scholarly journals Distinguishing Poinsettia Cultivars and Evaluating Their Genetic Relationships using DNA Fingerprinting

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 500A-500
Author(s):  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
Shane Abbitt
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Distance Estimator

The objective was to distinguish between cultivars and evaluate genetic relatedness of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) using two methods of DNA fingerprinting—DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) and Arbitrary Signatures from Amplification Profiles (ASAP). Eleven red poinsettia cultivars were studied, including `Celebrate 2', `Darlyne', `Freedom Red', `Lilo', `Nutcracker Red', `Peterstar Red', `Petoy', `Red Sails', `Supjibi', `V-14 Glory', and `V-17 Angelika'. Amplification was with 10 octamer primers. Gels were visually scored for presence or absence of bands. The 10 primers generated 336 bands. The average number of bands (≈1000 bp) per primer was 34 ranging from 19 to 43. Thirty-one percent of bands were polymorphic and distinguished between each cultivar. The number of unique profiles varied from two to nine. Genetic relationships were evaluated by SAHN cluster analysis based on the distance estimator of Jaccard using the NTSYS-pc program (Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 1.8). The resulting dendrogram closely agreed with known pedigree data. ASAP analysis was used to further assess cultivar identification of two cultivars that were genetically and morphologically similar. Markers were found that separated `Nutcracker Red' and `Peterstar Red'. ASAP analysis separated cultivars within the Freedom series that DAF failed to distinguish. Two cultivars in the Freedom series, `Jingle Bells' and `Marble', were characterized from other cultivars in the series with ASAP.

scholarly journals DNA Amplification Fingerprinting Used to Distinguish Series of Cutting, Seedling, and Ivy Leaf Geranium

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 565c-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
Shane Abbitt
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Pelargonium Peltatum ◽  
Ivy Geranium ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Distance Estimator

The objective was to distinguish between series of cultivars of Pelargonium xhortorum (zonal geranium), Pelargonium hybrids (seed geranium), and Pelargonium peltatum (ivy leaf geranium) using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) demonstrating the utility of DAF for patent protection to prevent infringement of inventor's rights. Leaf tissue of 10 plants of each cultivar of seedling geranium was bulked for DNA extraction, and cutting and ivy geranium cultivars were bulks of five plants of each cultivar. Isolated DNA from different cultivars of a series were bulked together in their respective series. Seedling geranium series included Dynamo, Glamour, Multibloom, Orbit, Pinto, and Ringo 2000. Cutting geranium series included Designer and Showcase. Ivy geraniums were from the Guillou group. Amplification was with one of two octamer primers, followed by reamplifying with one of four different mini hairpin primers. Gels were visually scored for presence or absence of bands. The four primers generated 336 bands. The average number of bands (_1000 bp) per primer was 40. Twenty percent of bands were polymorphic and distinguished between each series of cultivars. Genetic relationships were evaluated by SAHN cluster analysis based on the distance estimator of Dice using the NTSYS-pc program (Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 1.8). Series were grouped according to species. Seedling geraniums were in one large group, the two cutting geraniums were grouped together and the ivy leaf geraniums were a separate branch.

Genetic Relationships of Cory's Shearwater: Parentage, Mating Assortment, and Geographic Differentiation Revealed by DNA Fingerprinting

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Rabouam ◽  
Vincent Bretagnolle ◽  
Yves Bigot ◽  
Georges Periquet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Cory’S Shearwater ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Calonectris Diomedea

Abstract We used DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic structure of populations in Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). We analyzed mates and parent-offspring relationships, as well as the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations, from the level of subcolony to subspecies. We found no evidence of extrapair fertilization, confirming that the genetic breeding system matches the social system that has been observed in the species. Mates were closely related, and the level of genetic relatedness within populations was within the range usually found in inbred populations. In contrast to previous studies based on allozymes and mtDNA polymorphism, DNA fingerprinting using microsatellites revealed consistent levels of genetic differentiation among populations. However, analyzing the two subspecies separately revealed that the pattern of genetic variation among populations did not support the model of isolation by distance. Natal dispersal, as well as historic and/or demographic events, probably contributed to shape the genetic structure of populations in the species.

scholarly journals Nucleic Acid Scanning Techniques Distinguish Closely Related Cultivars of Poinsettia

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
Xiangrong Duan ◽  
Shane Abbitt
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primers

DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) was used to evaluate the genetic relationships among 11 cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.). Amplification was with 10 octamer oligonucleotide primers that generated 336 DNA bands. Thirty-one percent of the bands were polymorphic and distinguished among cultivars. Genetic relationships were evaluated by cluster analysis, and the resulting dendrogram closely agreed with published cultivar relationships. Arbitrary signatures from amplification profiles (ASAP) were further used to characterize two cultivars, `Nutcracker Red' and `Peterstar Red', that were previously found to be genetically and morphologically similar, as well as five cultivars in the “Freedom” series. The DAF products generated with arbitrary octamer primers were reamplified with mini-hairpin decamer primers in these experiments. The ASAP profiles were complex and yielded a total of 231 bands, 38% of which were polymorphic and capable of distinguishing each Freedom cultivar. Five of the eight primer combinations distinguished `Nutcracker Red' from `Peterstar Red'. Thus, closely related cultivars of poinsettia can be separated using new and improved molecular fingerprinting protocols.

Genetic relatedness and cultivar identification in a valuable garden species, Hesperantha coccinea ( Schizostylis coccinea)

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Kirsten Wolff ◽  
Sabina Knees ◽  
Suzanne Cubey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multilocus Genotypes ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Garden Plants ◽  
Garden Plant

DNA fingerprinting using microsatellites is a useful aid in cultivar identification, but has rarely been applied to garden plants. Eleven microsatellite markers were developed for the valuable garden plantHesperanthacoccinea(Schizostylis coccinea), and used to determine relatedness of accessions. Several accessions, described as separate cultivars, appeared to have identical genotypes. Among the 53 accessions tested, there were 34 unique multilocus genotypes. The level of polymorphism detected in the cultivars was high, with on average seven alleles per locus and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.72 across loci. It is clear from the genotypes that a large proportion of the cultivars are closely related to each other. The resulting markers can now be used to generate a complete database of all known cultivars of the species and to detect essentially derived cultivars. As an extension of this study, the markers identified here could also inform us about the genetic diversity in wild populations.

scholarly journals DNA Marker-based Study of Genetic Relatedness in United States Sweetpotato Cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Prakash ◽  
Guohao He ◽  
Robert L. Jarret
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) approach was used to investigate genetic relationships among 30 U.S. sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) genotypes including heirloom cultivars and recent releases. Phenogram, pairwise similarity matrix, and principal coordinate plots were developed based on Jaccard's coefficients using band-sharing data generated by seven octamer primers. All cultivars showed unique fingerprint patterns indicating the utility of DAF in cultivar identification. Many heirloom cultivars such as `Creole' and `Porto Rico' were readily differentiated from recently developed cultivars. Modern cultivars such as `Jewel', `Carver', `Nugget', and `Scarlet' exhibited a high degree of similarity reflecting ancestral relatedness. `Regal' and `Excel', recently developed using a population-based breeding approach, showed greater divergence from all other cultivars. Those cultivars, developed as a result of somatic mutations, exhibited high levels of genetic similarity to their normal-type parents and yet had distinct fingerprint profiles. With few exceptions, genetic relationships derived from DAF data appear to be consistent with available pedigree information.

DNA fingerprinting and genetic relationships of potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) commercially grown in Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Isenegger ◽  
Paul W. J. Taylor ◽  
Rebecca Ford ◽  
Peter Franz ◽  
Graeme R. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Banding Patterns

DNA fingerprints of 64 potato cultivars that are commercially grown in Australia were generated using PCR-based RAPD analysis. All 64 cultivars were differentiated by banding patterns obtained from 17 primers that generated 133 polymorphisms. Clonal variants of cvv. Atlantic, Kennebec, Sebago, and Russet Burbank were found to have within-cultivar identical banding patterns. The largest genetic similarity between potato cultivars and the Solanum andigena and Solanum acuale outgroups were 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. The genetic similarity between only potato cultivars ranged from 0.67 to 0.9. Using similarity data a dendrogram was constructed that showed close genetic relationships between a number of cultivars of similar pedigree. This study has shown that DNA fingerprinting is a useful tool for potato cultivar identification, differentiation, and estimating genetic relationships.

Characterisation of Australian isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense by DNA fingerprinting analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Gerlach ◽  
S. Bentley ◽  
N. Y. Moore ◽  
K. G. Pegg ◽  
E. A. B. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Fingerprinting Analysis ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

Genetic variation among Australian isolates of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), which causes Fusarium wilt in banana, was examined using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). Ninety-four isolates which represented Races 1, 2, 3, and 4, and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 0120, 0124, 0125, 0128, 0129, 01211, 01213/16, and 01220 were analysed. The genetic relatedness among isolates within each VCG, and between the 8 different VCGs of Foc present in Australia was determined. The DNA fingerprint patterns were VCG-specific, with each VCG representing a unique genotype. The genetic similarity among isolates within each VCG ranged from 97% to 100%. Among the different VCGs of Foc, 3 major clusters were distinguished which corresponded with race. All Race 1 and 2 isolates (VCGs 0124, 0125, 0128, and 01220) were closely related and clustered together, the Race 3 isolates from Heliconia clustered separately, and all Race 4 isolates (VCGs 0120, 0129, 01211, and 01213/16) clustered together. Fifteen isolates from Alstonville, NSW, were characterised because although they were classified as Race 2 based on their recovery from cooking banana cultivars, they belonged in VCG 0124, which had previously contained only Race 1 isolates. The occurrence of more than one race within a VCG means that vegetative compatibility grouping cannot be used to assign pathotype to pathogenic race as previously thought. It was possible to distinguish the Race 1 and Race 2 isolates within VCG 0124 using DNA fingerprinting, as each race produced a unique DNA fingerprint pattern. Among the Australian isolates, DNA fingerprinting analysis identified 9 different VCGs and genotypes of Foc.

scholarly journals Evaluating Genetic Relationships of Geranium Using Arbitrary Signatures from Amplification Profiles

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
Shane Abbitt
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Amplification Protocol ◽  
Pelargonium Peltatum ◽  
Ivy Geranium ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Distance Estimator

Our objective was to distinguish between eight cultivars of two geranium species, Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey (cutting and seed geranium) and Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait. (ivy geranium), and evaluate their genetic relationships using the nucleic acid scanning techniques of DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) and/or arbitrary signatures from amplification profiles (ASAP). Cultivars used in the study represented three commercial types: cutting, seed, and ivy geranium. Two seed geranium cultivars from each of the Dynamo and Orbit series were included. Cutting geranium cultivars were `Designer Lilac Chiffon' and `Starburst Red' and the ivy geraniums were `Bernardo Guiber' and `Vinco Guivin'. The ASAP amplification protocol used one of two arbitrary octamer primers, followed by reamplification with one of four different minihairpin primers. ASAP profiles were complex, with 66% of bands being polymorphic and useful in distinguishing between cultivars. Genetic relationships were evaluated by principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis based on the Jaccard distance estimator. This analysis grouped cultivars by species according to commercial type, i.e., seed geraniums were in one large group, the cutting geraniums were grouped together, and the ivy geraniums were a separate branch.

scholarly journals Development of SCAR Markers for DNA Fingerprinting and Germplasm Analysis of American Cranberry

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Polashock ◽  
Nicholi Vorsa
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
American Cranberry ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Germplasm Analysis

DNA fingerprinting has been useful for genotypic classification of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methodologies including randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are relatively easy to use, and inexpensive as compared to other methods. However, RAPD markers have some limitations including seamless interlaboratory transferability and susceptibility to certain types of error. An alternative method, sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs), was developed for cranberry germplasm analysis. Nine primer sets were designed from RAPD-identified polymorphic markers for use in two multiplex PCR reactions. These primer sets generated 38 markers across a cranberry germplasm collection. Estimates of genetic relatedness deduced from employment of the RAPD and SCAR methods were compared among 27 randomly chosen cranberry germplasm accessions. Although both methods produced comparable results above 0.90 coefficient of similarity, branches below this level exhibited variation in clustering. SCAR and RAPD markers can be employed for identifying closely related genotypes. However, the inferences of more distant genetic relationships are less certain. SCAR marker reactions provided more polymorphic markers on a per reaction basis than RAPD marker reactions and as such more readily separated closely related progeny. When SCAR primers were fluorescent dye-labeled for computerized detection and data collection, reduced marker intensity relative to unlabeled reactions was one problem encountered.

scholarly journals GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG U.S. SWEETPOTATO CULTIVARS ANALYZED BY DNA AMPLIFICATION FINGER-PRINTING

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 441c-441
Author(s):  
C.S. Prakash ◽  
G. He ◽  
R. Jarret
Keyword(s):  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Pairwise Similarity ◽  
Finger Printing

The PCR-based DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) approach was used to investigate the evolutionary relationships among 30 U.S. sweetpotato cultivars. Phenogram and pairwise similarity matrix based on Jaccard's coefficients showed relationships among U.S. cultivars and their progenitors to be consistent with the pedigree history. The genetic variability of U.S. cultivars was relatively low (compared to a sample of global collection). Many older U.S. cultivars formed a cluster in the principal coordinate analysis, suggesting their narrow genetic base, but new cultivars, such as `Regal' and `Excel', showed greater divergence. Somatic mutants showed close genetic similarity with their wild types and yet distinct in fingerprint profiles (e.g., `Resisto' and `Copper Resisto'; `Redmar' and `Goldmar'). All cultivars showed unique DAF profiles, and thus, the DAF approach enabled cultivar identification. `Centennial' showed high similarity to major U.S. cultivars such as `Jewel' and `Rojo Blanco'. `Regal' and its open-pollinated offspring `Excel' showed high similarity with each other. `Jewel', the most leading sweetpotato cultivar in the United States, clustered closely to its parent `Nugget' (83%). Carver, a selection from a cross `Centennial' × `Jewel', showed 75% similarity with `Jewel' and 63% similarity to `Centennial'. `Scarlet', a mutant of `Jewel', appeared in the same cluster as `Jewel' but showed only 68% similarity. Our results show that DAF may be an useful approach in elucidating evolutionary relationships among sweetpotato cultivars.

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