scholarly journals Isozyme Variability in Wild and Cultivated Carica papaya

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 809A-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morshidi Maimunah ◽  
R.M. Manshardt ◽  
Francis Zee
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Segregation Analysis ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Genetic Interpretation ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
The Caribbean

Populations of wild Carica papaya, previously designated as Carica peltata, were sampled from its native range on the Caribbean coast of Central America (Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras) and cultivated Carica papaya from both Central and South America were examined for isozyme variability. Thirteen loci from nine enzyme systems (Pgm, Pgi, Idh, Mdh, 6Pgd, Ugpp, Skdh, Aco, Tpi) were scored for all populations. Ten loci were polymorphic and a total of 31 alleles were detected. Isozyme genotypes as determined through segregation analysis were used in the genetic interpretation for eight loci and 18 alleles while six additional loci and 13 alleles were postulated on the basis of phenotypic variation found throughout the species. Nei's genetic identity, I, for both cultivated and wild Carica papaya was >0.9, which is consistent with conspecific populations. Wild papaya populations from different geographic areas appear more related to one another than to domesticates in the same geographic region.

Myrcia (Myrtaceae) in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 486 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-105
Author(s):  
LAURA C. DE LANNOY ◽  
AYRTON I. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
RENATO GOLDENBERG ◽  
DUANE F. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Doubtful Species

Myrtaceae is one of the largest families in number of species within the order Myrtales and one of the richest families in Brazil. Myrcia is the fourth largest genus of Myrtaceae, with approximately 770 species distributed from Central America and the Caribbean to southern South America. In Brazil Myrcia is represented by 397 species, of which 309 are endemic. In this study, we present the taxonomic treatment for all species of Myrcia that occur in Paraná state, Brazil. Analyses of herbarium specimens, online databases, and bibliography were performed. Fifty-three species of Myrcia occur in Paraná, distributed in all vegetation types. Twenty-three names were excluded from previous lists of species or listed as doubtful species. Neither of the recorded species is endemic to Paraná, but this state is the southern and northern limit of distribution of six and two species, respectively. We present an identification key, taxonomic descriptions, figures, maps, and comments on phenology, habitat, and morphology for each species.

scholarly journals Fall and Winter Movements of Newfoundland Graycheeked Thrushes (Catharus Minimus Minimus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darroch M. Whitaker ◽  
Ian G. Warkentin ◽  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Peter Thomas ◽  
Rinchen Boardman
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
Migratory Stopover

Abstract The Newfoundland subspecies of Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus minimus) has declined since the 1980s and degradation of winter habitat has been suggested as a contributing stressor. However, the winter range of this subspecies is not well understood, so we fitted 29 males with archival GPS tags during summer 2016. Four tagged thrushes were recaptured in summer 2017 and, though all tags had missing locations and broken antennae, the data retrieved showed that one thrush wintered in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in northern Colombia, one in the nearby Sierra de Perija in Venezuela, and a third may have settled in the same region. One tag provided locations until April 21 and that thrush was consistently detected within a ~1 ha area through the winter. Locations obtained during fall migration indicated that thrushes travelled to South America via Central America and possibly by directly crossing the Caribbean. Contemporary research indicates that the SNSM is an important migratory stopover for Northern Gray-cheeked Thrushes (C. m. aliciae) but a historical report coupled with our observations suggest winter use of the SNSM and adjacent areas in northern South America by C. m. minimus, though numbers may be lower than during the 1900s.

South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Gerard Behague ◽  
Dale A. Olsen ◽  
Daniel E. Sheehy
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Inventive nesting behaviour in the keyhole wasp Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Australia, and the risk to aviation safety

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan P.N. House ◽  
Jackson G. Ring ◽  
Philip P. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Probe Volume ◽  
Nesting Behaviour ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Pitot Probes

AbstractThe keyhole wasp (Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille 1812), a mud-nesting wasp native to South and Central America and the Caribbean, is a relatively recent (2010) arrival in Australia. In its native range it is known to use man-made cavities to construct nests. A series of serious safety incidents Brisbane Airport related to the obstruction of vital airspeed measuring pitot probes on aircraft possibly caused by mud-nesting wasps at prompted an assessment of risk. An experiment was designed to determine the species responsible, the types of aircraft most affected, the seasonal pattern of potential risk and the spatial distribution of risk on the airport. A series of replica pitot probes were constructed using 3D-printing technology, representing aircraft with high numbers of movements (landings and take-offs), and mounted at four locations at the airport. Probes were monitored for 39 months. Probes blocked by mud nesting wasps were retrieved and incubated in mesh bags. Emerging wasps were identified to species. Results show that all nests in probes were made by P. nasidens, and peak nesting occurs in the summer months. Nesting success (as proportion of nests with live adult emergents) was optimal between 24 and 31°C and that probes with apertures of more than 3 mm diameter are preferred. Not all areas on the airport are affected equally, with the majority of nests constructed in one area. The proportion of grassed areas within 1000 m of probes was a significant predictor of nesting, and probe volume may determine the sex of emerging wasps.

scholarly journals Developmental Biology in Central America, the northern region of South America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. García-Arrarás
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
System Development ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Caribbean

This review highlights the history of Developmental Biology studies in Latin-American countries of Central America, the northern region of South America and the Caribbean and their impact on the field. For this, we have compiled the contributions made by investigators in various institutions of the region, including universities, agricultural, research and health centers. Most of the contributions focus on particular fields, among them, Evo-Devo, regenerative biology, nervous system development and health related issues. A large share of the contributions originates from a subset of countries, primarily, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama and Puerto Rico. In addition, we underscore the new investigators and the ongoing research in the region.

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