scholarly journals Does split nitrogen application increase garlic yield and quality?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Marcos Renan Besen ◽  
Juliano Masahiko Ogawa ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Ribeiro ◽  
Claudia Aparecida Guginski-Piva ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Before And After

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is essential for obtaining high garlic yields and satisfying commercial requirements for bulb diameter. However, excess nitrogen may favor the development of lateral shoots. This study aimed to examine the effect of different N application strategies on garlic yield and quality. The experiment was conducted in the field using garlic cv. Chonan and four N fertilization strategies (T1, N fertilizer applied at 15-day intervals; T2, N fertilizer applied before and after clove differentiation; T3, N fertilizer applied before clove differentiation; and T4, N fertilizer applied after clove differentiation). All treatments received the same N rate (210 kg ha-1). A single N application before clove differentiation (T3) favored lateral shoot growth, resulting in the highest incidence of this defect (11.66%). The other treatments did not differ in lateral shoot incidence. Four classes (3–6) of bulb diameter were observed, with treatments ranked in decreasing order as T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. There were no significant differences in garlic yield between single N application treatments (T3 and T4). However, garlic yield differed by 73% between T1 (13,329 kg ha-1) and T4 (7,679 kg ha-1), by 55.31% between T2 (11,927 kg ha-1) and T4, and by 36% between T1 and T3 (9,783 kg ha-1). These results indicate that two N fertilization strategies can be adopted in high-quality garlic production: fortnightly N fertilization or split N application before and after clove differentiation. A single N application is not recommended, regardless of application timing, as it promotes lateral shoot growth and reduces garlic quality and yield.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE N FERTILIZATION STRATEGIES FOR PEARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 667a-667
Author(s):  
Habib Khemira ◽  
T. L. Righetti ◽  
David Sugar ◽  
A. N. Azarenko
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
N Application ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pear Trees

Current N fertilization practices, where high spring applications are utilized, may lead to excessive vegetative growth. However, high rates may not be required to maximize fruit yield and quality. Therefore, alternative strategies to minimize shoot growth while still providing the N needs of the tree were investigated. Mature `Comice' and `Bosc' pear trees were given one of the following treatments: a spring soil (SS) application of NH4NO3 nitrate at 112.5 kg/ha rate, a similar application in the fall after harvest (FS), a fall foliar (FF) spray of a 7.5% urea solution after harvest (FF), or no N (Control). Trees that received a FF application had the same leaf and fruit N content as control trees, but they yielded more fruit The SS application gave more vigorous trees than FF application. Yield, however, was not different. A 15N enriched urea solution was applied at harvest as either a foliar spray, soil application, or combination of both treatments to mature `Comice' trees. Flower buds from trees that previously received a foliar treatment had 37% of their N derived from the foliar N application. No labeled N was detected in buds from the soil treatment These results indicate that vegetative and reproductive N requirements of fruit trees may be managed separately.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Silit Lazare ◽  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Yehuda Heler ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Vegetative Indices ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Usage Efficiency

Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

scholarly journals Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Ismail Soares ◽  
José Almeida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
José Aridiano Lima de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Application Rates of One-Time Root Zone Fertilization and the Effect of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Summer Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqiang Jiang ◽  
Xuexiang Ren ◽  
Huoyan Wang ◽  
Dianjun Lu ◽  
Chaolong Zu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods

Improvement in fertilization methods, including the optimal matching of nutrient supply and root nutrient absorption by applying nitrogen (N) in the root zone of crop, is necessary to improve N use efficiency (NUE), maintain high stable yield cultivation of maize, and contribute toward future environmental protection. The current practice of split surface broadcasting (SSB) of N is labor-intensive and the surface broadcasting causes a large amount of N to leach into the environment, yet it does not substantially increase maize yield. Root zone fertilization (RZF) has been identified as an efficient way to solve such problems. However, information on the appropriate amount of N fertilizer under RZF for summer maize remains limited. Therefore, in this study, a two-year consecutive field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016 in Anhui province, China, to investigate the effect of N rate and application method on grain yield, nutrient uptake, and NUE of summer maize. The method chosen is not only important to increase grain yield but also critical for reducing N rate and potential loss in the maize cropping system. The experiment comprised six N rates (90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 360 kg N hm−2) and two N application methods in both 2015 and 2016. The two N application methods included SSB and one-time RZF. Results showed that grain yield of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of N rate; however, when the N rate increased to 270 kg hm−2, the grain yield increased slowly or even decreased. Compared with SSB, RZF increased grain yield by 4%, and the effect of N on grain yield was mainly related to the number of kernels per ear and 1000-seed weight. One-time RZF increased N apparent recovery efficiency by 18% (7.2 percentage points) compared with SSB and also improved the N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and N partial factor productivity. In the comprehensive consideration of yield target, NUE, and soil N balance, the optimal N rate for summer maize in the vertisol soil of Anhui province was 180–225 kg hm−2 for one-time RZF, which reduced N fertilizer by 14% compared with the SSB. Overall, one-time RZF has great potential for green and sustainable agriculture, and thus fertilization machines are worthy of development and application in maize cropping systems.

Effects of method, rate and time of application of nitrogen fertilizer on seed production of tall fescue

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Application ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Clean Seed

The production of seed of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) provides an opportunity to diversify the agriculture of the Peace region with a new, un-subsidized, soil-conserving, cash-crop. Nitrogen fertility and nutrition are major components of the production of any grass-seed crop. A field study was conducted on the nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements for optimizing seed yield and quality of tall fescue grown in the Peace region. Row-crop stands (30-cm spacing) were established at four sites in two consecutive seeding years (1993 and 1994), with two consecutive seed crops being harvested from each stand. A total of 18 N fertilizer treatments was applied to the first seed crop, a factorial combination of two methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34–0–0, and soil-injected 28–0–0 solution), three times (early- to mid-September, early- to mid-October, and early- to mid-April prior to the first seed harvest), and three rates (50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1 N). The second seed crop received 68 kg ha−1 of surface-broadcast N applied in mid-September after removal of the harvest crop residue. Seed yield and quality were not affected by the time of N application. When compared with broadcast application, soil-injection of N fertilizer significantly reduced whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and seed yield/seedhead by 7 and 9%, respectively, but the two methods of N application had no differential effect on clean seed yield ha−1, fertile tiller density, harvest index, thousand-seed weight, specific seed weight, germination, or on the proportion of clean seed. When compared with N at 50 kg ha−1, whole-plant DM yield was increased by 6 and 8%, and clean seed yield/seedhead by 15 and 14%, with the 100 and 150 kg ha−1 rates of N, respectively. The first- and second-year seed yields averaged 1319 and 952 kg ha−1, respectively, for the 1993 seeding year, and 1630 and 716 kg ha−1, respectively, for the 1994 seeding year. The cumulative seed productivity over the 2 production years was similar for the two seeding years, being 2271 kg ha−1 for 1993 and 2346 kg ha−1 for 1994. Each seed crop of tall fescue requires an available N supply from the soil in the range of 100 to 150 kg ha−1 N to maximize seed yield and quality. Key words: Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

scholarly journals Does nitrogen application timing and sources influence barley grain yield?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Marcos Renan Besen ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Ribeiro ◽  
Felipe Bratti ◽  
Jorge Luiz Locatelli ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
N Source ◽  
Relevant Factors

The suitable management of nitrogen (N) fertilization can increase barley grain yield, since it is the nutrient required in greater quantity. In this sense, the source and timing of nitrogen application are relevant factors. The objective was to evaluate the effects of N sources and splitting on the performance of barley. The experiment was carried out under a clayey Cambisol (550 g kg-1), in Curitibanos, Santa Catarina. Factorial randomized blocks were used: three mineral sources of N: urea (45% N); urea with urease inhibitor-NBPT (45% of N) and nitrate (30% of N), associated with two nitrogen splitting fertilization: i) split of the rate of N in two seasons: beginning of tillering and full tillering and ii) single application at full tillering. 100 kg ha-1 of N were applied. There was no interaction between the factors and there was no effect of treatments for plant height, ear length, grains per ear, ears per m² and mass of a thousand grains. Yield was influenced by the N source, where nitrate exceeded the yield from amidic sources by 16%. The splitting of N in two times did not present advantages over the single application. Urea with NBPT was not viable in relation to readily soluble forms of N, with the highest yield obtained with a nitric source.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield, and Quality in Sugarcane

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Peng Zeng ◽  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Jian-Ming Lu ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Li-Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) growth and development; however, long-term effects of N application levels on cane and sugar production in different sugarcane cultivars under field conditions remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the agronomic, yield, and quality traits in three sugarcane cultivars (GT11, B9, and ROC22) under different N levels (0, 150, and 300 kg/ha urea) from 2015 to 2019. Continuous four-year field experiments of plant and ratoon crops were carried out by using two-factor split-plot design. The results showed that N fertilizer application improved the tillering rate, stalk diameter, plant height, stalk weight, millable stalks/ha, cane yield, sugar yield and juice rate of cane, and the difference between N application and non-N application was significant. The cane yield, millable stalks/ha, juice rate, and juice gravity purity increased with the increase of N application, but the milled juice brix and sucrose % cane decreased with the increase of N application. The sugar yield was the highest at 150 kg/ha urea application, while the cane yield was the highest at 300 kg/ha urea application. Different N fertilizer application levels significantly regulated the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of chlorophyll and nitrate N in plant leaves, which reflected the regulation in nitrogen metabolism and alteration in dry matter production and distribution, cane yield and sugar accumulation in different sugarcane cultivars. During the four-year experiment duration, the cane yield and sugar yield generally showed ROC22 > B9 > GT11. These data suggested that 300 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the plant and first ratoon crops, and 150 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the second and third ratoon crops. Both cane and sugar yields could be the highest in a four-year production cycle under this circumstance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Irrigation, Inoculants and Fertilizer Nitrogen on Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). II. Yield

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Reddy ◽  
J. W. Tanner ◽  
R. C. Roy ◽  
J. M. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract The peanut is a recent introduction into southern Ontario. In order to develop appropriate production practices, the effects of irrigation, inoculation and N fertilization on yield were investigated. Irrigation and inoculation each increased the yield by about 27%, and the effect of each of these factors was greater in the presence of the other. No significant yield difference (2992 kg/ha on average) was observed between the use of powdered peat or granular inoculants containing the same strains of rhizobia. However, a yield difference was observed between inoculants containing different strains of rhizobia. Nitrogen application at planting time did not increase the yield of uninoculated peanuts, but a split application, applied at planting and 60 days later, increased the yield by 28% over the uninoculated control. Increasing the N application at planting decreased the yield and 100-kernel weight of inoculated peanuts.

Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Marcel Giroux ◽  
Michel P. Cescas
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

scholarly journals Effect of the ground-water regime and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of apples.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-313
Author(s):  
J. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
N Application ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Results are summarized of a 12-year experiment with Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious on M9 rootstock. A 5-ha field of calcareous clay soil recently reclaimed from the sea was laid out to give 2 replicates of each of 11 drainage/subirrigation regimes. Three levels of N application were superimposed. The results are discussed in terms of changes in soil physical properties (structure, subsidence and compaction), root and shoot growth, and fruit yields and quality. Maximum vegetative growth occurred at groundwater levels of 70 to 130 cm in combination with adequate N application (75-150 kg N ha-1 year-1). The adverse effects of high groundwater levels on vegetative growth increased at higher N levels. Differences in fruit yields due to groundwater level were

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