scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF PROTEINASE INHIBITORS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS TOLERANT TO INSECT PESTS. II. POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249f-250
Author(s):  
Serge Overney ◽  
Dominique Michaud ◽  
Binh Nguyen-Quoc ◽  
Serge Yelle
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Perillus Bioculatus ◽  
Digestive Proteinases ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Potential Risks

In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the potential of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) for controlling insect pests. Used as a component of an integrated pest management program, such an approach must, however, be considered with care, given the potential risks of interference on other control approaches. In particular, the effect of PIs on digestive proteinases of beneficial insects must be determined. As an example, this study analyzed the effect of oryzacystatins (OCs), two cysteine PIs isolated from rice, on digestive proteinases of Perillus bioculatus, a predator of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), a major pest. Electrophoretic analyses showed the existence of several cysteine proteinase forms in the digestive tract of P. bioculatus. For each developmental stage, OCs dramatically inhibited proteolytic activity, showing an affinity between these inhibitors and the digestive proteinases of the predator. Despite their potential for controlling CPB, the two rice cystatins thus represent possible growth-suppressing compounds for the beneficial insect P. bioculatus. Work is currently under way to assess the compatibility of the two control approaches.

scholarly journals Pest Control with Proteinase Inhibitors: Is It Compatible with IPM Strategies?

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 801D-801
Author(s):  
Dominique Michaud ◽  
Thierry C. Vrain ◽  
David A. Raworth ◽  
Hugh A. Daubeny
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Amblyseius Californicus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Digestive Proteinases ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the potential of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) for the control of various pests and pathogens. Used as a component of an integrated pest management program, such an approach must, however, be carefully considered, given the possible risks of interference with other control methods. For example, we are analyzing the effect of oryzacystatins (OCI and OCII), two cysteine PIs naturally occurring in rice grains, against digestive proteinases of Amblyseius californicus (AC), a native predator of the two-spotted spider mite (SM; Tetranychus urticae). Electrophoretic analyses have shown the existence in SM extracts of a major cysteine proteinase form strongly inhibited by OCI, indicating the potential of this inhibitor for SM control. However, similar analyses revealed a strong affinity between proteinases from AC extracts and OCs. Thus, despite their potential for SM control, plant cystatins may represent growth-suppressing compounds for AC. Work is currently underway to determine the usefulness of OCI-expressing transgenic plants for SM control, and to assess the compatibility of this control with an AC-based biological control strategy.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF PROTEINASE INHIBITORS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS TOLERANT TO INSECT PESTS. I. FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249e-249
Author(s):  
Dominique Michaud ◽  
Serge Overney ◽  
Binh Nguyen-Quoc ◽  
Serge Yelle
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Digestive Proteinases ◽  
Transgenic Potato Plants

In the past few years, transformation of plant genomes with proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes has been proposed as an effective way to produce insect-tolerant plants. For such a control approach, however, biochemical studies are necessary to assess the effect of PIs on not only insect digestive proteinases (target enzymes) but also plant endogenous proteinases (nontarget enzymes). As an example, transformation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with oryzacystatin (OC) genes, two cysteine PIs, was considered for controlling Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). The use of electrophoretic approaches and standard assays showed that CPB uses at least 14 cysteine proteinases for protein digestion throughout its development. Proteinases of the same class were also detected in sprouting potato tuber extracts, suggesting a potential interference of cPIs in transgenic plants. While OCs inhibit a significant fraction of CPB digestive proteinases, no inactivation of potato proteinases was detected. This apparent absence of direct interference suggests the real potential of OCs for producing CPB-tolerant transgenic potato plants.

scholarly journals Identifying Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in Potato Germplasm: Review Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia I. Rondon ◽  
Max Feldman ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
Tiziana Oppedisano ◽  
Govinda Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Potato Beetle

Developing plant germplasm that contains genetic resistance to insect pests is a valuable component of integrated pest management programs. In the last several decades, numerous attempts have been made to identify genetic sources of resistance to Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This review focuses on compiling information regarding general L. decemlineata biology, ecology, and management focusing on discussing biochemical and morphological potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant traits that might be responsible for providing resistance; the review ends discussing past efforts to identify genetic material and highlights promising new strategies that may improve the efficiency of evaluation and selection of resistant material. Measurement strategies, that begin with field screening of segregating populations or wild germplasm to narrow research focus can be useful. Identifying particularly resistant or susceptible germplasm, will help researchers focus on studying the mechanisms of resistance in much greater detail which will help the development of long-term sustainable management program.

GUT PROTEINASE ACTIVITY IN INSECT PESTS OF CANOLA

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Rymerson ◽  
Robert P. Bodnaryk
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Digestive Proteinases

AbstractThe digestive proteinases of three important pests of canola, Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L., in western Canada were characterized by assessing the proteolytic activity of homogenates of their midguts against azocasein or azoalbumin at various pH levels and in the presence of diagnostic proteinase inhibitors. The midgut of larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., had maximum proteolytic activity at pH 10.5 which was inhibited 45–60% by serine proteinase inhibitors such as the soybean trypsin inhibitor. The midgut of larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., had maximum proteolytic activity at pH 10 which was inhibited 56–75% by serine proteinase inhibitors. The two lepidopterans thus use a serine-like proteinase in digestion. The midgut of adults of the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze, exhibited maximum proteolytic activity at pH 5 which was inhibited 33–61% by specific cysteine proteinase inhibitors such as cystatin and trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido (4-guanidino)-butane (E-64) and was activated strongly by L-cysteine. Aspartic proteinase inhibitors such as pepstatin A also decreased proteolytic activity by 21–50%. Serine proteinase inhibitors were without effect. Therefore, P. cruciferae appears to use both cysteine- and aspartic-like proteinases in digestion. Cotyledons and first true leaves of canola, B. napus cv. Westar, contained inhibitory activity against serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteinases when tested against bovine trypsin, papain, or porcine pepsin, but the level of antiproteinase activity is insufficient to provide significant resistance against any of these pests.

Impact of Selected Insecticides Used in Eggplant Production on Edovum puttleri Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Hamilton ◽  
James H. Lashomb ◽  
Joseph M. Patt
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Edovum Puttleri ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
The Impact

The impact of insecticides currently used in commercial eggplant fields to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on the egg parasitoid Edovum puttleri Grissell was evaluated. Mortality from contact exposure to leaf residues and ingestion of contaminated honey, and parasitoid emergence from treated egg masses were compared for the following insecticides: esfenvalerate alone and in combination with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), oxamyl, PBO, and rotenone alone and in combination with PBO. Studies were conducted using concentrations of 1.0X, 0.75X, 0.5X, and 0.25X of the maximum labeled rate. Mortality was high and significantly different from controls for all chemicals and rates in both the leaf residue tests and feeding studies. Emergence of E. puttleri from treated egg masses also was significantly impacted by all materials and rates with the exception of PBO. The data suggest that the use of these materials in a pest management program that utilizes E. puttleri may reduce the survival of adults and emergence from eggs, thereby slowing parasitoid establishment.

GROUND AND AERIAL MOVEMENT OF ADULT COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN A UNIVOLTINE POPULATION

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Noronha ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Inundative Release ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Perillus Bioculatus ◽  
Movement Frequency

AbstractPitfall and screen traps were used around potato Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) plots to detect directional patterns of prediapause (two seasons) and postdiapause (one season) movement in a univoltine population of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), from Quebec. Prediapause beetles were sampled for diapause readiness using a feeding–digging test. In 1994, a plot left unprotected from the beetle (moderately defoliated) was monitored. In 1995, movement around a plot left unprotected from the beetle (severely defoliated) was compared to that from a plot protected (only lightly defoliated) by inundative release of the potato beetle predator Perillus bioculatus Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Movement frequency by postdiapause beetles in spring 1995 was low compared with 1994 prediapause movement, especially on the ground. Low-frequency flying persisted over several weeks of postdiapause beetle oviposition, with only a brief period of directionality. Flight movement by satiated prediapause beetles in August 1994 and 1995 was strongly directional, being oriented toward the closest forest border east of the plots, where sampling confirmed overwintering. In both years, satiated prediapause beetles also emigrated by walking, but mostly from densely populated and defoliated plots. Newly emerged (unsatiated) prediapause beetles emigrated en masse from severely defoliated plants, and did so exclusively by walking. Directional walking contrasted with directional flying in being predominantly oriented south-westward to northwestward, suggesting cueing on the sun position during warm hours of the day.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana isolates toward Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae], Myzus persicae [Homoptera : Aphididae] and their predator Coleomegilla maculata lengi [Coleoptera : Coccinellidae]

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Todorova ◽  
D. Coderre ◽  
J.-C. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana Isolates ◽  
Highly Virulent

Ten isolates of Beauveria bassiana from different sources and geographical sites were evaluated under laboratory conditions at a concentration of 107 conidia ml-1 for their pathogenicity against two insect pests, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and their predator, the spotted ladybird beetle (Coleomegilla maculata lengi). Six isolates were highly virulent to all three insect species. Four others showed different degrees of specificity. The isolates 49, 233 and 210087 were the most interesting for their potential development as biological control agents because they were highly virulent for the two insect pests and caused low mortality in the coccinellid.

SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF FOLIAGE-DWELLING INSECT PESTS IN COMMERCIAL FIELDS AND INSECTICIDE-FREE PLOTS OF POTATO IN MANITOBA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Senanayake ◽  
N.J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Potato Flea Beetle ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractPatterns of seasonal abundance of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and aphids on potato cv. Norland are reported for the 1983–1985 growing seasons in southern Manitoba. Each year, Colorado potato beetles and potato flea beetles underwent one generation on the crop. There were two peaks of leafhopper abundance in 1983 and 1984, but only one was evident in 1985. Aphid populations rose to a single peak in August of each year.In experimental plots in the absence of insecticides, Colorado potato beetles completely defoliated plants in two seasons out of the three. In commercial fields, insecticide sprays applied in July and early August greatly reduced populations of Colorado potato beetles for the rest of the season, and there was no defoliation at harvest. Insecticides had less effect on potato flea beetle populations. Leafhopper and aphid populations were small at the time of spraying.

scholarly journals First Sprayable Double-Stranded RNA-Based Biopesticide Product Targets Proteasome Subunit Beta Type-5 in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais B. Rodrigues ◽  
Sambit K. Mishra ◽  
Krishnakumar Sridharan ◽  
Ethann R. Barnes ◽  
Andrei Alyokhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Major Pest

Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a major pest of potato and other solanaceous vegetables in the Northern Hemisphere. The insect feeds on leaves and can completely defoliate crops. Because of the repeated use of single insecticide classes without rotating active ingredients, many chemicals are no longer effective in controlling CPB. Ledprona is a sprayable double-stranded RNA biopesticide with a new mode of action that triggers the RNA interference pathway. Laboratory assays with second instar larvae fed Ledprona showed a dose–response where 25×10−6g/L of dsPSMB5 caused 90% mortality after 6days of initial exposure. We also showed that exposure to Ledprona for 6h caused larval mortality and decreased target messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Decrease in PSMB5 protein levels was observed after 48h of larval exposure to Ledprona. Both PSMB5 mRNA and protein levels did not recover over time. Ledprona efficacy was demonstrated in a whole plant greenhouse trial and performed similarly to spinosad. Ledprona, currently pending registration at EPA, represents a new biopesticide class integrated pest management and insecticide resistance management programs directed against CPB.

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