scholarly journals Nonchemical Weed Control in Cabbage

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 577c-577
Author(s):  
M.D. Orzolek ◽  
J.H. Murphy ◽  
L. Otjen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Rock Springs ◽  
Nonchemical Weed Control

Early weed infestation in vegetable crops reduces both early and total marketable yield and quality. Even if escape weeds (12 inches tall or larger) are later killed by a postemergence herbicide application, their skeletons can cause yield loss due to competition for light, temperature modification within the plant canopy, and interference with fungicide and insecticide applications. In addition, weeds can also serve as a reservoir for insect and disease organisms, especially viruses. Experiments in nonchemical weed control in cabbage were conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm, Russell E. Larson Research Center, Rock Springs, Pa., from 1993 to 1995. In addition to weedy and hoed check plots, flaming weeds at 2- to 4-leaf stage of growth with propane gas burners and planting annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) between the rows of cabbage, living mulch, were evaluated during 3 years. The cabbage cultivar Rio Verde was transplanted generally between 15 June and July during each year. Both flaming and living mulch treatments produced yield and head quality similar to the hoed check. Management and timing of ryegrass planting in relation to cabbage establishment is very critical for success with living mulch. Flaming requires straight rows of cabbage or other crop, tractor with driver that can maintain a straight line, and burners that are aligned to burn weeds and not the crop. Results will be discussed.

Utility of Winter Rye Living Mulch for Weed Management in Zucchini Squash Production

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Bryan G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Mulch Cover

The extended production of allelochemicals from a living mulch cover crop may potentially enhance weed management and crop productivity compared with traditional zucchini squash production systems. However, the efficacy of a living mulch cover crop in no-tillage (NT) systems with herbicides has not been determined for many vegetable crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate weed management and zucchini squash production using the combination of NT and a herbicide-suppressed winter rye cover crop with or without PRE herbicides. When used in combination with herbicides, the winter rye living mulch reduced the biomass of redroot pigweed compared to the herbicides applied alone, but did not influence the biomass of smooth crabgrass for any herbicide treatment. Visual estimates of weed control were similar for each herbicide treatment with and without the winter rye living mulch. The herbicide-suppressed winter rye resulted in excessive stunting of zucchini squash at 56 d after treatment which correlated with 20 and 50% squash yield reductions for the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons, respectively. Although some squash yield loss may have resulted from direct competition with the winter rye living mulch, yield reductions most likely resulted from allelopathy. The winter rye living mulch was the primary contributing factor for reduced squash yield and did not interact with herbicide treatment. All treatments containing herbicides resulted in yields similar to the weed-free treatment. Because of excessive zucchini injury, this research suggests that the use of herbicide-suppressed winter rye living mulch does not appear to be a feasible option for increased weed control in zucchini squash production regardless of the herbicide treatment.

scholarly journals The Use of Rye as a Living Mulch to Control Weeds in Bell Pepper Production

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 892D-892
Author(s):  
Stephen Reiners ◽  
Olga Wickerhauser
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

The possibility of using annual grain rye (Secale cereale L.) as a living mulch between rows of black plastic mulch was investigated. Rye was seeded immediately after plastic was laid and ≈30 days before transplanting bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. Rye growth was controlled by postemergence herbicides and mowing or was left unmowed. These treatments were compared to a weedy control, cultivation, and standard preemergence herbicides for their effect on weed control and bell pepper yield. Within the rye treatments, the unmowed rye provided the best weed control and significantly decreased the number and size of weeds between crop rows. The rye cover crop also significantly reduced the yield of peppers. In both the mowed and unmowed rye treatments, total marketable yield was reduced 50% compared to clean cultivated and herbicide-treated plots. Further work is needed to minimize the competition between the living mulch and the crop.

CONSTRUCTING A DEMONSTRATION VEGETABLE GARDEN

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 671f-671
Author(s):  
M. Marutani ◽  
R. Quitugua ◽  
C. Simpson ◽  
R. Crisostomo
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The University

A demonstration vegetable garden was constructed for students in elementary, middle and high schools to expose them to agricultural science. On Charter Day, a University-wide celebration, students were invited to the garden on the University campus. The purpose of this project was twofold: (1) for participants to learn how to make a garden and (2) for visitors to see a variety of available crops and cultural techniques. Approximately 30 vegetable crops were grown. The garden also presented some cultural practices to improve plant development, which included weed control by solarization, mulching, a drip irrigation system, staking, shading and crop cover. Different types of compost bins were shown and various nitrogen-fixing legumes were displayed as useful hedge plants for the garden.

Establishing white clover (Trifolium repens) as a living mulch: weed control and herbicide tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Basinger ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract With the increasing focus on herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of introduction of new modes of action, many producers have turned to annual cover crops as a tool for reducing weed populations. Recent studies have suggested that perennial cover crops such as white clover could be used as living mulch. However, white clover is slow to establish and is susceptible to competition from winter weeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine clover tolerance and weed control in established stands of white clover to several herbicides. Studies were conducted in the fall and winter of 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 at the J. Phil Campbell Research and Education Center in Watkinsville, GA, and the Southeast Georgia Research and Education Center in Midville, GA. POST applications of imazethapyr, bentazon, or flumetsulam at low and high rates, or in combination with 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, were applied when clover reached 2 to 3 trifoliate stage. Six weeks after the initial POST application, a sequential application of bentazon and flumetsulam individually, and combinations of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, and flumetsulam were applied over designated plots. Clover biomass was similar across all treatments except where it was reduced by sequential applications of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB + flumetsulam in the 2019 to 2020 season indicating that most treatments were safe for use on establishing living mulch clover. A single application of flumetsulam at the low rate or a single application of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB provided the greatest control of all weed species while minimizing clover injury when compared to the non-treated check. These herbicide options allow for control of problematic winter weeds during clover establishment, maximizing clover biomass and limiting canopy gaps that would allow for summer weed emergence.

Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane

Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.

Effect of herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
R. S. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation

Two field experiments were conducted during the kharif (rainy) season of 1999 and 2000 on a loamy sand soil to study the effect of various pre- and post-emergence herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean. The presence of weeds in the weedy control plots resulted in 58.8 and 58.1% reduction in the grain yield in the two years compared to two hand weedings (HW) at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), which gave grain yields of 1326 and 2029 kg ha-1. None of the herbicides was significantly superior to the two hand weedings treatment in influencing the grain yield. However, the pre-emergence application of 0.75 kg ha-1 S-metolachlor, and 0.5 kg ha-1 pendimethalin (pre-emergence) + HW 30 DAS were at par or numerically superior to this treatment. There was a good negative correlation between the weed dry matter at harvest and the grain yield of soybean, which showed that effective weed control is necessary for obtaining higher yields of soybean.

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