scholarly journals Control of San Jose Scale, Terrapin Scale, and European Red Mite on Dormant Fruit Trees with Soybean Oil

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Pless ◽  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Emulsions of degummed soybean (Glycine max L.) oil were compared to a petroleum oil emulsion for efficacy against winter populations of San Jose scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock); Homoptera: Diaspididae] and European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch); Acari: Tetranychidae] on dormant apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees and terrapin scale [Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum (Pergande); Homoptera: Coccidae] on dormant peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees. In laboratory tests, more than 94% of San Jose scale was killed on stems dipped for 1 second in 5.0% or 7.5% soybean oil or 5.0% petroleum oil. Mortality of terrapin scale exceeded 93% on peach stems dipped for 1 second in 7.5% soybean oil or 5.0% petroleum oil. No European red mite eggs survived on apple stems dipped for 1 second in 2.5%, 5.0%, or 7.5% soybean oil, or 5.0% petroleum oil. In field tests, >95% of San Jose scale died on apple trees sprayed with one application of 2.5% petroleum oil or 5.0% soybean oil; two applications of these treatments or 2.5% soybean oil killed all San Jose scales. One or two applications of 2.5% petroleum oil or 5.0% soybean oil killed 85% and 98%, respectively, of the terrapin scales on peach trees. Soybean oil shows promise as a substitute for petroleum oil for winter control of three very destructive fruit tree pests.

scholarly journals Management of San Jose Scale on Apple with Soybean-oil Dormant Sprays

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Hix ◽  
Charles D. Pless ◽  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Degummed Soybean Oil ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Petroleum Oil

The objective of this study was to examine efficacy of soybean oil dormant sprays to manage San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) on apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). On 14 Feb. 1994 and again on 20 Feb. 1995, `Bounty' apple trees were: 1) left unsprayed (control) or sprayed to runoff with: 2) 3% (v/v) or 3) 6% degummed soybean oil with 0.6% (v/v) Latron B-1956 sticker spreader, or 4) 3% 6E Volck Supreme Spray petroleum oil. Crawler emergence occurred 17 May-28 June, 7 July-30 Aug., and 7 Sept.-24 Oct. 1994. First-generation crawler emergence had started by 8 May in 1995. Both 3% petroleum oil and 6% soybean oil sprays reduced the numbers of first- and second-generation crawlers by 93% in 1994 and first-generation crawlers by 98% in 1995. The 3% soybean oil treatment reduced first- and second-generation crawlers by 60% in 1994 and first-generation crawlers by 83% in 1995. In 1995, apple fruit infestations by first-generation scales on the 3% soybean-, 6% soybean-, and 3% petroleum oil-treated trees did not differ significantly, but all fruit were significantly less infested than the controls.

Field evaluation of summer spray oils against European Red mite and San Jose scale on apple

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Parveena Bano ◽  
Sajad A. Ganie ◽  
Rizwana Khurshid ◽  
M.A. Paray ◽  
Zul-Nuran Haifa
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
San Jose ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
San Jose Scale

Control of San Jose Scale on Fruit Trees During the Prebloom Period of Pears1

1957 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
H. P. Lanchester ◽  
F. P. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
San Jose ◽  
San Jose Scale

scholarly journals Soybean Oil as a Summer Spray for Apple: European Red Mite Control, Net CO2 Assimilation, and Phytotoxicity

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Charles D. Pless ◽  
John C. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Control Net

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] oil was applied to apple trees [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] as a summer spray in six studies to determine if it controls European red mites [Panonychus ulmi (Koch.)], how it affects net CO2 assimilation (A), and if it causes phytotoxicity. Sprays of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% soybean oil {TNsoy1 formulation [soybean oil premixed with Latron B-1956 (LAT) spreader-sticker at 10 oil: 1 LAT (v/v)]} reduced mite populations by 94%. Sprays of 1% and 2% soybean oil reduced mite populations to three and four mites per leaf, respectively, compared to 25 per leaf on water-sprayed plants. Soybean oil concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% applied to whole trees reduced A for less than 7 days. Phytotoxicity did not occur when soybean oil was applied with an airblast sprayer at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% or with a mist bottle at 2%. Phytotoxicity occurred when soybean oil was applied with a mist bottle at 4% and 6%, which left soybean oil leaf residues of 0.22 to 0.50 mg·cm-2. No phytotoxicity occurred with 4% SunSpray, which resulted in a mean leaf residue of only 0.13 mg·cm-2. Spraying 1% soybean oil tended to give better mite control than 1% SunSpray Ultra-Fine oil, but caused greater oil residues and a greater reduction in A.

scholarly journals FOOD PLANTS OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) IN OHIO, EXCLUSIVE OF FRUIT TREES

1897 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 173-173
Author(s):  
F. M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
San Jose ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The following list includes forest and ornamental trees and shrubs, upon which the San José scale has been found breeding in Ohio. Nearly all of these have been found either by myself or my assistant, Mr. C. W. Mally, in sufficient numbers to indicate that the insect might thrive on any of them.

scholarly journals Using Soybean Oil as a Pesticide on Nursery Stock

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 493E-493
Author(s):  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E. Sams ◽  
D.C. Fare ◽  
R.E. Moran ◽  
C.D. Pless
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Mite Infestations ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Our research has previously shown that soybean oil can substitute for petroleum oil for controlling insects on fruit trees. Soybean oil may also be a safe, environmentally friendly pesticide to use on nursery stock. The objectives of these experiments were to evaluate phytotoxicity of soybean oil to nursery stock and efficacy for mite control. Four replications of container-grown plants of `Alberta' spruce, `Emerald' arborvitae, `Leyland' cypress, Canadian hemlock, and `Andorra' juniper were sprayed on 26 Mar. with 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, or 3.0% soybean oil; or 2.0% petroleum oil. None of the oil treatments caused phytotoxicity. The same plants were sprayed on 1 Aug. with 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, or 3.0% soybean oil. Application of 1% or 2% soybean oil appeared to be non-phytotoxic to spruce, but 3% soybean oil caused slight terminal necrosis. Arborvitae, cypress, hemlock, and juniper were not injured by spraying 1% to 3% soybean oil in the summer. Container-grown burning bush plants with mite infestations were sprayed on 20 Sept. with 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, or 3.0% soybean oil; or with 1.0% SunSpray petroleum oil. Container-grown mite-infested `Andorra' juniper plants received the same treatments, except for the 3% soybean oil. Application of 1% or 2% soybean oil to burning bush or to juniper shrubs resulted in >97% and 87% control of mites 7 and 14 days, respectively, after treatment.

scholarly journals Net CO2 Assimilation of Apple following Application of Soybean Oil

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 531C-531
Author(s):  
R.E. Moran ◽  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E. Sams ◽  
J. Cummins ◽  
C.D. Pless
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Separate Treatment ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Soybean oil can be used as an alternative pesticide for fruit trees. Two separate studies were conducted to determine the effects of oil concentration on leaf phytotoxicity and net CO2 assimilation (ACO2). In one study, concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% soybean oil in water were applied to individual shoots with a hand-held mist bottle. In the second study, 0%, 1.0%, and 1.5% were applied to whole trees with an airblast sprayer. Petroleum oil was applied as a separate treatment. Net CO2 assimilation was measured on single leaves. Oil residue was removed from the leaf with chloroform, dried, and weighed. Chlorosis and defoliation occurred with applications of 4% and 6% soybean oil. No visible phytotoxicity occurred with 2% or less oil. Net CO2 assimilation decreased as the rate of soybean oil increased from 0% to 4% oil, but there was no difference between 4% and 6%. Net CO2 assimilation decreased with increasing oil concentration from 0% to 1.5% and recovered to the rate of the control on day 7. Net CO2 assimilation was negatively related to oil residue. At an equivalent oil residue, there was no difference in ACO2 between petroleum and soybean oil. Below a residue of 0.15 mg·cm–2, foliar phytoxicity did not occur. Reductions in ACO2 were small and did not last longer than 7 days if residues were ≤0.10 mg·cm–2.

scholarly journals Gas Exchange Characteristics of Apple and Peach Leaves Infested by European Red Mite and Twospotted Spider Mite

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendrick N. Mobley ◽  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Twospotted Spider

Greenhouse-grown `Imperial Delicious' apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) and `Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica Batsch.) trees were inoculated during the summer with three densities of European red mite (ERM) (Panonychus ulmi Koch) and twospotted spider mite (TSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch). As ERM- and TSM-days increased, net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (Tr), and total chlorophyll content (TCHL) of apple leaves decreased linearly. At similar densities, TSM was more damaging than ERM to apple leaf gas exchange. Water-use efficiency (WUE) of apple declined similarly with increasing mite-days for both mite species. Specific leaf weight (SLW) of apple increased with TSM-days. Pn, Tr, TCHL, and WUE of peach declined linearly with increasing ERM- and TSM-days, and the rates of decline were similar for both mite species. Mites did not affect peach SLW. These results indicate that greenhouse-grown peach is more tolerant than apple to mite feeding.

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