scholarly journals SPUNBONDED FABRIC COVERS ALTER EARLY SEASON GROWTH AND FRUIT SET IN CRANBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105c-1105
Author(s):  
Elden J. Stang ◽  
John Klueh
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Polypropylene Fabric ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Spunbonded polypropylene fabric covers were applied over mature `Searles' cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. in the field during dormancy in 1989. Covers were selectively removed at 3 week intervals in April, May and early June after onset of growth. Plant canopy air temperatures under fabric were 5 to 6C higher than in exposed controls. Temperature differences up to 17C were measured in early June. Soil temperatures did not differ from the control until late May. Earlier greening of leaf tissue resulted in increased photosynthetic rates earlier in the growing season under fabric covers. Subsequent shoot dry weight was increased 5%; leaf size was not affected. A trend to increased fruit set (4 to 6%) with fabric cover treatments was observed when covers were applied for 6 or 9 weeks. Total fruit yield and anthocyanin content were not appreciably influenced by fabric covers.

Integration among ramets of Trifolium repens

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Neighbour Effects ◽  
Stolon Length

Cuttings of Trifolium repens were grown in pots without neighbours. When individual interconnected stolons from these cuttings were directed into adjacent pots so that daughter ramets were growing with different grass neighbours, these neighbouring grasses had dissimilar effects on leaf number, leaf size, percent branching of nodes, stolon length, and shoot dry weight. When the T. repens cuttings were grown in pots with neighbours, the effects of different grass neighbours on subsequent growth of stolons and ramets evened out. Key words: integration, clone, ramet, neighbour effects, Trifolium repens.

scholarly journals GROWTH RESPONSE OF SNAPDRAGON ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS TO NIGHT AIR TEMPERATURES AND ELEVATED ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160b-1160
Author(s):  
Khin San Wai ◽  
S.E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Zone Temperature

The response of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) cultivars (`Tampicoi' and `Rainier White') to night air temperatures (10C and 20C) and elevated root-zone temperature (26C and ambient) was studied. Height of plants grown with a heated root-zone were greater, compared to unheated at both night temperatures for both cultivars. Shoot dry weight of `Tampico' plants was reduced by heated root-zone temperature at 20C night air temperature. Raceme length was greater with heated root-zone temperature compared to unheated at 10C night air temperature. Days to flower were shorter with heated compared to unheated root-zone at both night air temperatures for both cultivars. Stomatal diffusive resistance was greater on plants with unheated compared to heated root-zone temperature at 10C night air temperature for `Rainier White'.

scholarly journals Automated Irrigation Control for Improved Growth and Quality of Gardenia jasminoides ‘Radicans’ and ‘August Beauty’

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bayer ◽  
John Ruter ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Sustainable use of water resources is of increasing importance in container plant production as a result of decreasing water availability and an increasing number of laws and regulations regarding nursery runoff. Soil moisture sensor-controlled, automated irrigation can be used to irrigate when substrate volumetric water content (θ) drops below a threshold, improving irrigation efficiency by applying water only as needed. We compared growth of two Gardenia jasminoides cultivars, slow-growing and challenging ‘Radicans’ and easier, fast-growing ‘August Beauty’, at various θ thresholds. Our objective was to determine how irrigation can be applied more efficiently without negatively affecting plant quality, allowing for cultivar-specific guidelines. Soil moisture sensor-controlled, automated irrigation was used to maintain θ thresholds of 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, or 0.50 m3·m−3. Growth of both cultivars was related to θ threshold, and patterns of growth were similar in both Watkinsville and Tifton, GA. High mortality was observed at the 0.20-m3·m−3 threshold with poor root establishment resulting from the low irrigation volume. Height, width, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and leaf size were greater for the 0.40 and 0.50 m3·m−3 than the 0.20 and 0.30-m3·m−3 θ thresholds. Irrigation volume increased with increasing θ thresholds for both cultivars. For ‘August Beauty’, cumulative irrigation volume ranged from 0.96 to 63.21 L/plant in Tifton and 1.89 to 87.9 L/plant in Watkinsville. For ‘Radicans’, cumulative irrigation volume ranged from 1.32 to 126 L/plant in Tifton and from 1.38 to 261 L/plant in Watkinsville. There was a large irrigation volume difference between the 0.40 and 0.50-m3·m−3 θ thresholds with little additional growth, suggesting that the additional irrigation applied led to overirrigation and leaching. Bud and flower number of ‘Radicans’ were greatest for the 0.40-m3·m−3 θ threshold, indicating that overirrigation can reduce flowering. The results of this study show that growth of the different G. jasminoides cultivars responded similarly to θ threshold at both locations. Similarities in growth and differences in irrigation volume at the 0.40 and 0.50-m3·m−3 θ thresholds show that more efficient irrigation can be used without negatively impacting growth.

scholarly journals Variation in waterlogging response among ecotypes of Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yanninicum and their relationships with site of origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gereltsetseg Enkhbat ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Phillip G. H. Nichols ◽  
Kevin J. Foster ◽  
Yoshiaki Inukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Length Reduction

Abstract Background and AimsIn the annual pasture legume Trifolium subterraneum, ssp. yanninicum exhibits higher waterlogging tolerance than ssp. brachycalycinum and ssp. subterraneum. This study investigates waterlogging tolerance within ssp. yanninicum ecotypes and explores correlations with seedling phenotypic traits and site of origin eco-geographic variables.MethodsTwenty eight diverse ssp. yanninicum ecotypes collected from the Mediterranean region and four cultivars were grown in a controlled environment glasshouse. After 14 days of growth seedling traits were measured. After 21 days of growth, free-drained (control) and waterlogged treatments were imposed for 28 days. Eco-geographic variables were generated from ‘WorldClim’ using collection site locations.ResultsUnder waterlogging, shoot relative growth rate (RGR) ranged from 87–108% and root RGR ranged from 80–116% of controls. Waterlogging reduced shoot dry weight (DW) in four of 32 genotypes, while root DW was reduced in 13 genotypes. Leaf size was maintained, or even increased, under waterlogging in 31 genotypes. However, petiole length was more affected by waterlogging and has value as a waterlogging tolerance indicator. Waterlogging tolerance was not significantly correlated with seedling DW, flowering time or precipitation at the site of origin, while shoot growth under waterlogging had a positive correlation with summer temperatures at origin.ConclusionsGenotypes of ssp. yanninicum tolerated transient waterlogging and greater tolerance was observed among ecotypes, rather than cultivars. An easy-to-measure indicator of tolerance was found in petiole length reduction. This study highlights untapped genotypic variability for breeders to improve the productivity and persistence of ssp. yanninicum under waterlogging.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SHEEP MANURE EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF TOMATO SEEDLINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-A'amry & AL-Sulaimawi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
K Concentration

The experiment was conducted under shading (with the aid of Saran) condition on a nursery managed by the Baghdad Mayoralty during the season of 2014-2015 to study the effect of composed sheep manure extract on the growth and leaf nutrients content of tomato seedlings var. Wijdan. The experiment was composed of 6 treatments included the extract of sheep manure by hot (425C)and lmbient(205C) temperature water .The extract was diluted to the half by water and foliar applied to seedlings (multible application) or to the soil . Treatments also included the application of NPK chemical fertilizers as recommended and a control treatment through applying distilled water as foliar .The experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and means were compared using least significant differences (LSD) test at 5% level of significance. The results showed  recommended chemical fertilization gave the most significant increase in terms of number of leaves, plant height, shoot dry weight, root length, and root dry weight, which were, 6.33 leaf.plant-1, 23.83 cm.plant-1, 0.711 g.plant-1, 26.08 cm.plant-1, and 0.192 g.plant-1 respectively .The treatments of  hot water extracted sheep manure compost show significant effect compared to control treatment. In addition, chemical treatment significantly increased N, P, and K concentration in leaf tissue. Mg and Ca concentration were higher in hot extract treatment and chemical treatment with no differences between them . treatments of  lmbient extract  gave a results less than chemical treatment in all indicates and  less than treatments of  hot extract in some indicates , while the control treatment gave a less results in this study.        

scholarly journals Temperature Effects on Growth of Impatiens Plug Seedlings in Controlled Environments

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dreesen ◽  
Robert W. Langhans
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures

The objective of this study was to determine the dry weight, height, and leaf area growth responses of impatiens (Impatiens walerana Hook. f.) plug seedlings to air temperatures ranging from 18 to 29C. The conditions maintained in the controlled-environment growth rooms (CEGR) were ambient C02 levels, 24-h lighting, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) ranging from ≈215; to 335 μmol·m-2·s-1. Mean daily temperatures of the plug medium ranged from 19.6 to 27.7C. At the higher PPF level, shoot dry weight decreased at plug medium temperatures (PMT) > 25C; at lower PPF levels (<300 μmol·m-2·s-1), shoot dry weight continued to increase with PMT > 25C. The mean relative growth rate (MRGR) of shoot dry weight was positively correlated with PMT during the initial growth period (up to 14 days from sowing) and was negatively correlated thereafter. The maximum MRGR was predicted to occur at 11.7 days from sowing for a PMT of 19.6C, at 10.8 days for a PMT of 21.6C, and at 9.7 days for a PMT of 23.6C. Linear regression coefficients of shoot height as a function of PMT were substantially higher for seedlings grown at lower PPF than those for seedlings from the highest PPF level. Seedling leaf area consistently increased with increasing temperature. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased with increasing seedling age NAR increased with increasing PPF. A decrease in NAR was apparent at 29C relative to values at the lower temperatures. Leaf area ratio (LAR) declined with increasing seedling age and PPF; a quadratic relationship of LAR as a function of PMT indicates a minimum LAR at 22.5C. The seedlings grown at 29C were excessively tall, had thin succulent leaves, and were judged unacceptable for shipping and transplanting. Maximum quality indices (i.e., dry weight per height) were found at PMT of 24.3 to 25.OC for 10- to 14-day-old seedlings and at PMT of 23.0 to 24.OC for 16- to 20-day-old seedlings.

scholarly journals A Heat Unit Model to Predict Growth and Development of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Naud.) to Anthesis

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 790D-790
Author(s):  
S. Jenni ◽  
D.C. Cloutier ◽  
G. Bourgeois ◽  
K.A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Unit Model ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Unit Formula

Plant dry weight of muskmelon transplants to anthesis could be predicted from a multiple linear regression based on air and soil temperatures prevailing under 11 mulch and rowcover combinations. The two dependent variables of the regression model consisted of a heat unit formula for air temperatures with a base temperature of 14C and a maximum-reduced threshold at 40C, and a standard growing-degree-day formula for soil temperatures with a base temperature of 12C. Based on 2 years of data, 86.5% of the variation in the dry weight (on a log scale) could be predicted with this model. The base temperature for predicting time to anthesis of muskmelon transplants was established at 6.8C and the thermal time ranged between 335 and 391 degree-days during the 2 years of the experiment.

scholarly journals Relative Salt Tolerance of Eight Japanese Barberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1810-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifei Chen ◽  
Youping Sun ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
James Altland
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Japanese Barberry ◽  
Visual Score ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
And Performance

Relative salt tolerance of eight Berberis thunbergii (japanese barberry) cultivars (B. thunbergii ‘Celeste’, ‘Kasia’, ‘Maria’, ‘Mini’, and ‘Talago’; B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea ‘Concorde’, ‘Helmond Pillar’, and ‘Rose Glow’) was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Plants were irrigated with nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solutions at an EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1 (EC 5 or EC 10) once a week for 8 weeks. At 4 weeks after treatment, all barberry cultivars in EC 5 had minimal foliar damage with visual scores of 4 or greater (visual score 0: dead, 5: excellent). At 8 weeks after treatment, in EC 5, ‘Helmond Pillar’, ‘Maria’, ‘Mini’, and ‘Rose Glow’ plants exhibited slight foliar salt damage with an average visual score of 3.5, whereas ‘Celeste’, ‘Concorde’, ‘Kasia’, and ‘Talago’ had minimal foliar salt damage with an averaged visual score of 4.4. However, most barberry plants in EC 10 exhibited severe foliar salt damage 4 weeks after treatment with the exception of ‘Concorde’ and were dead 8 weeks after treatment. Compared with control, at the end of the experiment (8 weeks of treatments), shoot dry weight (DW) of ‘Celeste’, ‘Helmond Pillar’, ‘Maria’, and ‘Rose Glow’ in EC 5 was reduced by 47%, 47%, 50%, and 42%, respectively, whereas shoot DW of ‘Concorde’, ‘Kasia’, ‘Mini’, and ‘Talago’ in EC 5 did not change. In EC 10, shoot DW of ‘Celeste’, ‘Concorde’, ‘Kasia’, and ‘Talago’ was reduced by 75%, 35%, 55%, and 46%, respectively. The averaged sodium (Na) concentration of all barberry cultivars in EC 5 and EC 10 was 34 and 87 times, respectively, higher than the control, whereas leaf chloride (Cl) concentration of all barberry cultivars in EC 5 and EC 10 was 14–60 and 29–106 times, respectively, higher than the control. Growth, visual quality, and performance index (PI) were all negatively correlated with leaf Na and Cl content in all cultivars, suggesting that excessive Na and Cl accumulation in the leaf tissue led to growth reduction, salt damage, and death. In summary, ‘Concorde’, ‘Kasia’, and ‘Talago’ were relatively salt tolerant; ‘Helmond Pillar’, ‘Maria’, ‘Mini’, and ‘Rose Glow’ were relatively salt sensitive; and ‘Celeste’ was in between the two groups. Generally, barberry plants had moderate salt tolerance and can be irrigated with marginal water at an EC of 5 dS·m−1 or lower with slight foliar damage.

Root and shoot development in Corymbia calophylla and Banksia brownii after the application of the fungicide phosphite

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Barrett ◽  
B. L. Shearer ◽  
G. E. St J. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Abnormalities

The effects of low-volume foliar application (24, 48, 96 kg ha–1) of phosphite on root and shoot development in Corymbia calophylla Lindley and Banksia brownii ex R.Br. were investigated in a glasshouse study. Shoot growth, root and shoot dry weight and root length were not significantly reduced by phosphite application in C. calophylla 2 weeks and 4 months after phosphite application. Shoot growth, shoot dry weight and root length were not significantly reduced in the non-mycorrhizal B. brownii. However, in plants treated with 24 and 96 kg ha–1, root dry weight was significantly reduced 4 months but not 2 weeks after spray. A discoloration of the root stele was also observed in phosphite-treated plants of this species. At 2 weeks after spray, root concentrations of phosphite in C. calophylla were up to five times higher than shoot concentrations. At 4 months after application, growth abnormalities were observed in B. brownii and these included spindly new shoot growth with rosetted foliage of reduced leaf size. The results of this study, which assessed one mycorrhizal and one non-mycorrhizal native species, suggest that species may vary in their response to phosphite in terms of root development and phosphite applied at rates of 24 kg ha–1 or higher may result in reduced root growth, particularly in non-mycorrhizal species. Further studies on root development in a wider range of species are needed to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Ten Ornamental Taxa to Saline Water Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Youping Sun ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
James Altland ◽  
Lifei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Because of limited supply of high-quality water, alternative water sources have been used for irrigation in water-scarce regions. However, alternative waters usually contain high salt levels, which can cause salt damage on salt-sensitive plants. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relative salt tolerance of 10 common ornamental taxa to saline water irrigation. The 10 taxa studied were Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Orange Storm’ and ‘Pink Storm’ (Chaenomeles Double Take™); Diervilla rivularis ‘G2X885411’, ‘G2X88544’ (Diervilla Kodiak®, Black, Orange, and Red, respectively), and ‘Smndrsf’; Forsythia ×intermedia ‘Mindor’ (Forsythia Show Off®); Hibiscus syriacus ‘ILVOPS’ (Hibiscus Purple Satin®); Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Smhmtau’ and ‘Smnhmsigma’ (Hydrangea Let’s Dance® Blue Jangles® and Rave, respectively); and Parthenocissus quinquefolia ‘Troki’ (Parthenociss quinquefolia Red Wall®). Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solutions at EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1 (EC 5 or EC 10) eight times on a weekly basis. The results indicated that the 10 ornamental taxa had different morphological and physiological responses to salinity. The C. speciosa and D. rivularis plants in EC 5 had severe salt foliar damage, whereas those in EC 10 were dead. Hibiscus syriacus ‘ILVOPS’ performed well in EC 5 treatment with a shoot dry weight (DW) reduction of 26%, but those in EC 10 had severe foliar salt damage. Hydrangea macrophylla, F. ×intermedia ‘Mindor’ and P. quinquefolia ‘Troki’ were the most salt tolerant with minor foliar salt damage. The two H. macrophylla cultivars had the highest shoot sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) concentrations with a visual quality of 3 (scale 0 to 5 with 0 for dead plants and 5 for excellent performance), indicating that H. macrophylla plants adapted to elevated salinity by tolerating high Na and Cl concentrations in leaf tissue. Forsythia ×intermedia ‘Mindor’ and P. quinquefolia ‘Troki’ had relatively low leaf Na and Cl concentration, indicating that both taxa are capable of excluding Na and Cl. Chaenomeles speciosa and D. rivularis were sensitive to salinity with great growth reduction, severe foliar salt damage, and high Na and Cl accumulation in leaf tissue.

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