scholarly journals 537 Use of Lysophoshatidylethanolamine (LPE), a Natural Lipid, to Prevent Damaging Effects of Ethephon on Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 538D-538
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ozgen ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Natural Lipid ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Damaging Effects

Ethephon [2-(chloroethyl) phoshonic acid] is used widely to maximize the yield of ripe tomato fruit. However, ethephon causes rapid and extensive defoliation, overripening, and promotes sunscald damage to the fruit. Recent studies from our laboratory have provided evidence that lysophoshatidylethanolamine (LPE) can reduce leaf senescence. We investigated the potential use of LPE to reduce damaging effect of ethephon on tomato foliage. Three-month-old tomato plants (variety Mountain Spring) grown in greenhouse conditions were sprayed with 200 ppm LPE (with 3% ethanol) at 6 and 24 h before ethephon treatment. After 8 days, plants treated with ethephon alone showed about 80% foliar damage while plant treated with LPE before ethephon treatment showed about 25% foliar damage. In a parallel study, LPE together with ethephon was found to maintain three to four times greater chlorophyll content in the leaves compared to ethephon alone. Treatments of LPE did not reduce the fruit ripening response by ethephon. Both sources of LPE were effective in preventing damaging effects of ethephon on the foliage. These results suggest that LPE treatments 6 and 24 h before ethephon application can prevent damaging effects of ethephon on foliage while allowing the acceleration of fruit ripening.

scholarly journals 613 Mitigation of Ethephon Injury to Tomato Plants by a Natural Lipid Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE): Influence on the Activity of Phospholipase D (PLD)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 503A-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ozgen ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta ◽  
Stephen B. Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Natural Lipid ◽  
Potential Use

Ethephon [2-(chloroethyl) phoshonic acid] is used widely to maximize the yield of ripe tomato fruits. However, ethephon causes rapid and extensive defoliation, overripening, and promotes sunscald damage to the fruit. Recent studies from our laboratory have provided evidence that lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) can reduce leaf senescence. We investigated the potential use of LPE to reduce damaging effect of ethephon on tomato foliage and influence on the activity of phospholipase D (PLD). Disruption of membrane integrity has been suggested as a primary cause of senescence in plants. PLD is known to be a key enzyme, which initiates the selective degradation of membrane phospholipids in senescing tissues. Two-month-old tomato plants (`Mountain Spring') grown in greenhouse condition were sprayed with water, 200 ppm LPE, and 1000 ppm ethephon. In addition, LPE spray prior to ethephon or mixture with ethephon were also tested. Leaves were sampled after 0, 2, 5, 24, 72, and 168 h of spray application, for PLD activity measurements. Spray of LPE prior to ethephon spray or inclusion of LPE in the ethephon spray reduced foliar injury by ethephon. Activity of soluble PLD was increased dramatically in leaves sprayed with ethephon initially and than dropped by 7 days. We also found that LPE-treated leaves had lower PLD activity than the ethephon-treated leaves. Plants treated with LPE-ethephon mixture also showed significantly lower PLD activity. These results suggest that LPE treatments mitigate ethephon injury to tomato plants. Furthermore, it appears that this mitigation involves modulation of the activity of PLD.

scholarly journals Influence of Ethephon and a Surfactant on Ripening of Harvested Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 478D-478
Author(s):  
M.A. Moura ◽  
S.R. Zanin ◽  
F.L. Finger
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Ethephon Treatment

The objective of the research was to determine the optimal concentration of ethephon treatment on anticipation of ripening in harvested tomato fruits. Mature-green fruits of cv. Santa Clara were sprayed with 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/L ethephon solution. In another set of experiments, the fruits were sprayed with 0, 500, and 1000 mg/L ethephon solution containing 1.0% surfactant (Dytrol) or not. The visual color and firmness changes during ripening at 24.1°C and 81.3% relative humidity were evaluated. Concentrations of 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/L ethephon had similar effect on the anticipation of fruit ripening. The use of 500 mg/L ethephon delayed the fruit color changes when compared with the treatment of 1000 mg/L ethephon; however, firmness changes were nonsignificantly affected (P = 0.05). Treatment with 1000 mg/L ethephon hastened the color changes by 3 days when compared with control fruits, but no difference on color intensity was observed after 12 days. The use of 1.0% surfactant mixed to ethephon caused slight delay on color changes; therefore, 1000 mg/L ethephon solution in absence of surfactant was more efficient in hastening tomato ripening.

Identification of α-Tomatine 23-Hydroxylase Involved in the Detoxification of a Bitter Glycoalkaloid

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Nakayasu ◽  
Ryota Akiyama ◽  
Midori Kobayashi ◽  
Hyoung Jae Lee ◽  
Takashi Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Esculeoside A

Abstract Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) contain steroidal glycoalkaloid α-tomatine, which functions as a chemical barrier to pathogens and predators. α-Tomatine accumulates in all tissues and at particularly high levels in leaves and immature green fruits. The compound is toxic and causes a bitter taste, but its presence decreases through metabolic conversion to nontoxic esculeoside A during fruit ripening. This study identifies the gene encoding a 23-hydroxylase of α-tomatine, which is a key to this process. Some 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases were selected as candidates for the metabolic enzyme, and Solyc02g062460, designated Sl23DOX, was found to encode α-tomatine 23-hydroxylase. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant Sl23DOX protein demonstrated that it catalyzes the 23-hydroxylation of α-tomatine and the product spontaneously isomerizes to neorickiioside B, which is an intermediate in α-tomatine metabolism that appears during ripening. Leaves of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing Sl23DOX accumulated not only neorickiioside B but also another intermediate, lycoperoside C (23-O-acetylated neorickiioside B). Furthermore, the ripe fruits of Sl23DOX-silenced transgenic tomato plants contained lower levels of esculeoside A but substantially accumulated α-tomatine. Thus, Sl23DOX functions as α-tomatine 23-hydroxylase during the metabolic processing of toxic α-tomatine in tomato fruit ripening and is a key enzyme in the domestication of cultivated tomatoes.

scholarly journals Use of Natural Lipids to Accelerate Ripening and Enhance Storage Life of Tomato Fruit with and without Ethephon

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim M. Farag ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Natural Lipid

A natural lipid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), was used as a tomato fruit ripening agent. The effect of this compound on hastening the ripening and on the defoliation of the `Heinz 7155' processing tomato and the Glamour fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was compared to the effect of ethephon. Vines were sprayed to runoff in the field with a hand sprayer and fruits were harvested 2 weeks or 20 days later in a single harvest operation. LPE (100 mg liter-1) accelerated ripening of both processing and fresh-market tomatoes without defoliation. LPE-treated tomatoes had a better shelf life than the control or ethephon-treated fruit, whether they were harvested at the breaker, pink, or red stage of maturity. The combination of LPE and ethephon (100 mg liter-1) enhanced tomato ripening without damaging the foliage, suggesting that LPE can mitigate the undesirable effects of ethephon on foliage and the fruit. The LPE-related lipid phosphatidyldimethylethanol-amine dipalmitoyl (PDED) also was able to enhance some aspects of keeping quality of tomato fruits, but was not able to enhance fruit ripening. Phosphatidylethanolamine was not as effective as LPE or PDED. It appears that the active molecule of this natural lipid is the lyso form. Our results provide evidence that LPE can enhance tomato fruit ripening and postharvest storage life of vine-ripe fruits and fruits picked at early ripeness stages.

scholarly journals The transcription factor SlHY5 regulates the ripening of tomato fruit at both the transcriptional and translational levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Peiwen Wang ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Yuying Wang ◽  
Shiping Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Translation Efficiency

AbstractLight plays a critical role in plant growth and development, but the mechanisms through which light regulates fruit ripening and nutritional quality in horticultural crops remain largely unknown. Here, we found that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a master regulator in the light signaling pathway, is required for normal fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Loss of function of tomato HY5 (SlHY5) impairs pigment accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling identified 2948 differentially expressed genes, which included 1424 downregulated and 1524 upregulated genes, in the Slhy5 mutants. In addition, genes involved in carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis and ethylene signaling were revealed as direct targets of SlHY5 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Surprisingly, the expression of a large proportion of genes encoding ribosomal proteins was downregulated in the Slhy5 mutants, and this downregulation pattern was accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of ribosomal proteins. Further analysis demonstrated that SlHY5 affected the translation efficiency of numerous ripening-related genes. These data indicate that SlHY5 regulates fruit ripening both at the transcriptional level by targeting specific molecular pathways and at the translational level by affecting the protein translation machinery. Our findings unravel the regulatory mechanisms of SlHY5 in controlling fruit ripening and nutritional quality and uncover the multifaceted regulation of gene expression by transcription factors.

scholarly journals Changes in Photosynthetic Capacity and Photosynthetic Protein Pattern during Tomato Fruit Ripening

1987 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Piechulla ◽  
Richard E. Glick ◽  
Hubert Bahl ◽  
Anastasios Melis ◽  
Wilhelm Gruissem
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

Bio-speckle activity applied to the assessment of tomato fruit ripening

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Romero ◽  
C.C. Martinez ◽  
E.E. Alanís ◽  
G.A. Salazar ◽  
V.G. Broglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

scholarly journals Infection Strategies Deployed by Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium acuminatum, and Rhizopus stolonifer as a Function of Tomato Fruit Ripening Stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Petrasch ◽  
Christian J. Silva ◽  
Saskia D. Mesquida-Pesci ◽  
Karina Gallegos ◽  
Casper van den Abeele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Fusarium Acuminatum ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

scholarly journals Weather Variables Associated with Infection of Tomato Fruit by Colletotrichum coccodes

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
S. P. Pennypacker ◽  
R. E. Stevenson ◽  
A. A. MacNab
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Relationship Of

Field experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of tomato anthracnose to weather variables. Sixteen potted tomato plants were exposed to field conditions within rows of tomato plants for 4 consecutive days at various time periods during the 1993 and 1994 summer growing seasons. Incidence of fruit infection by Colletotrichum coccodes was correlated with rain variables (amount and duration of rain) alone and in combination with other meteorological factors. The best fitting regression equation, accounting for 72% of the variation in anthracnose incidence (arcsine-square root transformed), was Y = 111.77 - 1.16 HNRo, in which HNRo is the numbers of hours during which no rainfall occurs within 4-day intervals that tomato fruit were exposed to field conditions in central Pennsylvania.

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