scholarly journals PELLETIZED SEWAGE SLUDGE AS A TURFGRASS FERTILIZER.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158d-1158
Author(s):  
S. A. Mackintosh ◽  
R. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Sludge Application ◽  
Better Than

Environmental concerns associated with traditional methods of sludge disposal have spurred research exploring alternate avenues of disposal. A potentially significant alternative is the beneficial use of sludge as a turfgrass fertilizer. Studies were initiated during 1991 to compare a commercially available pelletized sludge to urea; 12-4-6; Ringer Lawn Restore; and Milorganite. Fertilizers were evaluated for their effect on turfgrass quality, color, and growth rate. Treatments were applied to a stand composed of 65% Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. `Baron') and 35% Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. `Manhattan II') in South Deerfield, MA. Urea and 12-4-6 were applied at 49 kg N ha-1. Ringer Lawn Restore and Milorganite were applied at 98 kg N ha-1. Pelletized sludge was applied at 98, 196, 294, and 392 kg N ha-1 with all rates providing acceptable to good turfgrass color throughout the season. Rates of 294 or 392 kg seldom provided quality better than the 196 kg rate. While urea initially produced quality superior to pelletized sludge, all rates of sludge resulted in quality equal to or better than urea beginning one month after application and lasting approximately 11 weeks. Turf receiving similar rates of either pelletized sludge or Milorganite performed similarly. No sludge application rate produced burning or foliar discoloration. Clipping production was directly related to sludge application rate. Pelletized sludge applied at 98 kg N ha-1 resulted in growth comparable to similar applications of Ringer Lawn Restore and Milorganite. In summary, using pelletized sewage sludge as a turfgrass fertilizer promotes healthy turfgrass while creating an alternate avenue of sludge disposal.

scholarly journals Mulched Maple and Oak Leaves Associated with a Reduction in Common Dandelion Populations in Established Kentucky Bluegrass

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Kowalewski ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
N. Suzanne Lang ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair ◽  
John N. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Leaf Species

Previous research has shown that maple (Acer spp.) leaf litter resulted in fewer common dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) when mulched into established turfgrass. However, the leaves used in that research may have contained herbicide residues and were separated by genus, not species. Our research compared the effects of pesticide-free mulched maple and oak (Quercus spp.) leaves on dandelion populations in an established kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) stand maintained as a residential lawn on sandy loam soil. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effectiveness of maple or oak leaf mulches as an organic common dandelion control method and to identify which maple species and rates (particle size and rate per unit area) provided the most effective control. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged as a 5 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial, with tree leaf species, leaf particle size, leaf application rate, and control as main factors. Leaf species were red maple (Acer rubrum), silver maple (A. saccharinum), sugar maple (A. saccharum), high sugar content sugar maple, and red oak (Quercus rubra). Particle sizes were coarse (0.4–1.0 inch2) and fine (≤0.2 inch2), and application rates were low (0.5 kg·m−2) and high (1.5 kg·m−2). Mulch applications were made in Fall 2003 and 2004 and data were collected beginning in Spring 2004 on kentucky bluegrass spring green-up, and common dandelion plant counts. The high application rate, regardless of tree genus or species, resulted in the highest green-up ratings. Common dandelion plant counts after one (2003) and two (2003 and 2004) mulch applications at the high rate showed that up to 80% and 53% reduction was achieved, respectively. Results indicate that mulching leaves regardless of genus (oak or maple) or maple species into established turfgrass as a leaf litter disposal method will increase spring green-up and contribute to a reduction in common dandelion population.

Tolerance of Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass to Chlorsulfuron Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Maloy ◽  
Nick E. Christians
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Severe Growth

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL. ‘Parade’, ‘Adelphi’, ‘Glade’, and ‘Rugby’ # POAPR) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Kentucky 31’ # FESAR) were treated in field experiments with chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide}. The objectives of the two experiments were to determine if this herbicide has the potential to be used for selective control of tall fescue in Kentucky bluegrass turf. Chlorsulfuron treatments included single rates of 0, 18, 35, 71, 141, 212, and 282 g ai/ha and split rates, applied 14 days apart, of 18 + 18, 35 + 35, 71 + 71, 141 + 141, and 212 + 212 g/ha. Clipping weights and turfgrass quality ratings were taken in both experiments. Kentucky bluegrass showed a higher tolerance to the chemical, with no decrease in turf quality at the highest single and split application rates in both experiments. However, as the chlorsulfuron rate increased, clipping weight decreased. Tall fescue showed a low tolerance to the chemical and was controlled at single rates of 141 g/ha and split rates of 141 + 141 g/ha and greater. Although the tall fescue recovered from damage at single rates of 71 g/ha and split rates of 71 + 71 g/ha, severe growth inhibition and discoloration of aboveground tissue occurred at the lower rates. Twelve months after the first chlorsulfuron was applied in each experiment, glyphosate [isopropylamine salt ofN-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was sprayed over the plots to kill all existing plant material, and Kentucky bluegrass was seeded into the plots 2 weeks later at the rate of 0.75 kg/100 m2. There was no inhibition of bluegrass seed germination at any of the rates of chlorsulfuron.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Hybrid Bluegrass and Tall Fescue as Influenced by Light Intensity and Trinexapac-ethyl

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghyn Meeks ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
Ben G. Wherley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Turfgrass Quality

Interspecific hybrids between texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) are known to exhibit good heat tolerance, which has aided in their adaptation to the warmer climates of the southern United States, but their tolerance to shade has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the growth responses of interspecific bluegrass hybrids (P. arachnifera × P. pratensis) in comparison with kentucky bluegrasses and a shade-tolerant cultivar of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) under full sunlight and shaded environments, 2) identify optimum times to evaluate shade tolerance using the selected growth measurements, 3) calculate the minimum daily light requirements to retain acceptable turfgrass quality, and 4) determine if trinexapac-ethyl (TE) applications enhance hybrid bluegrass quality under shade. Two 10-week greenhouse experiments (late spring and early fall) were conducted in Dallas, TX. Within each of three light environments a randomized complete block design was used to accommodate three replications of eight genotypes treated with and without TE (0 or 0.228 kg·ha−1 a.i.). Turfgrass quality, leaf elongation rates, clipping dry weights, and percent green cover were measured. Meaningful comparisons were best during the late spring when daily light integrals (DLI) were optimum for healthy plant growth. Shade-tolerant hybrid bluegrasses (DALBG 1201 and TAES 5654) were identified using turfgrass quality and leaf elongation rates. These genotypes exhibited above-acceptable turfgrass quality in all environments, and a reduced leaf elongation rate similar to the tested dwarf-type tall fescue. DLI requirements of DALBG 1201 and TAES 5654 were ≤4 to achieve acceptable quality. TE applications generally did not improve turfgrass quality of genotypes, although leaf elongation rates were significantly reduced in all environments.

Effects of Successive Applications of Preemergence Herbicides on Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Turgeon ◽  
J. B. Beard ◽  
D. P. Martin ◽  
W. F. Meggitt
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Calcium Arsenate ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The effects of seven preemergence herbicides on turfgrass quality, clipping yield, root growth, thatch accumulation, and carbohydrate reserves of three turfgrasses were measured. Nearly all herbicides caused some effect on one or more of the turfgrasses at some point during the 8-yr experiment, especially during mid-summer stress periods. The most consistently injurious herbicide was bandane (polychlorodicyclopentadiene) which caused a marked reduction in turfgrass quality, poor rooting, and increased susceptibility to stripe smut (Ustilago striiformis West. Niesel.). Clipping yields were reduced only in red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ‘Pennlawn’) by bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(20mercaptoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide], siduron [1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea], and terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate). Except for bandane, only siduron and terbutol caused significant reductions in root growth, and only in ‘Kenblue’-type Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Thatch accumulation was reduced in ‘Merion’ Kentucky bluegrass treated with benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) in ‘Kenblue’-type Kentucky bluegrass treated with bandane, benefin, bensulide, and terbutol; and in ‘Pennlawn’ red fescue treated with bandane, calcium arsenate, and terbutol. Carbohydrate reserves were not significantly different among treatments.

scholarly journals Changes in chemical properties of soil and sour cherry as a result of sewage sludge application

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Angin ◽  
R. Aslantas ◽  
M. Kose ◽  
H. Karakurt ◽  
G. Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Sludge Application

This study, aimed at assessment of the effects of different sewage sludge application rates on heavy metal accumulation in the soil and in sour cherry leaves was carried out in the years 2005–2007. The rates applied were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 kg of dry matter per tree. Eighteen uniform one-year-old Kütahya sour cherry trees on Prunus mahaleb rootstock were used. Sewage sludge not only improved soil chemical properties but also resulted in an increase of nutrient content in cherry leaves. Sewage sludge application increased heavy metal content of soils. However, this increase did not exceed the critical values and was not reflected in the leaf contents of heavy metals. The most effective application rate was 7.5 kg per tree. Studies should be continued to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge on vegetative and generative growth, yield and fruit quality parameters.

Influence of Thatch on Preemergence Herbicide Activity in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Hurto ◽  
A. J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
And Control

The effects of five preemergence herbicides on turfgrass quality and control of crabgrass (Digitariaspp.) were measured to determine the influence of thatch on preemergence herbicide activity in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) turf. Field applications of benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin -5-one], and prosulfalin {N-[[4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl] sulfonyl]-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine} to thatchy Kentucky bluegrass turf in spring caused injury that was apparent during periods of summer stress, while DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) and bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] caused little or no injury. The same treatments on thatch-free sites revealed that only prosulfalin was injurious. Adsorption of benefin, bensulide, and DCPA from solution was greater by thatch than by soil; however, the mobility of these herbicides in undisturbed thatch profiles was greater than measured in undisturbed surface soil from thatch-free sites. Thus, turfgrass injury from preemergence herbicides on thatchy sites is due to at least two factors: the greater mobility of preemergence herbicides in thatch than in soil; and the inherent susceptibility of Kentucky bluegrass to injury from preemergence herbicides that come into direct contact with roots and other absorbing organs.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term organic amendments on chemical and microbial properties of a luvisol

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Scherer ◽  
D.J. Metker ◽  
G. Welp
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Content ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Sludge Application

We studied the long-term effect (about 45 years) of farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost application in two increments on organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), the amount (C<sub>mic</sub>) and activity of the microbial biomass (soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity), total N content and N delivery of soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers. The application of both increments of compost and the high sewage sludge application rate resulted in an increase in C<sub>org</sub> while soils treated with both compost application rates and the high farmyard manure application rate showed a significant increase in C<sub>mic</sub>. C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub> ranged between 1.7 and 3.3. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration were the greatest in the soil with the highest compost and farmyard manure application rates. Total soil N content was significantly higher in both compost treatments and in the treatment with the high sewage sludge application rate. This was accompanied by the highest N uptake of ryegrass. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Use of Vermicomposted Waste Materials as a Turfgrass Fertilizer

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Fertilizer Material ◽  
Lawn Maintenance

Vermicomposting is the process of fragmenting organic wastes with certain species of earthworms. A variety of vermicomposts are being marketed as fertilizer materials for turfgrass management, particularly in the golf course industry. In 2002 and 2003, field trials were conducted on established kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) in Columbus, Ohio, to evaluate the use of vermicomposted animal, food, paper, and turfgrass clipping waste materials as a turfgrass fertilizer under home lawn maintenance conditions. Visual quality of the plots was significantly higher for 2 weeks after application of paper vermicompost, regardless of application rate. Few other differences in either turfgrass visual quality of clipping yields were observed during a 6-week period after application, regardless of application rate or source of vermicompost. Based on the results of these studies, the use of vermicompost as a fertilizer material on established turfgrass is not warranted.

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