, days). CD and average FW were related to the rest of the variables through the use of multiple regression models. The models which provided the best fit were CD = SLT - TCA/ha and FW = SLT + BHP - CD. These models were significant, consistent, and appropriate for all three years. The models' predictive ability was evaluated for 32 different plots in 2001 and 2002. Statistical analysis showed the models to be valid for the forecast of orchards' potential yield efficiency, so that they represent a useful tool for early crop prediction and evaluation of losses due to late frosts.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of sweet cherry trees on different roostocks

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hrotkó ◽  
L. Magyar ◽  
G. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Similar Tendency

The first nine years' results of sweet cherry rootstock trial from Hungary are presented with the aim to select efficient rootstocks for the local ecological conditions. The trials were established in 1989 with 'Van' and 'Germersdorfi óriás' cultivars on the following rootstocks: mahaleb Sainte Lucie 64, Colt, MxM 14, MxM 97. All the trees were headed at 80 cm and trained to a modified Brunner-spindle system. Tree size and yield was measured every year, and the cumulative yield efficiency was calculated. Based upon the results, mahaleb cherry SL 64 is a vigorous rootstock with good compatibility and productivity. In comparison to SL 64. the trunk cross-sectional area and canopy spread of the 'Van' trees decreased by 10-15% on rootstock Colt, while the trees of 'Germersdorfi orias' on Colt roostock grew even larger than on SL 64. Considerable 30-40 % reduction of tree size was achieved on trees grafted on M x M hybrids. Trees of `Germersdorfi óriás' showed a similar tendency without significant differences. The cumulative yield efficiency of `Van' trees after nine years was highest on rootstock MxM 14, followed by Sainte Lucie 64. Trees on Colt and MxM 97 rootstocks showed low productivity. `Germersdorfi óriás' produced the highest cumulative yield efficiency on SL 64, followed by MxM 14 and Colt and last MxM 97. Biennial bearing index of heavy cropping 'Van' trees was smaller than that of `Germersdorfi óriás'. The trees of 'Van' on MxM 97 showed higher biennial bearing index, while 'Germersdorfi orias' on different rootstocks showed similar tendency, but without significant differences. MxM 14 and MxM 97 rootstocks reduced the crotch angle of the shoots on both sweet cherry varieties which is disadvantegous to spindle training. Slight suckering (1-3/year) of the rootstocks Colt, MxM 14 and MxM 97 were observed during the first few years.

scholarly journals Statistical Model Estimates Potential Yields in Pear Cultivars `Blanquilla' and `Conference' before Bloom

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Miranda Jiménez ◽  
J. Bernardo Royo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Flower Density

Spring frosts are usual in many of Spain's fruit-growing areas, so it is common to insure crops against frost damage. After a frost, crop loss must be evaluated, by comparing what crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtainable at the beginning of the tree's growth cycle. During 1996 and 1997 and in 95 commercial plots of `Blanquilla' and `Conference' pear (Pyrus communis L.), the following measurements were obtained: trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, cm2), space allocated per tree (ST, m2), trunk cross-sectional area per hectare (TCA/ha), flower density (FD, number of flower buds/cm2 TCA), flower density per land area (FA, number of flower buds/m2 land area), cluster set (CS, number of fruit clusters/number of flower clusters, %), crop density (CD, number of fruit/cm2 TCA), fruit clusters per trunk cross-sectional area (FCT, number of fruit clusters/cm2 TCA), fruit clusters per land area (FCA, number of fruit clusters/m2 land area), fruit number per cluster (FNC), average fruit weight (FW, g), average yield per fruit cluster (CY, g), yield efficiency (YE, fruit g·cm-2 TCA), and tree yield (Y, fruit kg/tree). CS and average CY were related to the rest of the variables through the use of multiple regression models. The models that provided the best fit were CS = TCA/ha - FA and CY = -FA - FCT. These models were significant, consistent, and appropriate for both years. Predicted yield per land area was obtained by multiplying FA × CS × CY. The models' predictive ability was evaluated for 46 different plots in 2001 and 2002. Statistical analysis showed the models to be valid for the forecast of orchards' potential yield efficiency, so that they represent a useful tool for early crop prediction and evaluation of losses due to late frosts.

scholarly journals Growth and productivity characteristics of Japanese plum cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
Gordan Zec
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Japanese Plum

Growth and productivity characteristics including: initial and final fruit set, yield per tree, trunk cross-sectional area, yield efficiency and fruit weight were studied in ten cultivars of Japanese plums in the Belgrade area for the period of three years (2013-2015). Initial fruit set ranged from 5.6 to 44.4%, and the final fruit set from 2.6 to 23.36%. The high yield per tree (over 10 kg) was obtained in cultivars ?Obilnaja? and ?Morettini 355?, whereas the low yield (under 5 kg) was obtained in cultivars ?Strival?, ?Black Amber?, ?Early Angeleno? and ?Autumn Giant?. The lowest vigor was observed in the cultivar ?Golden Plum?, and the highest in the cultivar ?Strival?. The majority of cultivars had a very large fruit (over 50 g). The yield was strongly positively correlated with initial and final fruit set (r = 0.84**; r = 0.92**, respectively). Fruit weight was moderately negatively correlated with initial and final fruit set (r = -0.67*; r = -0.63*, respectively).

scholarly journals Yield efficiency for nine apple cultivars grafted on two rootstocks

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1701-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Caetano Fioravanço ◽  
Ana Beatriz Costa Czermainski ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Dias de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Apple Cultivars

ABSTRACT: Currently, using smaller trees is one of the most important trends in apple cultivation. It is expected that reduced size plants produce lower amount of fruit, but with high yield and yield efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield efficiency (YE) of nine apple tree cultivars, grafted on two rootstocks, from the second to the seventh year after planting. The YE indexes oscillated from one to the other year, regardless of rootstock. Correlations between YE and yield per tree and between YE and trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) confirmed that efficiency can be increased by the production increment or by the plant's vigor reduction. The usefulness of cumulative YE (ƩYE) is highlighted to compare apple tree cultivars after the third year of production. The highest ƩYE indexes were observed for 'Royal Gala' and 'Baigent', on M-9 rootstock, and for 'Gala Real' and 'Maxi-Gala', on Marubakaido/M-9 rootstock.

scholarly journals 583 Field performance of Grafted Chestnut Cultivars and their Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 547B-547
Author(s):  
Rachel Byard ◽  
Ian A. Merwin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
The Third

We planted grafted and seedling chestnuts of six cultivars in Lansing, N.Y., in April 1995 to evaluate performance of the different cultivars in our region and to compare grafted and seedling trees. We used the following cultivars: the Chinese chestnut cultivar Mossbarger (Castanea mollissima) and five interspecific hybrid cultivars [Douglas 1A (C. mollissima × C. dentata), Eaton [C. mollissima × (C. crenata × C. dentata)[, Skioka (C. mollissima × C. sativa), Layeroka (open-pollinated daughter of `Skioka'), and Grimo 142Q (an open pollinated daughter of `Layeroka')]. Growth was not significantly different between cultivars. There were no notable correlations between trunk cross-sectional area at planting and any measurement after the first year. Significant differences between cultivars were found for mortality, yield, and yield efficiency. `Eaton' had the lowest mortality rate (2%) of all cultivars. `Grimo 142Q' and `Layeroka' had the highest dry weight yields and the greatest yield efficiencies, although `Grimo 142Q' had significantly larger nuts than `Layeroka'. In 1998, the largest nuts (5.2 g) were harvested from `Mossbarger' and `Eaton trees'. `Skioka' had the highest mortality (48%), lowest yield, lowest yield efficiency, and smallest nut size. In the first 2 years, most grafted trees showed significantly higher yields and greater yield efficiency than seedling trees. By the third year, differences in yield between grafted and seedling trees were no longer significant for most cultivars. Over the 3 years most grafted trees revealed higher mortality and slower growth than seedlings of the same cultivar. Seedlings did not show more variability in measurements than grafted trees of the same cultivar.

GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEAR CULTIVARS ON SEVERAL ROOTSTOCKS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1183
Author(s):  
F. KAPPEL ◽  
H. A. QUAMME
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Pyrus Communis L

Two rootstock plantings, with Bartlett and Harvest Queen as scion cultivars, were planted in 1976 and 1977 to compare a number of Old Home × Farmingdale (OH × F), Pyrus communis L., clonal rootstocks with Quince A, Cydonia oblonga L. (Buerre Hardy interstock), and Bartlett seedling rootstocks. Many of the Bartlett trees died because of infection by fire blight whereas very few Harvest Queen trees have died. Trunk cross-sectional area was affected by rootstock with OH × F 69 producing the largest trees and Quince A or OH × F 333 the smallest trees. Annual yield was affected by rootstock with OH × F 69 and OH × F 87 having the highest per tree yields. Mean fruit size of Harvest Queen was greater on Quince A, OH × F 69 and OH × F 87 whereas, OH × F 333 produced the smallest fruit. OH × F 51 had the best yield efficiency (accumulated yield/trunk cross-sectional area), followed by OH × F 69 and OH × F 87. Predicted per hectare yields and optimum tree densities were calculated and discussed.Key words: Pyrus communis, Old Home × Farmingdale rootstock, accumulated yield, trunk cross-sectional area

scholarly journals 632 PB 284 EVALUATION OF MATURE `BARTLETT' PEAR SELECTIONS GRAFTED ON FIVE ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 519g-519
Author(s):  
Wilbur Reil ◽  
David Ramos ◽  
Ronald Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Block Experiment

Three selections from different bud sources of Bartlett pear were planted in a split block experiment grafted to five rootstocks in 1971. In 1992 and 1993, significant yield and yield efficiency differences occurred between the three selections. The highest yielding selection produced 51 and 40% greater weight then the lowest. The lowest yielding selection also had smaller fruit and lower soluble solids. Differences of 37 and 52% occurred between the highest and lowest yielding rootstocks. There were also significant differences in trunk cross sectional area, yield efficiency. fruit pressure and soluble solids between rootstocks.

scholarly journals Tree and Fruit Growth of `Napoleon' Cherry in Response to Rootstock and Planting Method

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita N. Miller ◽  
Porter B. Lombard ◽  
Melvin N. Westwood ◽  
Robert L. Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Planting Method

`Napoleon' grafted onto Colt, F/12-1, and MxM60 rootstock were planted into three types of tree holes: augered; backhoed, and backhoed plus fumigation. The auger treatment resulted in lower yields, smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TSCA), and smaller canopy volume when compared to backhoed holes. Fumigation had no significant effect. Trees on Colt rootstock were more precocious, had a smaller TCSA and canopy volume, greater cumulative yield efficiency, and, in 1987, the smallest fruit weight. The yield efficiency of Colt was the highest until 1988, when it was surpassed by MxM60, but was still similar to F/12-l. Yields were highest on trees of MxM60 in 1987 and 1988.

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