ALTERNATIVE N FERTILIZATION STRATEGIES FOR PEARS

Current N fertilization practices, where high spring applications are utilized, may lead to excessive vegetative growth. However, high rates may not be required to maximize fruit yield and quality. Therefore, alternative strategies to minimize shoot growth while still providing the N needs of the tree were investigated. Mature `Comice' and `Bosc' pear trees were given one of the following treatments: a spring soil (SS) application of NH4NO3 nitrate at 112.5 kg/ha rate, a similar application in the fall after harvest (FS), a fall foliar (FF) spray of a 7.5% urea solution after harvest (FF), or no N (Control). Trees that received a FF application had the same leaf and fruit N content as control trees, but they yielded more fruit The SS application gave more vigorous trees than FF application. Yield, however, was not different. A 15N enriched urea solution was applied at harvest as either a foliar spray, soil application, or combination of both treatments to mature `Comice' trees. Flower buds from trees that previously received a foliar treatment had 37% of their N derived from the foliar N application. No labeled N was detected in buds from the soil treatment These results indicate that vegetative and reproductive N requirements of fruit trees may be managed separately.

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Does split nitrogen application increase garlic yield and quality?

Scientia Agraria Paranaensis ◽

10.18188/sap.v19i2.23004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 138-143

Author(s):

Marcos Renan Besen ◽

Juliano Masahiko Ogawa ◽

Ricardo Henrique Ribeiro ◽

Claudia Aparecida Guginski-Piva ◽

Jonatas Thiago Piva

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Lateral Shoot ◽

N Application ◽

Application Timing ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Lateral Shoots ◽

Before And After

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is essential for obtaining high garlic yields and satisfying commercial requirements for bulb diameter. However, excess nitrogen may favor the development of lateral shoots. This study aimed to examine the effect of different N application strategies on garlic yield and quality. The experiment was conducted in the field using garlic cv. Chonan and four N fertilization strategies (T1, N fertilizer applied at 15-day intervals; T2, N fertilizer applied before and after clove differentiation; T3, N fertilizer applied before clove differentiation; and T4, N fertilizer applied after clove differentiation). All treatments received the same N rate (210 kg ha-1). A single N application before clove differentiation (T3) favored lateral shoot growth, resulting in the highest incidence of this defect (11.66%). The other treatments did not differ in lateral shoot incidence. Four classes (3–6) of bulb diameter were observed, with treatments ranked in decreasing order as T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. There were no significant differences in garlic yield between single N application treatments (T3 and T4). However, garlic yield differed by 73% between T1 (13,329 kg ha-1) and T4 (7,679 kg ha-1), by 55.31% between T2 (11,927 kg ha-1) and T4, and by 36% between T1 and T3 (9,783 kg ha-1). These results indicate that two N fertilization strategies can be adopted in high-quality garlic production: fortnightly N fertilization or split N application before and after clove differentiation. A single N application is not recommended, regardless of application timing, as it promotes lateral shoot growth and reduces garlic quality and yield.

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Foliar Nitrogen Management for Improving Growth and Yield of Dryland Wheat

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2015-0038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 23-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

◽

I. Alam ◽

I. Khan ◽

M. Kumar ◽

A. Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Sowing Time ◽

N Application ◽

Foliar Nitrogen ◽

Foliar N

Abstract Foliar nitrogen (N) application is considered an important factor affecting phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A field experiment was conducted to study effects of foliar N on dryland wheat (cv. Prisabk-2004) at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, during winter 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design using four replications. A plot size of 3 m by 4 m, having 8 rows, 4 m long and 30 cm apart was used. A total of 80 kg N ha−1 in the form of urea was applied. Out of 80 kg N ha−1, 70 kg N ha−1 was applied to the soil at sowing time, and the remaining 10 kg N ha−1 was applied in the form of foliar spray (2% N). The required foliar N was applied in various combinations (splits) at different growth stages viz. 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after emergence (DAE). Phenological development (days to anthesis and physiological maturity) was delayed, yield components and yield increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with foliar N over control (water spray without N). Wheat grain yield increased to the highest level (4427 kg ha−1) when 100 % foliar N was applied (no split) at 90 DAE, followed by 4050 kg ha−1 at 120 DAE, while the control (no foliar N) resulted in the lowest grain yield (2573 kg ha−1). We concluded from this study that 2 % foliar N application in a single split either at 90 or 120 DAE could improve wheat productivity under dryland condition.

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Effect of the ground-water regime and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of apples.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v33i3.16847 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 310-313

Author(s):

J. Visser

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Water Regime ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

N Application ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Results are summarized of a 12-year experiment with Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious on M9 rootstock. A 5-ha field of calcareous clay soil recently reclaimed from the sea was laid out to give 2 replicates of each of 11 drainage/subirrigation regimes. Three levels of N application were superimposed. The results are discussed in terms of changes in soil physical properties (structure, subsidence and compaction), root and shoot growth, and fruit yields and quality. Maximum vegetative growth occurred at groundwater levels of 70 to 130 cm in combination with adequate N application (75-150 kg N ha-1 year-1). The adverse effects of high groundwater levels on vegetative growth increased at higher N levels. Differences in fruit yields due to groundwater level were

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The Influence of Nitrogen Rate and Timing on `Beauregard' Sweetpotato Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.758g ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 758G-759

Author(s):

Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽

W.R. Jester ◽

Charles W. Averre

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

Fertilization Program ◽

N Application ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

N Rates

Sweetpotato yield and quality are influenced by a N fertilization program. These studies were conducted to evaluate the effect that different N rates and application times had on the yield and quality of Beauregard roots. Three experiments were conducted in separate locations in North Carolina: One in 1992 to evaluate N rates of 28 to 56 kg·ha–1; and two in 1994 that evaluated nitrogen rate and time of N application. In 1994, N timing using single applications (21, 28, and 35 days after planting) were compared with split applications (10–21 and 21–35 days after planting). Also, in 1994, N rates for the season was varied from 0 to 42 kg·ha–1 comparing single and split applications. No yield differences were detected when N rate was varied from 14 to 56 kg·ha–1. However, the application of at least 14 kg N/ha increased yield when compared with the control (0 kg N/ha). The highest yield of US #1 marketable roots was obtained when all N was applied at 21, 28, or 35 days compared with split applications made at 10 and 21 days after planting. Roots tended to be shorter with single vs. split N applications.

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Nitrogen fertilization and glyphosate doses as growth regulators in Esmeralda grass

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n12p930-936 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 930-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raíssa P. D. Gazola ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Rodolfo de N. Gazola ◽

Regina M. M. de Castilho ◽

Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Application ◽

Foliar N ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Main Factor

ABSTRACT Despite maintaining the green color in turfgrasses, nitrogen (N) fertilization affects shoot growth and, consequently, the frequency of cuts, the main factor in the costs of turfgrass maintenance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate N fertilization and the use of glyphosate as a growth regulator in Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.). The experiment was conducted in the field, from August 2014 to July 2015, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four repetitions and 20 treatments, namely: control (without N), 15 g m-2 of N in soil without foliar N; 30 g m-2 of N in soil without foliar N; 15 g m-2 of N in soil with foliar N (1% urea in 200 L ha-1) and 30 g m-2 of N in soil with foliar N combined with glyphosate doses (0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha-1 active ingredient (a.i.)). The N doses were split into five applications along the year. The following variables were evaluated: height, leaf chlorophyll index and foliar accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Fertilization with 15 g m-2 of N in soil without foliar N application, split into five times along the year, was adequate for the turfgrass, while foliar fertilization did not promote benefits. The glyphosate dose of 400 g ha-1 a.i. was effective in reducing the growth of Esmeralda grass, without compromising its color and promoted less N, P and K accumulation in the leaves, reducing the height and dry matter production.

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Use of Paclobutrazol to Regulate Shoot Growth and Flower Development of ‘Roseum Elegans’ Rhododendron

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-12.3.174 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 174-178

Author(s):

Thomas G. Ranney ◽

Richard E. Bir ◽

Joseph L. Conner ◽

Everett P. Whitman

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Root Zone ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Bud Break ◽

First Flush ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Flowering Duration ◽

Foliar Sprays

Abstract ‘Roseum Elegans’ rhododendron (Rhododendron sp. L.) were grown in 2.5 1 (#1) containers and treated with foliar sprays of 50, 100, and 200 ppm or root-zone drenches of 2.5 (0.89), 5.0 (1.78), 10.0 (3.55), and 20.0 (7.10) ppm (mg ai/plant) of paclobutrazol immediately following completion of the first flush of annual shoot growth. Shoot lengths of the subsequent growth flush following treatment were decreased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as either a drench or foliar spray. Drenches were more effective in suppressing shoot length with less active ingredient than were foliar sprays. The number of flower buds per plant increased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as a drench but not as a foliar spray. The highest drench rate resulted in 8.0 flower buds/plant, a 240% increase over non-treated plants. No phytotoxicity was observed from any of the treatments; however, inflorescence diameter, measured the year following treatment, was slightly (<1.1 cm, <7.5%) reduced with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as a drench. Flowering duration, the period from bud break to abscision of the last flower, increased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol for both application methods with a maximum increase of 5.6 days for the highest drench treatment. Length of shoot growth the year following treatment was reduced by as much as 33% with increasing paclobutrazol rates when applied as a drench but not as a foliar spray.

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Effect of Foliar Spray with Molybdenum and Iron on Vagative Growth and Nutritional Status of Pear Trees

Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.21608/jpp.2020.110574 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 655-659

Author(s):

F. M. Abd-El-Latif ◽

Kh. A. Bakry ◽

S. F. El-Gioushy ◽

A. M. Hussein ◽

M. S. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Pear Trees

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EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND BORON AS FOLIAR SPRAY ON “LE CONTE” PEAR TREES PRODUCTIVITY

Menoufia Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.21608/mjppf.2019.123003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 339-354

Author(s):

H.M. Abo Ogiela ◽

S.M. Hussien ◽

E. A. M. Osman

Keyword(s):

Foliar Spray ◽

Pear Trees

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Foliar Urea with N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide for Sustainable Yield and Quality of Pineapple in a Controlled Environment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6880

Author(s):

Mohammad Amdadul Haque ◽

Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽

Phebe Ding ◽

Noraini Md. Jaafar ◽

Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Urea Solution ◽

Urease Inhibitor ◽

N Losses ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Yield And Quality

In agricultural production, nitrogen loss leads to economic loss and is a high environmental risk affecting plant growth, yield, and quality. Use of the N fertilizer with a urease inhibitor is thus necessary to minimize N losses and increase the efficiency of N. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) on the growth, yield, and quality of pineapple. The experiment involved two foliar fertilizer treatments: 1% (w/v) urea solution with NBPT (2.25 mL kg−1 urea) was treated as NLU (NBPT Liquid Urea), and the same concentration of urea without NBPT served as the control. Both were applied 12 times, starting 1 month after planting (MAP) and continuing once a month for 12 months. The application of urea with NBPT notably increased the above-ground dry biomass per plant (20% and 10% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), leaf area per plant (23% and 15% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), N accumulation per plant (10%), PFPN (Partial Factor Productivity) (13%), and average fruit weight (15%) compared to the treatment with urea alone (control). The analysis of quality parameters indicated that urea with NBPT improves TSS (Total Soluble Solids) (19%), ascorbic acid (10%), and sucrose (14%) but reduces the total organic acid content (21%) in pineapple. When using urea with a urease inhibitor (NBPT), there was a significant improvement in growth, yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency, with the additional benefit of reduced nitrogen losses, in combination with easy handling. Hence, urea with a urease inhibitor can be used as a viable alternative for increasing pineapple yield by boosting growth with better fruit quality.

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