Cover Crops Resistant to Root-lesion Nematodes in Raspberry

Cover crops used in red raspberry plantings (Rubus idaeus L.) are often good hosts of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans Filipjev & Sch. Stekoven), a major soilborne pathogen of raspberry. The effects of two susceptible cover crops, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), planted in between rows, on nematode density and growth of raspberry plants were compared to those of three cover crops resistant to the nematode: redtop (Agrostis alba L.), creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), and `Saia' oat (Avena sativa L.). Nematode multiplication in raspberry roots and in cover crop roots was assessed over 4 years. Growth and vigor of plants were estimated at the end of the experiment by counting primocanes and determining height and biomass. Nematode multiplication was suppressed in roots of `Saia' oat, fescue, and redtop compared to barley or white clover. Nematode density in roots and rhizosphere soil of raspberry was not affected by the choice of cover crops. Nematode suppression in the three resistant cover crops did not translate into increased vigor of raspberry plants.

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A note on the occurrence of root lesion nematodes under native sand-prairie plant species in the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk, Ontario

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706061ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

A.W. McKeown ◽

J.W. Potter ◽

M.E. Gartshore ◽

P. Carson

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Crop Species ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Prairie Plant

The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans, which is the most important plant-parasitic nematode in southern Ontario, has an extremely wide host range. Because of the need to suppress lesion nematodes with cover-crop species which are poor or non-hosts of this parasite, a number of native sand-prairie species were evaluated for susceptibility. Eleven plant species belonging to the families Asclepiadaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae were determined to support very low numbers of P. penetrans and consequently to have potential as beneficial cover-crops.

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EFFECTS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT ON NUMBERS OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN SOILS OF ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps73-033 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 181-185

Author(s):

C. F. MARKS ◽

W. J. SAIDAK ◽

P. W. JOHNSON

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Management Practice ◽

Soil Management ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Entire Area ◽

Red Fescue ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Lesion Nematode

The use of herbicides and cover crops in peach orchards influenced the numbers of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, in Fox sandy loam soils. Plots treated over the entire area with the herbicide combination of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) and linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) had the smallest number of P. penetrans in the soil. The soil management practice used by many Ontario growers, clean cultivation until 1 July followed by a weed cover, resulted in the largest numbers of nematodes in the soil. Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) as a cover crop retarded the rate of increase of P. penetrans numbers in the soil but Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare cult sudanense Hitchc.) did not. Weed control practices that permitted a temporary re-establishment of weed covers, did not retard the increase of P. penetrans numbers. Use of paraquat plus linuron to limit weed growth in the tree rows coupled with a permanent cover of creeping red fescue between the rows appears to be an effective way of retarding increases of P. penetrans numbers in peach orchards. Soil management systems that incorporate these features may be of practical value to Ontario peach growers.

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Yield of ‘Superior’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and dynamics of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) populations following “nematode suppressive” cover crops and fumigation

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706211ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A.W. McKeown ◽

J.W.. Potter

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Red Clover ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass

Studies were conducted at Simcoe, Ontario from 1992 to 1996 to evaluate various cover crop species as possible alternatives to fumigation prior to potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Cereal rye (Secale cereale), a common overwinter cover crop in vegetable production systems, is an excellent host for the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) and provides a suitable overwintering host on coarse sandy soils. Vorlex Plus CP and Telone IIB fumigants were compared to 'Domo' mustard (Brassica juncea) for the 1993 and 1994 potato crop years. Rye plus red clover (Trifolium pratense) was included as a known host cover crop system. Cyanogenic plants including 'Domo' mustard (1994) or 'Cutlass' mustard (1995, 1996), 'Forge' canola (Brassica rapa), 'Sordan 79' and 'Trudan 8' sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor), and flax (Linum usitatissimum) were compared to Vorlex Plus CP fumigant and 'NK557' sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) for effects on potato yield and nematodes. Shallow (15 cm) and deep (45 cm) fumigation with Vorlex Plus CP were also compared prior to potatoes for the 1994 to 1996 crop years. There was little detectable difference in percent or days to 50% emergence of potatoes following any treatment. Highest total and marketable yields resulted from Telone IIB fumigation, then Vorlex Plus CP fumigation and 'Domo' mustard, followed by control and rye plus red clover cover. Populations of nematodes surpassed the threshold of 1000 kg-1 soil in all treatments and were highest in potatoes following rye plus red clover. Yield and nematode control following sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and mustards appeared to be intermediate between fumigated and not fumigated. All of the cover crops appeared to be root-lesion nematode hosts in the field, and reduction of population levels appeared to result after incorporation or nematode winterkill. Nematode mortality was excellent with fumigation and next best from kill over the winter after 'Sordan 79' incorporation. 'Sordan 79' grown over at least part of the summer followed by incorporation was an alternative to fumigation prior to potatoes. Deep chiselling appears to reduce nematode population, possibly by physical action. Where nematode populations warrant, deep fumigation prior to potatoes appears to be of merit.

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Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.9.1074 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1074-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John W. Potter ◽

Adam Dale

Keyword(s):

Nematode Resistance ◽

High Yield ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Fragaria Virginiana ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Growth Vigor ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

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Root-Knot and Root-Lesion Nematode Suppression by Cover Crops, Poultry Litter, and Poultry Litter Compost

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0487 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 487-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

K. L. Everts ◽

S. Sardanelli ◽

R. J. Kratochvil ◽

D. K. Armentrout ◽

L. E. Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Soybean Cultivar ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Experiments using soil-incorporated cover crops and amendments of poultry litter (PL) and PL compost to suppress root-knot (RKN) and root-lesion nematodes were conducted in response to increasing nematode populations in Maryland's potato production areas. Identical experiments were established in microplots infested with Meloidogyne incognita or Pratylenchus penetrans. Treatments consisted of 12 3-year rotational sequences comprising potato (year 1) and cucumber (year 2) followed by a moderately RKN-resistant or susceptible soybean cultivar, castor bean, grain sorghum, or sorghum sudangrass; PL or PL compost were amended to some of the RKN-susceptible soybean and sorghum sudangrass plots. In the third year of the rotation, potato followed by soybean was planted in all 12 treatments. The RKN-resistant soybean, castor bean, sorghum sudangrass, and fallow or tillage decreased the populations of M. incognita compared with microplots where RKN-susceptible soybean had been grown. However, RKN populations quickly recovered. Root-lesion nematode was reduced in the spring of 2001 following application of high rates of PL and PL compost in 2000. In the fall of 2001, sorghum sudangrass alone or in combination with PL or PL compost, grain sorghum, or fallow or tillage reduced root-lesion nematodes compared with either soybean cultivar. No treatment affected root-lesion nematode the following year. The use of cover crops and PL compost is an effective method to reduce nematode populations only if successively incorporated into rotational cropping sequences.

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EFFECT OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE ON YIELD OF FOUR FORAGE LEGUMES UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps69-083 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 505-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. B. Willis ◽

L. S. Thompson

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Foliage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were reduced by root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. and Stekh, 1941]. Foliage yields generally decreased with increased infestation levels. Significant yield reductions were recorded at the time of first cutting for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil, but not until several cuts later for red clover and alfalfa. Mean yields of birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, alfalfa, and white clover infested with 7,500 nematodes per pail were 50, 73, 83, and 93%, respectively, of control yields.

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Selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-074 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 593-598

Author(s):

B. R. Christie ◽

J. L. Townshend

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Growth Room ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Selection For ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Made In

A study was conducted to evaluate response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Sch.-Stek.) under growth-room facilities. Six hundred plants of the cultivar Vernal were inoculated with root-lesion nematodes. Counts were made 13–14 wk later of the number of nematodes g−1 root. Selections were made for relatively low counts (resistant) and high counts (susceptible). Selections were self-pollinated, and the S1 progeny of nine plants (five resistant and four susceptible) were evaluated. The S1 progenies from both types of selections had similar counts. The S2 progenies of resistant S1 parents, however, had lower counts than those of susceptible parents. The F1 crosses generally reacted as expected on the basis of the S2 parents. Results of this study suggest that progress can be made in breeding for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa.Key words: Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, alfalfa, selection

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Invasion and reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in birdsfoot trefoil cultivars

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706191ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Kimpinski ◽

Y.A. Papadopoulos ◽

B.R. Christie ◽

K.B. McRae ◽

C.E. Gallant

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Lotus Corniculatus ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Population Densities ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Screening Trial

Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the levels of invasion of birdsfoot trefoil(Lotus corniculatus) cultivars and lines by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchuspenetrans). Numbersof nematodesin roots grown in 50-cm3 polystyrene starter pots were determined 6 weeks after planting. Nematodes were detected in the roots of all cultivars and lines, though the degree of invasion varied significantly. In the first screening trial, carried out in 1994 on 23 cultivars and lines, NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking harbored the lowest population densities of nematodes with levels below 1 000 g-1 of dry root, while Fergus and EPF had population densities over 30 000 g-1 of dry root. In the second screening trial conducted in 1995, all nine cultivars and lines tested, including NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking, had nematode levels greater than 7 900 g-1 of dry root. The results indicated that the cultivars and lines tested in this study exhibited wide genetic variability for invasion by root-lesion nematodes.

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ASSESSMENT OF TURFGRASSES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF Pratylenchus penetrans and Paratylenchus projectus IN ORCHARDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps84-050 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 355-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. L. TOWNSHEND ◽

R. A. CLINE ◽

V. A. DIRKS ◽

C. F. MARKS

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Grass Species ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Red Fescue ◽

Poa Trivialis ◽

Lesion Nematode

The capacity of 18 turfgrasses to repress the multiplication of root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb, was tested in a growth room. Populations varied from 230 nematodes per pot on Agrostis alba L. to 1800 per pot on Poa trivialis L. Selected grass species and cultivars were tested as cover crops in established peach, plum, and apple orchards at Vineland from 1975 to 1980. Average population levels of the root-lesion nematode and the pin nematode, Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, did not build up substantially during this period. Tall fescue, F. arundinacea (Schreb.), had the lowest average nematode population levels as a grass cover. Tall fescue and creeping red fescue, F. rubra L., were more effective in suppressing nematodes than Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., and orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L..Key words: Apple, plum, peach, root-lesion, pin-nematodes

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Invasion and reproduction by rootlesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) differs among selected lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense)

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706228ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 41-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y.A. Papadopoulos ◽

J. Kimpinski ◽

K.B. McRae ◽

B.R. Christie ◽

C.E. Gallant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

High Concentration ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Eighteen cultivars and breeding lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense) were evaluated in a greenhouse study for their relative response to inoculation by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). The incidence of plants invaded and the nematode concentration in the roots were generally related but not always. One cultivar (Florex) had a low incidence of plants being invaded, but a high concentration of nematodes in the roots of invaded plants. Three entries (CRS 15, CRS 5, and CRS 11) displayed a low incidence of plants being invaded and a low concentration of nematodes in the root. One cultivar, AC Kingston, was judged to be highly susceptible, while the remaining entries had differing invasion incidences and differing concentrations of root-lesion nematodes in the roots.

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