scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF 12- TO 14- MONTH SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZERS IN AZALEA PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 485a-485
Author(s):  
Joseph Eakes ◽  
John W. Olive
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
First 90 Days

Five 12- to 14- month slow release fertilizers (Osmocote 17-7-12, Sierra 16-6-10, High-N 24-4-7, Sierrablend 17-7-10, and Nutricote 16-10-10 Type 360) were incorporated into a 3:1 pine bark: peat moss potting medium at one of 4 rates (0.9, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 kg N/m3). Plant growth of 3 azale a species, `Coral Bells' (Kurume), `Formosa' (Southern Indica), and `Pink Gumpo' (Satsuki), and monthly medium solution electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. Growth indices 180 days after applying fertilizer were greatest for plants receiving the Sierrablend and Osmocote fertilizers regardless of azalea species. Plant growth indices increased as N rate increased for the 3 azaleas, regardless of the fertilizer product. The highest media solution EC readings occurred during the first 90 days after fertilizer application for all fertilizer treatments and declined thereafter.

scholarly journals Nitrate in Runoff Water from Container Grown Juniper and Alberta Spruce Under Different Irrigation and N Fertilization Regimes

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rathier ◽  
Charles R. Frink
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Water Volumes

Abstract Juniperus horizontalis Moench ‘Plumosa Compacta Youngstown’ (compact Andorra juniper) and Picea glauca Moench (Voss) ‘Conica’ (dwarf Alberta spruce) were grown for one season in 2.2 1 (#1) nursery containers in a potting medium containing composted hardwood bark, sphagnum peat moss and sand (1:1:1 by vol). The containers were placed over lysimeters permitting continuous collection and measurement of water passing through and around the containers. Slow release or soluble N was applied at an annual rate of 1.6 g of N per pot. Containers were irrigated by either trickle or overhead methods and water volumes were recorded. Subsamples of leachate were collected and analyzed for nitrate. Much less nitrate was leached by the trickle than by the overhead irrigation. Although slow release N sources lost considerably less nitrate in runoff water, there is still sufficient nitrate lost by these sources to pollute ground water unless annual fertilizer needs are supplied by split applications. Depending on sources, 58–80% of the N applied as slow release fertilizers was not recovered in either the plant or runoff water.

scholarly journals Growth of Hardy Chrysanthemums in Containers of Media Amended with Composted Municipal Sewage Sludge

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Francis R. Gouin
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Chrysanthemum X Morifolium ◽  
Complete Fertilizer

Four hardy Chrysanthemum X morifolium (Ramat) (chrysanthemum) cultivars were grown in peat sand media amended with 2 sources of sewage sludge compost at 50, 60 and 67% of the media by volume. Chrysanthemums growing in the 50% to 60% by volume composted sewage sludge treatments and top dressed with complete or only N slow-release fertilizers were comparable to plants growing in a commercially available potting medium with a complete fertilizer. Media containing 50 and 60% compost with a pH range of 6.2 to 6.9 supplied trace elements and most of the P and K necessary for normal plant growth. The use of a surfactant increased the fresh weight in some compost blends.

scholarly journals 775 PB 383 A LEACHING FRAME FOR DETERMINING MEDIA RETENTION OF DRENCH-APPLIED PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 544a-544
Author(s):  
Jesse R. Quarrels ◽  
Steven E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
The Media ◽  
Residual Plant

A leaching frame was constructed to detect residual plant growth regulators in media. The table was 0.9 × 1.8 m and designed to hold 40 10-cm diameter by 30-cm PVC cylinders. Each cylinder was cut lengthwise in half and resealed with duct tape. Rooted cuttings of `Freedom' poinsettias were planted into each cylinder using two media combinations: 2 vermiculite: 2 peat moss: 1 pine bark and 2 vermiculite: 1 peat moss: 2 pine bark (by volume). Four growth regulator treatments were applied to the medium two weeks after transplanting: control, 0.25 mg paclobutrazol, 0.25 mg uniconazole, and 0.125 mg paclobutrazol applied as spike. After plant growth was recorded, the cylinders were removed and sliced lengthwise. Snapdragon plugs were then transplanted into the medium along the length of the cylinder to determine if any residual paclobutrazol remained. Paclobutrazol and uniconazole reduced stem length. The presence of pine bark in the media reduced the effect of the plant growth regulators.

scholarly journals Slow-release Fertilizer Source and Rate Affects Fall Garden Mum Vegetative Growth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 593e-593
Author(s):  
Edward Bush ◽  
Jeff Kuehny ◽  
Patricia Branch
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Three slow-release fertilizer formulations (Osmocote 14–14–14, 18–6–12, and Nutricote 17–6–10) at three rates (1, 2, and 3 lb/yd3) were incorporated into 4 pine bark: 1 sand (by volume) media filling 1-gal nursery containers. Additional treatments included slow-release fertilizer formulations at 1 lb/yd3 fertigated with 100 ppm N 20–10–20 fertilizer. As fertilizer rates increased, vegetative height, width, and dry-weight accumulation generally increased for both pinched and no-pinch mum crops. Fertigated pinch and no-pinch mums were the largest plants with the greatest dry-weight accumulation for each fertilizer formulation. The high rate for all slow-release fertilizers produced the greatest vegetative growth for nonfertigated treatments. This research suggest that higher rates for incorporated slow-release fertilizers and/or fertigation are required to produce maximum vegetative growth.

scholarly journals Optimum Soluble and Slow-release N Rates for Rhododendrons and the Fate of Such N Applied to Various Potting Media

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 794E-794
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rathier
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Total N ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
N Rates

Two year-long, factorial experiments were conducted on Rhododendron catawbienses (cv. Roseum elegans) grown in 2.3-liter plastic pots. I) Annual N rates of 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 g/pot were applied as NH4NO3 (SBL) or sulfur-coated urea (SR) to plants potted in a composted hardwood bark (CHB)/peatmoss (P)/sand (S) medium. Plant growth and quality was best at 0.8 g N/pot for SBL and 1.6 and 3.2 g N/pot for SR. II) Annual N rates of 0.8 (SBL) and 2.4 (SR) g/pot were chosen as optimum rates and applied to plants potted in the following media: pine bark (PB)/P/S; CHB/P/S; P/S; and PB/CHB/P/S. Plant growth and N uptake was best in PB/PS. Plant quality was best in P/S. NO3 in leachate did not differ among media, but was greater in SBL. Total N immobilized in media was greater in PB/CHB/P/S. N recovered from SR-treated pots as unused fertilizer did not differ among media. Total applied N recovered was 90% for SBL and 51% for SR.

scholarly journals Plant growth response of subirrigated salvia 'Vista Red' to increasing water levels at two substrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhuanito S Ferrarezi ◽  
Marc W van Iersel ◽  
Roberto Testezlaf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss

ABSTRACT: Subirrigation applies water and nutrients to the bottom of pots without wetting leaves, improving water use and reducing disease spread compared to overhead irrigation systems. However, water levels applied within the benches are often higher than required to promote capillary action, applying more water than needed and wasting pumping energy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different water levels on plant growth of subirrigated salvia (Salvia splendens) 'Vista Red' in two substrates. Five water levels (0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 cm) and two substrates {pine bark: sphagnum peat moss and peat: perlite (both 75%: 25% v/v)} were tested, with four replications. Substrate moisture was monitored by capacitance-type sensors connected to a multiplexer and data logger. Volumetric water content (VWC) was higher in peat: perlite (0.34 to 0.75 m3/m3) than pine bark: sphagnum peat moss (0.21 to 0.60 m3/m3) at all water levels. Higher water levels increased VWC in both substrates. The leaf chlorophyll index was 4% lower at the 6.0 cm compared to the other treatments in peat: perlite (p<0.0001). Stomatal conductance decreased overtime; but increased with the increase in water levels in peat: perlite (p<0.0001). Different water levels had no effect on leaf area, net photosynthesis, number of branches and leaves, and shoot dry weight (p>0.05), an indication that the different water levels do not affect the plant growth. However, shoot plant height increased 13% in pine bark: sphagnum peat moss (p=0.0096) and 17% in peat: perlite (p=0.0335) as water levels increased. Water levels of 1.5 cm and higher can be recommended for pine bark: sphagnum peat moss or peat: perlite in subirrigation, applying water according to plant needs, optimizing plant growth and reducing the nutrient solution pumping costs compared to systems that apply higher water levels.

scholarly journals Response of Lotus (Nelumbo sp.) to Container Soil Volume

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Daike Tian ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Floyd M. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Volume ◽  
Soil Level

Abstract The effect of soil volume on containerized lotus (Nelumbo) production has been underreported. American lotus (Nelumbo lutea Willd.) and three cultivars (‘Embolene’, ‘98 Seed’ and ‘Karizma’) of Asian lotus (N. nucifera Gaertn.) were investigated for growth response to container soil volume in this study. Electrical conductivity, pH, plant growth indices, and plant nutritional content were influenced by container soil volume. Differences in some plant growth indices were significant between treatments with ½ and higher (½ and ¾) container height soil (CHS) in 21 or 29 liter (#5 or #7) containers. However, plant growth indices were generally not different between treatments with ½ and ¾ CHS. Lotus planted in containers with ¼ CHS usually produced the greatest plant height and underground fresh weight, while the largest number of propagules often occurred in containers with ½ or ¾ CHS. The highest number of emerging leaves was observed in plants with ¼ or ½ CHS treatments, with no significant difference in emerging leaf number between lotus grown in containers with ½ and ¾ CHS. Flower number generally decreased as soil level increased. The ¼ and ½ CHS were more efficient than ¾ CHS for lotus production in containers.

scholarly journals Production of Woody Nursery Crops in Clean Chip Residual Substrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Thomas V. Gallagher ◽  
H. Allen Torbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Buddleja Davidii ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Abstract Clean chip residual (CCR) is a potential replacement for pine bark (PB) in nursery crop substrates. It is a by-product of in-field forestry harvesting practices and has been shown to produce annual plants and perennials similar in size to plants grown in PB. Studies were conducted in two locations, Auburn, AL, and Poplarville, MS, to evaluate growth of woody ornamentals grown in CCR or PB. Five species were tested; Loropetalum chinensis var. rubrum, Buddleja davidii ‘Black Knight’, Lagerstroemia indica ‘Hopi’, Lagerstroemia × fauriei ‘Natchez’, and Rhododendron indicum ‘Mrs. G.G. Gerbing’. There were few differences in plant growth indices, leaf chlorophyll content, and inflorescence number over the course of the year for all species at both sites. Percent rootball coverage was generally similar among treatments, though those grown in PB had the greatest percent rootball coverage for loropetalum and buddleja (at both sites) and azalea at Auburn. Shoot dry weight of loropetalum and crapemytrle grown in PB at Poplarville was greater than plants grown in CCR.

scholarly journals Effect of a Medium-Incorporated Hydrogel on Plant Growth and Water Use of Two Foliage Species

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Tung Wang ◽  
Carol A. Boogher
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Chlorophytum Comosum ◽  
Use Efficiency

A fully expanded hydrogel, Agrosoke, was used to replace 5% (1 ×) or 10% (2 ×) of the volume of a potting medium to determine its effect on plant growth and water use. Although irrigation frequency was unaffected by Agrosoke, spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques ‘Vittatum’) grown in the 2 × medium were 50% larger and had more lateral shoots and better root systems than the control, demonstrating improved water use efficiency. Agrosoke had no effect on either irrigation frequency or on fresh weight of Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott. ‘Rooseveltii’). Leachates from hydrogel-amended media had higher electrical conductivity indicating that more nutrients and other salts were held by these media.

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