scholarly journals Characterization of a 23-kDa Protein from the Wood of Cornus sericea, whose Accumulation is Associated with Seasonal Changes in Cold Hardiness

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 647a-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Sarighausen ◽  
Edward Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Cornus Sericea ◽  
Tissue Characteristics

Deciduous trees vary in their ability to survive low winter temperatures. Among species studied, two distinct responses to freezing have been described: deep supercooling and extracellular freezing. The tissue characteristics that account for these different responses have not been identified, but it has been proposed that properties of the cell wall distinguish species that supercool from those that do not. Our present objective was to analyze proteins from the cell walls of Cornus sericea, an extremely freeze-tolerant species that does not supercool. Twigs were collected throughout the year. The bark was removed, and the remaining wood was frozen in LN2, freeze dried, and ground into a fine powder. Modifications of published protocols were used for the isolation of total proteins and cell wall proteins. The proteins in the cell wall fraction constituted only a small portion of the total proteins in wood ((<2%). SDS gel electrophoresis established at a single band corresponding to a 23-kDa protein was the predominant component in an extract from twigs in winter. The quantity of 23-kDa protein within the cell wall fraction varied with season. Levels were highest in winter, were reduced in spring, not detectable in summer, and increased in fall. Further analysis, using 2D gel electrophoresis, has shown that the 23-kDa band contains several proteins having similar MW and basic PI These proteins are glycosylated, and a partial amino acid sequence of one protein has been obtained.

Molecular Structure of the Outermost Cell Wall Component of Spirillum Serpens

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Wah Chiu ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Exposure Technique ◽  
Structural Aspects

The periodic structure external to the outer membrane of Spirillum serpens VHA has been isolated by similar procedures to those used by Buckmire and Murray (1). From SDS gel electrophoresis, we have found that the isolated fragments contain several protein components, and that the crystalline structure is composed of a glycoprotein component with a molecular weight of ∽ 140,000 daltons (2). Under an electron microscopic examination, we have visualized the hexagonally-packed glycoprotein subunits, as well as the bilayer profile of the outer membrane. In this paper, we will discuss some structural aspects of the crystalline glycoproteins, based on computer-reconstructed images of the external cell wall fragments.The specimens were prepared for electron microscopy in two ways: negatively stained with 1% PTA, and maintained in a frozen-hydrated state (3). The micrographs were taken with a JEM-100B electron microscope with a field emission gun. The minimum exposure technique was essential for imaging the frozen- hydrated specimens.

Thermal transitions in freeze-dried carrot and its cell wall components

1999 ◽  
Vol 332 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M.R Georget ◽  
A.C Smith ◽  
K.W Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wall Components

Effect of peripartal administration of mycobacterium cell wall fraction on health and fertility of Holstein cows under organic-certified management

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Solano-Suárez ◽  
Luciano S Caixeta ◽  
Alexander Masic ◽  
Diego Manríquez ◽  
Luciana Hatamoto-Zervoudakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of peripartal administration of a commercially available nonspecific immune stimulant (mycobacterium cell wall fraction; MCWF [Amplimune, NovaVive Inc., Napanee, ON, Canada]) on the incidence of disease during early lactation and subsequent fertility of dairy cows. A second objective was to characterize the dynamics of circulating white blood cells (WBC) and metabolic markers following treatment administration. Cows in an United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic-certified dairy herd were blocked by parity and, based on sequential calving dates, randomly assigned to receive two injections (5 mL s.c.) of either a placebo (saline solution) as a control (CON; n = 71) or MCWF (n = 65) at enrollment (7 d before expected calving) and within 24 h after calving. Blood samples were collected from a subsample of the study population (MCWF = 16; CON = 18) for WBC count at enrollment, at day 2 post enrollment, and at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after calving. Serum fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and Ca concentrations were determined at days 1 and 7 postpartum (MCWF = 21; CON = 21). Main outcome variables included incidence risk of peripartal and early lactation health disorders and pregnancy at first artificial insemination (AI), at 100, and at 150 days in milk (DIM). In addition, the average daily milk yield up to 90 DIM and death and live culling before 305 DIM were compared. Treatment effects were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, time-to-event analyses, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). A treatment effect on the incidence risk of some of the health disorders in the study was established. Incidence risk of metritis and clinical mastitis &lt;28 DIM was smaller in MCWF than in CON cows (36.9% vs. 50.7% and 6.3% vs. 19.7%, respectively). On the contrary, the incidence risk of respiratory disease &lt;28 DIM was smaller in CON (0%) than in MCWF (7.7%). Reproductive performance of multiparous cows was affected by MCWF administration: pregnancy at first AI and pregnancy at 100 and 150 DIM were greater in MCWF than in CON (35.6% vs. 19.2%; 51.1% vs. 25.0%; and 64.4% vs. 40.4%, respectively). Overall, median intervals from calving to pregnancy were 90 vs. 121 d in MCWF and CON cows, respectively. No treatment effects on the dynamics of circulating WBC or in postpartum metabolic status were established. No differences for milk yield or for the proportion of cows that survived up to 305 DIM were determined, although cows in MCWF left the herd earlier than cows in CON. In conclusion, incidence risks of metritis and mastitis in early lactation were smaller in cows receiving MCWF, whereas the incidence risk of respiratory disease was smaller in CON. Fertility significantly improved in MCWF compared with CON cows. As this study was performed in an organic-certified dairy, specific health and reproductive management practices may affect the external validity of the current findings.

Cell wall fraction of Mycobacterium indicus pranii shows potential Th1 adjuvant activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 408-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Saqib ◽  
Rahul Khatri ◽  
Bindu Singh ◽  
Ananya Gupta ◽  
Sangeeta Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii

scholarly journals A study of the reaction of protoporphyrin IX with human globin

1974 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amyra Treffry ◽  
Stanley Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Tryptophan Residues ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Effect Of Light

The present paper reports an investigation of the reaction of protoporphyrin IX with globin prepared from the HbA0 component of human blood. The porphyringlobin produced is always heterogeneous; however, when globin is used immediately after preparation, its affinity for porphyrin is higher and the product less heterogeneous than when the globin has been frozen or freeze-dried. The affinity of globin for haemin is less affected by its history. With freshly prepared globin, reconstitution at room temperature provides a different distribution of porphyringlobin species than reconstitution at 4°C. Further changes in the species distribution of cold-reconstituted samples may be observed by gel electrophoresis when the samples are aged for 24h at room temperature. Chromatographic separation of such porphyringlobin samples on CM-Sephadex generally revealed five species with two in predominating amounts. It was consistently observed that over a period of 18 days, the faster moving of the two main components decreased in amount whereas the slower-moving component correspondingly increased. However, when the main components are separated, they remain homogeneous over the same length of time. The effect of light on porphyringlobin was also investigated. It was shown that porphyringlobin is photo-oxidized: as a result the porphyrin is destroyed together with most of the histidine, methionine and all of the tryptophan residues of the protein.

Response of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) seedlings to NaCl during the onset of bud break

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mustard ◽  
Sylvie Renault
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Cornus Sericea ◽  
Bud Breaking

A greenhouse study was designed to test the response of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) to NaCl during the onset of bud break. Seedlings treated with 50 mmol·L–1 NaCl for 32 d had lower shoot dry mass and shoot height than untreated seedlings. Transpiration and photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll b and carotenoid concentrations of red-osier dogwood seedlings were significantly reduced by NaCl treatment. The shoots of seedlings treated with 50 mmol·L–1 NaCl had a higher bulk modulus of cell wall elasticity than those of untreated seedlings, but the water potential components determined from the pressure-volume curves, osmotic potential and pressure potential at full turgor and osmotic potential at pressure loss, suggest that this change did not contribute to salt tolerance. Minor changes, including a small increase in arabinose of the hemicellulose fraction and a decrease in both galactose and rhamnose of the pectin fraction, also occurred in response to NaCl treatment. These changes in cell wall composition and elasticity could be partly attributed to differences in the developmental stage of the shoot tissues resulting from the delay in bud breaking in salt treated plants.

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