scholarly journals Effect of Bee Pollination and GA3 on Fruit Size and Maturity of Three Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars with Similar Fruit Densities

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scott NeSmith ◽  
Gerard Krewer
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Fruit Load

Plants of the rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars Brightwell, Climax, and Tifblue were subjected to pollination with bees or to applications of 250 mg·L-1 of gibberellic acid (GA3) to examine the influence on fruit size and maturation period. Plants were thinned to a similar fruit density (FD) 4 weeks after anthesis. `Tifblue' and `Climax' fruit were smaller on GA3-treated than on bee-pollinated plants, but no difference was observed for `Brightwell'. The fruit maturation period for `Climax' was not affected by treatments, but `Brightwell' and `Tifblue' fruit on pollinated plants ripened 2 weeks earlier than fruit on GA3-treated plants. These data suggest that excess fruit load is not the primary factor responsible for the smaller fruit size and lengthened fruit development period resulting from GA3 applications to rabbiteye blueberries.

scholarly journals Effect of GA3 and Pollination on Fruit Set and Development in Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Cano-Medrano ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Fruit Mass

To determine if multiple applications of GA3 would increase size of parthenocarpic fruit, and to assess the interaction between GA3 applications and pollination, `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) flowers were treated with single or multiple applications of GA3 alone or in combination with full or partial pollination. Single or multiple applications of GA3 resulted in similar or increased fruit set compared with pollination, and increased fruit set compared with no pollination. GA3 applications decreased fruit mass and increased the fruit development period in comparison with pollination alone. Multiple, late applications of GA3 were ineffective in overcoming these effects. Partial (nonsaturating) pollination resulted in an average fruit set of 60%, while set following GA3 treatment in combination with full or partial pollination averaged 85%. Fruit mass was greater in the full pollination ±GA3 treatments than in all other treatments. The number of large seeds and seed mass per fruit were greatest in the full pollination treatment, and were significantly decreased by all treatments in which GA3 and/or partial pollination were used; however, there were no concomitant effects of GA3 in delaying the fruit development period. Our results indicate that under optimal pollination conditions, no detrimental effects of GA3 applications on fruit set, fruit size, or fruit development period in blueberry are to be expected, even though GA3 reduces seed number and seed mass. Furthermore, GA3 applications appear to be beneficial in increasing fruit set under suboptimal pollination conditions, although smaller fruit are to be expected under such conditions. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).

scholarly journals Differences in Cell Number Facilitate Fruit Size Variation in Rabbiteye Blueberry Genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Klima Johnson ◽  
Anish Malladi ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Fruit size is a valuable commercial trait in blueberry. The cellular basis of variation in fruit size among rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) genotypes was investigated. Twenty genotypes, including cultivars and advanced selections from the University of Georgia blueberry breeding program, were analyzed. Among the 20 genotypes, fruit weight and fruit diameter varied by over threefold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between fruit weight and fruit diameter (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.001), suggesting that fruit diameter is a good predictor of fruit weight. Among the 20 genotypes, mesocarp cell number and cell area varied by almost 2.5-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. Although fruit diameter and cell number were significantly related (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.001), no relationship could be established between fruit diameter and cell area. These data indicate that variation in fruit size among rabbiteye blueberry genotypes is primarily facilitated by variation in cell number. Two small and two large fruit size genotypes were further analyzed. Differences in cell number among some of these genotypes were apparent at bloom suggesting that cell production before bloom is an important mechanism contributing to variation in final cell number. Differences in final cell number among other genotypes were manifested during fruit development, indicating that cell production during fruit development was also instrumental in determining variation in final cell number. This study suggests that fruit size variation in rabbiteye blueberry genotypes is determined by mechanisms that regulate cell production before bloom and during fruit development.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLIC ACID ENHANCES FRUIT SET OF PHYSICALLY DAMAGED BLUEBERRY FLOWERS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 430c-430
Author(s):  
Gerard Krewer ◽  
Scott NeSmith ◽  
Mark Rieger ◽  
Ben Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Corroborative Evidence ◽  
Better Than

Rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei R.) flowers often suffer slight freeze damage that prevents fertilization and fruit development. To determine if gibberellic acid (GA3) might be useful in rescuing freeze-damaged flowers the following treatments were applied before anthesis to two cultivars at different locations: 1) undamaged control, 2) approximately two-thirds of the corolla and most of the style removed, 3) approximately half of the style removed, and 4) ovules lanced with an insect pin by driving it through the equator of the undeveloped berry until the point came out the other side. Half the bushes were not sprayed, and half were sprayed with GA3 (312 ppm, v/v) the night following treatment. `Climax' at Chula, Ga., had good fruit set for treatment 1 with and without GA3 (70% to 85%). Good fruit set also occurred for treatment 2, 3, and 4 where GA3 was applied (47% to 54%), but poor fruit set without GA3 (4% to 16%). `Tifblue' at Chula had significantly better fruit set for treatment 1 with GA3 (54% vs. 27%). Excellent fruit set occurred for treatment 2, 3, and 4 where GA3 was applied (81% to 96%), and poor fruit set without GA3 (6% to 7%). `Tifblue' fruit set by GA3 sized better than `Climax' fruit set by GA3. The experiments provide corroborative evidence that flowers that have suffered freeze damage to the stigma, style, corolla, and perhaps ovules can be set with GA3.

scholarly journals New late ripening apricot genotypes from a multipurpose apricot breeding programme in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
J.M. Cross ◽  
F.E. Karaat ◽  
F. İnceoğlu ◽  
Z.T. Murathan ◽  
B.M. Asma
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Long Time

The harvest season of apricots is short and fruit cannot be protected in cold stores for a long time. For those reasons, apricot production and consumption are lower than in other fruit species. This study was conducted for the purpose of breeding new late ripening apricot varieties. To this aim, a total of 3718 hybrid genotypes of apricots were obtained from 42 crosses. Phenological, pomological and yield analyses were performed and variations of fruit development period, fruit size, polarimetric dry matter (Brix), total acidity, yield and other traits were determined. Two years of results for important traits are given for 12 promising genotypes. Fruit development period varied between 148 and 167 days, fruit weight 25.2 and 41.2 g, Brix 16.3 and 22.6% and total acidity 0.56 and 1.25%.  

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Contribution to Fruit Development in Two Phenologically Distinct Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Keith B. Birkhold
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Starch Mobilization ◽  
Reserve Carbohydrate ◽  
Pool Sizes ◽  
Total Starch

Rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars differ in timing of floral and vegetative budbreak and in final fruit size. For example, `Bonita' exhibits concomitant floral and vegetative budbreak and has relatively large fruit size, while floral budbreak precedes vegetative budbreak in `Climax' and fruit size is smaller. Mobilization of carbohydrate before and during fruit development in `Bonita' and `Climax' rabbiteye blueberries was examined to determine if differences in carbohydrate availability between these two cultivars were correlated with differences in fruit size. Root dry mass (DM) of both cultivars decreased from dormancy (31 days before anthesis) through fruit development. Sugar concentrations in roots and stems of both cultivars decreased significantly between dormancy and anthesis, then remained relatively steady throughout fruit development. Starch concentrations in roots and stems of `Bonita' decreased significantly between dormancy and anthesis. The extent of total starch depletion in `Climax' was similar; however, the decrease was more gradual, extending from dormancy to 28 days after anthesis (DAA); at which time, vegetative budbreak in `Climax' occurred. Thus, although total reserve carbohydrate pool sizes were similar between the two cultivars, remobilization patterns were different, resulting in increased starch mobilization in `Bonita' compared to `Climax' in the period leading up to anthesis. Concentration of 14C from reserve carbon sources was similar in flowers of both cultivars at anthesis. These values declined throughout fruit development as a result of dilution of the labeled carbon by unlabeled carbon from current photosynthesis. There was a sharper decline in 14C concentration of `Bonita' fruit compared to `Climax' fruit between anthesis and 51 DAA. This, coupled with differences in timing of vegetative budbreak between the two cultivars, suggests that `Bonita' fruit were accessing current (unlabeled) assimilate earlier (i.e., before 51 DAA) than `Climax' fruit. Smaller fruit size in `Climax' compared to `Bonita' may be a consequence of a decrease in reserve carbohydrate mobilization to `Climax' flower buds before anthesis relative to `Bonita', as well as a delay or reduction in the availability of current carbohydrates to developing `Climax' fruit between anthesis and 51 DAA.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Cyanamide Accelerates Vegetative Budbreak and Shortens Fruit Development Period of Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Gerard Krewer ◽  
Brian E. Maust ◽  
E. Paul Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Southern Highbush

Experiments were conducted in north Florida and south Georgia to determine the effects of H2CN2 sprays on vegetative and reproductive growth of blueberry. In Florida, mature, field-grown `Misty' southern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L. hybrid) blueberry plants were sprayed to drip with 0, 10.2, or 20.4 g·L-1 of H2CN2 [hereafter referred to as 0%, 1.0%, and 2.0% (v/v) H2CN2] on 20 Dec. 1996 and 7 Jan. 1997. During the following winter, mature `Misty' southern highbush and `Climax' rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) plants were sprayed to drip with 0, 7.6, or 15.3 g·L-1 of H2CN2 [hereafter referred to as 0%, 0.75%, and 1.5% (v/v) H2CN2] on 17 Dec. 1997 and 6 Jan. 1998. For all experiments, plants were dormant and leafless, with slightly swollen flower buds, at the time of spray applications. Generally, H2CN2 sprays increased the extent and earliness of vegetative budbreak and canopy establishment and advanced flowering slightly. The number of vegetative budbreaks usually increased linearly with increasing spray concentrations. In Florida, H2CN2 [0.75% to 1.0% (v/v)] sprays increased mean fruit fresh weight and yield, and shortened the fruit development period (FDP) compared to controls. However, H2CN2 sprays ranging in concentration from 1.5% to 2.0% (v/v) resulted in significant flower bud injury and reduced total fruit yield compared to controls. In south Georgia, 27 of 37 field trials conducted between 1991 and 1998 on several rabbiteye and southern highbush cultivars indicated that leaf development was significantly enhanced by H2CN2. H2CN2 shows potential for increasing early fruit maturity, fruit size, and yield of southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberry cultivars with poor leaf development characteristics in low-chill production regions. Chemical name used: hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2).

scholarly journals Effect of GA3 Bloom Sprays on Fruit Set and Yield of Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 853D-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell ◽  
G. Krewer ◽  
S. NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Southern Georgia

Field and growth chamber experiments, and grower trials, were conducted to determine the effects of GA3 sprays on yield and fruit quality of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) in northern Florida and southern Georgia. Multiple GA3 sprays at various stages of flower development increased fruit set and yield in field experiments (Florida) and grower trials (Georgia) when compared to controls. Nonpollinated rabbiteye flowers sprayed with GA3 had greater percent fruit set and delayed fruit development compared to hand pollination. Percent fruit set and average fruit weight were reduced at 21C night temperature when compared to 10C night temperature for both hand-pollinated and GA3-treated fruit. Overall, yields were increased by multiple applications of GA3 during bloom, but average fruit size was reduced and the fruit development period was lengthened.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Shortened Fruit Maturation Period in Tomato and its Relation to Fruit Size.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 861b-861
Author(s):  
Joseph. M. Kemble ◽  
Randolph G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Tomato Line ◽  
Locule Number ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments were conducted in 1989 to determine the heritability of shortened fruit maturation (SFM) period in 871213-1, an inbred cherry tomato line (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Dunal.) A. Gray), and to determine the relationship between this trait and fruit size. In the first study, a cross was made between 871213-1 and NC 21C-1, an inbred cherry line. NC 21C-1 had a mean maturation period of 40.8 days compared to 32.0 days for 871213-1. A mean maturation period for the F1 hybrid of 32.9 days and 32.2 days was found using 871213-1 as the female and male parent, respectively. Analysis of the data from parental, F1, F2 and backcross generations yielded estimates of broad-sense and narrow-sense heritabilities for SFM as 0.72 and 0.56, respectively. Further analysis indicated that genetic control of SFM was quantitative in nature and highly dominant. A test for epistatic interaction showed significance. In the second study, an F2 population from the cross 871213-1 x NC 309-1, a large-fruited tomato line (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), was evaluated to determine if any correlations existed between fruit size and SFM. Two fruit characteristics, locule number and fruit weight, were used as estimates of fruit size. Correlations between SFM and these two characteristics were +0.28 and +0.61, respectively. Broad-sense heritability of SFM was estimated as 0.64.

scholarly journals Comparing Fruit and Tree Characteristics of Two Peaches and Their Nectarine Mutants

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ien-Chi Wen ◽  
K. E. Koch ◽  
W. B. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Tree Characteristics

Two peach-to-nectarine mutants were compared with their peach progenitors to quantify physical and biochemical characters associated with this conversion. Both nectarine mutants showed pleiotropic effects that included smaller, rounder, and more-dense fruit with redder skin and altered sugar and organic acid composition relative to those found in their peach progenitors. In addition, one of the nectarine mutants exhibited a later bloom time, a less pronounced change in fruit size, a shorter fruit development period, and an associated capacity to develop red fall leaf color.

scholarly journals Rootstock Affect Bloom Date and Fruit Maturation of `Redhaven' Peach

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Beckman ◽  
W.R. Okie ◽  
S.C. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Bloom Date

Rootstock influence on bloom date and fruit maturation of `Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was studied over a 3-year period. Rootstock included seedlings (Lovell, Halford, Bailey, and Siberian C) and cuttings (GF677, GF655.2, Damas 1869, and `Redhaven'). Bloom dates of the various combinations differed in all 3 years, with a range of 3.6, 9.1, and 7.3 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Fruit development period differed each year with a range of 3.9, 5.8, and 4.4 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. `Weighted-average harvest date also differed with a range of 3.6,2.9, and 5.6 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. `Redhaven'/Lovell was the latest blooming and maturing combination in all 3 years of the study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document