Number of Open Florets on a Flowering Stem Influences Postharvest Life of Antirrhinum majus L.

Flowering stems from three commercial inbreds and their F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus L. were cut when the first eight basal florets opened. Tops of the stems were removed above the eighth floret and florets were removed leaving two, four, six, or eight open florets on a stem. A completely random design with 10 replications was used. Flowering stems were placed in plastic storage containers 35 × 23 × 14 cm (L × W × H) with 2.5 L deionized water for postharvest evaluation. Evaluation took place under continuous cool-white fluorescent light (9 μmol·m–2·s–1) at 24°C Postharvest life was determined as the number of days from cutting to discard when 50% of the open florets on a flowering stem wilted, turned brown, or dried. Results showed postharvest life increased as the number of open florets on a stem decreased. Mean postharvest life increased as much as 4.7 days when only two florets remained on a stem. These results indicate a direct relationship between number of florets on a cut flower stem and postharvest life.

Download Full-text

Water Loss Changes of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers as Influenced by Genotype

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.482g ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 482G-483

Author(s):

Dennis P. Stimart ◽

Kenneth R. Schroeder

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Open Area ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Flowering Stem ◽

Postharvest Life

Cut flowers of a short(S) lived (3 days) inbred, a long(L) lived (15 days) inbred and their hybrid (F1, 7.3 days) of Antirrhinum majus L. were evaluated for water loss when held in deionized water under continuous fluorescent light at 25°C. Flowering stems for water loss evaluation were harvested when the basal five to six florets expanded. Cut stems were placed in narrowed-necked bottles with the open area between the stem and bottle sealed with Parafilm. Stem weight and water weight in the bottle were taken every 24 h. Water loss evaluation was continued until 50% of the open florets on the flowering stem wilted or turned brown. Overall, water loss from all accessions was highest 24 h postharvest, declined rapidly between 24 to 96 h, and remained unchanged throughout the remainder of postharvest life. Between 24 to 96 h, the slope of the line for water loss was greatest for L, least for S, and intermediate for the F1. It appears that longest postharvest life of A. majus is associated with the most rapid decline of water loss immediately postharvest to a level, which remains constant.

Download Full-text

340 Postharvest Life of Antirrhinum majus L. as Influenced by Number of Stomata per Cut Flower Stem

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.501e ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 501E-502

Author(s):

Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽

Dennis P. Stimart

Keyword(s):

Imaging System ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Glass Slides ◽

Stomatal Complexes ◽

Flower Stem ◽

Postharvest Life ◽

Leaf Impressions ◽

Microscope Slides ◽

Super Glue

Leaf impressions were made from two short-lived (4 and 5 d) inbreds, a long-lived (11 d) inbred, and their hybrids (8 and 9 d) of Antirrhinum majus L. using Super Glue and glass microscope slides. Leaves were taken from mid stem, pressed on glass slides (under side down), spread with a small amount of Super Glue, set for 3 to 4 s. Then, the leaf was peeled off leaving a permanent impression in the glue. Slides were placed under a microscope equipped with a video imaging system and computer images were taken to facilitate counting of stomatal complexes. Number of stomata ranged from 10,400 to 21,300 per cm2 of leaf. A LI-COR LI-3100 area meter (LI-COR, Inc. Lincoln, Neb.) was used to measure total leaf area of 40-cm cut flower stems of each accession. Stomata per flowering stem ranged from 1,074,000 to 2,282,000, with the long-lived inbred having the fewest stomata, the hybrids intermediate with 11% to 21% more, and the short-lived inbreds having 40% to 113% more stomata per stem. It appears long postharvest life of A. majus is associated with flowering stems with fewer stomata per cut stem.

Download Full-text

Extension of Postharvest Keeping Time of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers with Hydrogen Peroxide

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.518a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 518A-518

Author(s):

Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽

Dennis P. Stimart

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Stem Cutting ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Glass Bottle ◽

Random Design ◽

Postharvest Life

Three percent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was diluted with deionized water (dH2O) to 0.75%, 0.38%, 0.19%, 0.09%, or 0.05% H2O2 plus 1.5% sucrose for use in evaluation of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) cut flowers. Other vase solutions used as controls included; 300 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) plus 1.5% sucrose; dH2O plus 1.5% sucrose; and dH2O. A completely random design with 7 replicationss was used. Flowering stems of three commercial inbreds and one F1 hybrid of snapdragon were cut when the first five basal florets opened. Each stem was placed in an individual glass bottle containing one of the eight different treatments. Flowering stems were discarded when 50% of the open florets wilted, turned brown, or dried. Postharvest life was determined as the number of days from stem cutting to discard. Addition of H2O2 to vase solutions at rates of 0.19 and 0.09% resulted in postharvest life not different from that obtained with 8-HQC plus sucrose. Hydrogen peroxide plus sucrose extended postharvest life of snapdragon cut flowers 6 to 8 days over dH2O and 5 to 7 days over dH2O plus 1.5% sucrose.

Download Full-text

080 Postharvest Longevity Analysis of Advance Generations in Antirrhinum majus L.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.455a ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 455A-455

Author(s):

William J. Martin ◽

Dennis P. Stimart

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Postharvest Life ◽

Postharvest Longevity ◽

Fluorescent Lighting

Cut flowers of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) P1, P2, F1, F3, and F2 × F2 plants were harvested after the first five flowers were open and were evaluated for postharvest longevity to further evaluate genes conditioning postharvest longevity. F3 progeny evaluated were derived by selfing F2 selections of long keeping, mid-range, and short keeping types. F2 × F2 progeny evaluated were derived from crosses within and between postharvest longevity categories. Populations for evaluation were grown in the greenhouse in winter 1998-1999 in a randomized complete-block design according to standard forcing procedures. Thirty plants of each genotype were held in the laboratory in deionized water under continuous fluorescent lighting at 22 °C for postharvest assessment. The end of postharvest life was defined as 50% of the flowers drying, browning, or wilting. Data will be presented on postharvest longevity and allelic relationships within populations.

Download Full-text

Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers as Influenced by Backcrosses to a Short-lived Recurrent Parent and Harvest Time

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.570d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 570d-570

Author(s):

Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽

Dennis P. Stimart

Keyword(s):

Inbred Line ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Single Seed Descent ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Flower Stem ◽

Postharvest Longevity

An inbred backcrossing approach was taken to transfer long postharvest keeping time of cut flowers from a white inbred line of Antirrhinum majus L. into a yellow short-lived inbred line. Three backcrosses to the short-lived recurrent parent were done followed by three generations of selfing by single-seed descent. Plants from 56 accessions of BC1S3 through BC3S3 were grown twice (June and August 1995) in a greenhouse and flower stems harvested for postharvest longevity evaluation. Postharvest evaluation was done in deionized water under continuous fluorescent light. Longevity was determined as the number of days from cutting to discard when 50% of the open florets on a flower stem wilted or turned brown. One yellow accession was retrieved that was not significantly different in postharvest longevity from the white long-lived parent. Environment substantially influenced postharvest longevity over harvest dates. Possible causes for variation of postharvest keeping time will be presented.

Download Full-text

Genotype of Flowering Stems of Antirrhinum majus L. Influences Ethylene Evolution and Fresh Weight Changes Postharvest

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.617d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 617d-617

Author(s):

Dennis P. Stimart ◽

Kenneth R. Schroeder

Keyword(s):

Weight Change ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Ethylene Evolution ◽

Postharvest Life ◽

Final Amount

Cut flowers of a short (S)-lived (3-day) inbred, a long (L)-lived (15-day) inbred and their hybrid (F1, 7.3 days) of Antirrhinum majus L. were evaluated for fresh weight and ethylene evolution change postharvest when held in deionized water. Fresh weight change of all accessions increased 1 day postharvest then declined over the remainder of postharvest life. The loss of fresh weight was most rapid for S and less rapid for F1 and least rapid for L. Ethylene release postharvest for S and F1 started on day 1, but for L ethylene release started on day 9. Once ethylene evolution began it continued through postharvest life. On the last day of postharvest life, ethylene release from S and F1 were similar, but L was twice the level as S and F1. It appears that a slower decline in fresh weight, a delay in outset of ethylene release and higher final amount of ethylene release at senescence are heritable and associated with longer keeping time of A. majus.

Download Full-text

Relationship Between Postharvest Longevity of Cut Flowering Stems and Intact Flowers of Greenhouse-grown Antirrhinum majus L.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.486d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 486d-486

Author(s):

Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽

Dennis P. Stimart

Keyword(s):

Deionized Water ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Flower Longevity ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Postharvest Life ◽

Postharvest Longevity ◽

Selection For

Considerable variation exists in Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) for postharvest longevity of cut flowering stems. We have seen a range of 2 to 16 d postharvest life of snapdragon inbreds used in our experiments when evaluated in deionized water. A correlation between longevity of intact flowers and cut flowers has been reported for roses and tulips. In an effort to test this relationship on snapdragons, plants from a short-lived (5 days) and long-lived (16 days) inbred were grown in a greenhouse at the Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, in Spring 1997. Plants began flowering in Apr.1997. The first three florets on each plant were tagged when fully open and the date of senescence recorded for each individual floret. Results showed a significant difference in longevity of intact florets. Mean floret longevity of the short- and long-lived lines was 13 and 25 days, respectively (LSD0.05 = 1.03 days). This is an indication that selection for postharvest longevity of snapdragons may be done based on intact flower longevity.

Download Full-text

Storage Temperature and Duration Affect Flower Bud Development, Shoot Emergence, and Flowering of Leucocoryne coquimbensis F. Phil.

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.123.4.586 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 586-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kiyoshi Ohkawa ◽

Hyeon-Hye Kim ◽

Emiko Nitta ◽

Yukinori Fukazawa

Keyword(s):

No Reduction ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Bud Development ◽

Dry Storage ◽

Flower Stem ◽

Shoot Emergence ◽

Flower Bud Development

Leucocoryne, a native to Chile, has violet, blue, or white flowers and is increasing in popularity as a cut flower. The effects of storage temperature and duration on flower bud development, shoot emergence, and anthesis were investigated. Bulbs stored at 20 to 30 °C for 22 weeks produced 3.4 flower stems per bulb between March and April. Bulbs stored at 20 °C flowered earliest, followed by those stored at 25 °C. Bulbs stored at 30 °C flowered last. After 16 weeks of storage at 20 °C, a further 2 weeks dry storage at 15 °C before planting resulted in 1 month earlier flowering with no reduction of the number of flowering stems. As dry storage at 20 °C increased to 11 months, the time to emergence and flowering decreased. After dry storage at 20 °C for 12 months, the primary flower stems aborted and secondary stems then developed. Secondary and tertiary flower stems tend to commence flower bud development after the flower bud on the primary flower stem has reached the gynoecium or anther and ovule stage of initiation.

Download Full-text