scholarly journals 373 Response of Dwarf Yaupon Holly to Fertilizer Rate and Duration

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 456E-456
Author(s):  
Thomas Yeager ◽  
Claudia Larsen ◽  
Gisele Martins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria

Multiple branched liners of Ilex vomitoria Ait. `Nana' were greenhouse-grown in 3-L containers with a 2 pine bark: 1 Canadian peat: 1 sand substrate. Plants were fertilized weekly with a solution of 50 N, 10 P, and 30 K (mg·L–1) for either 5, 10, or 15 weeks. Then plants for each of the three fertilizer durations were fertilized weekly with a solution of either 50, 150 or 300 N, 10 P, and 30 K (mg·L– 1) for an additional 15 weeks, at which time root and shoot dry weights were determined. A control group of plants was fertilized weekly with 300 N (mg·L–1) for 30 weeks. Shoot dry weight increased linearly as fertilizer rate or duration of fertilization increased. Root dry weights increased linearly as fertilizer duration increased while root dry weights were not different due to fertilizer rate. These data indicate that duration of fertilization is important in promoting root and shoot growth; however, the largest amount of root and shoot dry weight resulted from the highest N application rate (300 mg·L–1) for the longest duration (30 weeks).

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Supplemental Potassium on Fall Production of Nursery Crops

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 553E-554
Author(s):  
G. Stephen Crnko ◽  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
Allen D. Owings
Keyword(s):  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
N Rates

A study was initiated to determine the effects of fall fertilization, specifically N application rate and additions of supplemental K on the production of woody ornamental shrub species. The influence of two slow-release sources of K (4- and 8-month) in the form of K2SO4, three K application rates (0, 1, 2 lb/yd3), and four incorporated application rates of N (0, 1, 2, and 3 lb/yd3) from Osmocote Plus+ 15-9-11 were evaluated on the growth of `Fisher Pink' Indian azalea, glossy abelia, and `Tuscarora' crape myrtle. Growth of `Fisher Pink' azalea, as determined by shoot height and shoot width, increased as N rate increased from 1 to 3 lb/yd3 when compared to the control. The resulting growth index improved at the 2 and 3 lb/yd3 N rate when compared to the 0 and 1 lb/yd3 N rates. Height and width of glossy abelia at the 1 lb N rate with or without supplemental K applications increased when compared to some glossy abelia at the 3 lb N rate (primarily those with supplemental K). Glossy abelia at the 2 lb/yd3 N rate with 2 lb/yd3 N from 4-month 0-0-46 had significantly greater shoot dry weight when compared to the 3 lb/yd3 N rate with 2 lb/yd3 N from 8-month 0-0-46. The 1 to 3 lb/yd3 N application rate had more of a response on growth index, visual quality, and visual color on `Tuscarora' crape myrtle as compared to the 0 lb/yd3 N rate. In this study, the potential influence of supplemental K applications on plant growth was mostly evident for glossy abelia at the 2 lb/yd3 N rate and was not evident on azalea or crape myrtle.

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Short Interval Flooding Events on Root and Shoot Growth of Four Landscape Shrub Taxa

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Kathryne J. Jernigan ◽  
Amy N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract Research was conducted to screen four landscape shrub taxa for tolerance to repeated flooding events. Plants of Fothergilla × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’ (dwarf witchalder), Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ (winterberry), Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ (summersweet), and Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ (possumhaw) were flooded repeatedly over six weeks for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 6 days with a draining period of 6 days between each flooding event. The experiment was repeated for a total of two runs. With the exception of F. × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa showed good visual quality and no reduction in root growth in either run, and effects on shoot growth were minimal. Size index of Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ was 27% higher in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days than in plants flooded for 6 days in run 1 only. Shoot dry weight of Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ was actually 11% higher in plants flooded 6 days days than in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days in run 2. Size index of Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ increased with increasing flood length, and plants flooded for 6 days had a 9% higher SI than plants flooded for 0 days in run 1. With the exception of Fothergilla × intermedia L. ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa appeared tolerant of and even thrived during flooding and would be appropriate shrub selections for a southeastern United States rain garden.

scholarly journals Dwarf Yaupon Holly Response to Fertilizer Application Rate and Frequency

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria

Ilex vomitoria Ait. `Nana' root and-shoot growth increased as rate of fertilizer applied from a 6N-1P-3K solution increased from 0.5 to 2.5 g N/3-liter container during a 26-week experiment. Percentage of applied N, P, and Kin the plant and growth medium decreased as N applied increased. Dividing the fertilizer among one, two, or four applications per week resulted in similar use of applied N, P, and K. Shoot dry weights for the 0.5 g N/container treatment were less than for the Osmocote (18N-2.6P-10K) treatment (2.5 g N/container), but the percentage of applied N, P, and K in the plant and growth medium (55%, 42%, and 75%, respectively) was greater than for the Osmocote treatment (31%, 15%, and 27%, respectively).

scholarly journals Effects of Short Interval Cyclic Flooding on Growth and Survival of Three Native Shrubs

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Dylewski ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Kenneth M. Tilt ◽  
Charlene LeBleu
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Substrate Level ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Native Shrubs

The effect of short interval cyclic flooding on root and shoot growth of ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly (Ilex glabra), ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire (Itea virginica), and ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw (Viburnum nudum) was studied in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL. Liners (4.4 inches long) of each species were planted into trade 1-gal pots in 1 pine bark:1 peat by volume (PB:P) or fine textured calcined clay (CC). ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly and ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire were planted 18 Apr. 2008; the experiment was repeated with the addition of ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw on 16 June 2008. Plants were flooded to substrate level for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 7 days. Flooding cycles were repeated at least five times with 7 days of draining between each flood cycle. During draining, plants received no irrigation. Non-flooded plants were watered as needed. Flooded plants for all species except ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw showed decreased root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and final growth index when compared with non-flooded plants. Survival was higher in CC than PB:P for both experiments. All plants maintained good visual quality and shoot growth. As a result, overall, these plants seemed tolerant of flooding despite differences in growth.

Reduced root and shoot growth caused by Erysiphe graminis tritici in related wheats grown in nutrient solution culture

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Baenziger ◽  
R. A. Kilpatrick ◽  
J. G. Moseman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture

We determined the effects of infection by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici on root and shoot growth of the susceptible wheat cultivar 'Chancellor,' of the intermediately resistant line C.I. 14122 and of the highly resistant line C.I. 14120. Lines C.I. 14122 and C.I. 14120 are near isogenic lines of 'Chancellor' that carry resistant genes Pm3c and Pm3a respectively, conditioning their resistance to E. graminis tritici. Seedlings were grown in nutrient solution culture, inoculated with cultured of E. graminis tritici, and harvested 21 days after inoculation. The root dry weight of ‘Chancellor' was 54% less than the root dry weight of the highly resistant line C.I. 14120. The root dry weight of the intermediately resistant line C.I. 14122 was 16% less than the root dry weight of the highly resistant line C.I. 14120. The shoot dry weight of ‘Chancellor' was 46% less than that of the highly resistant line C.I. 14120. Tiller number was also significantly reduced by E. graminis tritici.

scholarly journals Improving the Growth of Newly Planted Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 840-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
Daniel R. Cooley ◽  
James R. Schupp
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
N Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Application Rate

Increasing the N application rate (in the form NH4NO3 to newly planted `Marshall McIntosh'/M.9 apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) trees beyond 76 g N per tree per year reduced growth in the first two growing seasons. Peat moss or composted manure mixed into the planting hole of `Royal Gala'/M.26 increased growth in the first growing season after planting. The soil-active fungicides, fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl, increased trunk and shoot growth of `Royal Gala'/M.26 in the first season after planting. Mulching enhanced growth of `Gala'/M.26 only in the third season after planting, a season during which the region experienced a drought. Mulching significantly increased bloom on `Gala'/M.26 2 years after planting. The growth of `Royal Gala'/M.26, `Marshall McIntosh'/M.26, and `Ace Delicious'/M.26 was not affected by planting technique planting by hand in 61-cm augered holes vs. planting with a mechanical tree planter. Chemical names used N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-(methloxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl); aluminum tris (O-ethyl phosphonate) (fosetyl-Al); 1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium ion (paraquat); isopropylamine salt of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate).

scholarly journals Enhanced Root and Shoot Growth of Chrysanthemum Cuttings Propagated with the Fungus Trichoderma harzianum

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. MacKenzie ◽  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
Mark T. Windham
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
White Marble ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, a fungus that controls soilborne pathogens, can enhance growth of several vegetable and floriculture crops. Zero, 5, or 25 g of T. harzianum (isolate T-12) peat–bran amendment was added per kilogram medium in an effort to enhance the rooting of four chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] cultivars, two considered easy to root (`Davis' and `White Marble') and two considered hard to root (`Dark Bronze Charm' and `Golden Bounty'). Adding the T. harzianum amendment at both rates tested increased root and shoot fresh weights during 21 days of rooting, relative to the control. Supplementary treated cuttings were transplanted into nontreated growing medium after 21 days. Midway between transplant to flowering, increases in height, shoot dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight were detected in `Dark Bronze Charm' with T-12, relative to the control; increases in height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and number of nodes were detected in `Golden Bounty' with T-12. By this time, there were no detectable differences in `Davis' or `White Marble'.

scholarly journals Emergence and Shoot Growth of Cosmos and Marigold from Paclobutrazol-treated Seed

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
James A. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether treating seeds of ‘Sensation Mixed’ cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and ‘Bonanza Gold’ marigold (Tagetes patula L.) with paclobutrazol (PB) could suppress seedling growth. Seeds were soaked in solutions of 0, 500 or 1000 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) for 16 hours at 25C (77F) or they were primed [−0.5 MPa (−5 bars) for 7 days at 20C (68F)] in Grade 5 exfoliated vermiculite moistened with 0, 500 or 1000 ppm PB solltuions. Soaked and primed seeds were dried for 1 day at 19C (65F) and 25% relative humidity. These seeds and control (non-treated) seeds were sown into plug cells containing peat-lite. Increasing PB concentration decreased cosmos shoot height at 32 days after planting (DAP), but decreased emergence percentage, responses that were more pronounced with priming than with soaking. A 1 ppm PB growth medium drench [30 ml/cell(0.2 mg PB/cell)] and, to a greater extent a 10 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) shoot spray [2 ml/shoot (0.02 mg PB/shoot)], both applied at 10 DAP, resulted in greater cosmos shoot height suppression at 32 DAP than treatment of seeds with 1000 ppm PB. Soaking marigold seeds in 1000 ppm PB failed to decrease shoot height below those of plants from non-treated seeds at 32 DAP. However, exposure to 1000 ppm PB during priming of marigold seeds resulted in a similar shoot height suppression (13%) as the growth medium drench, and similar shoot dry weight reduction (21%) as the shoot spray. Suppression of shoot growth by this seed treatment was short-term since by five weeks after transplanting into 15 cm (6 in) pots, only marigold plants that had received the growth medium drench or shoot spray were smaller than those of control plants. Treating marigold seeds with 1000 mg ppm PB used about one-fifth the PB used to drench the growth medium.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Substrate-applied Humectant to Mitigate Drought Stress in Young, Container-grown Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Chris Wolverton ◽  
Samantha West
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soilless Substrate ◽  
Absorbing Roots

The efficacy of treating soilless substrate with a commercial humectant was tested as a means of suppressing drought stress in 4-week-old container-grown Zinnia elegans Jacq. ‘Thumbelina’. The humectant was applied as a substrate amendment at concentrations of 0.0, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2% by volume prior to withholding irrigation. An untreated, well-watered control was also included. The substrate of treated plants was allowed to dry until the foliage wilted, at which time the plants were harvested and the following measurements taken: number of days to wilt (DTW), xylem water potential (ψx), shoot growth (shoot dry weight, leaf area) and root growth (length, diameter, surface area, volume, dry weight). For drought-stressed plants grown in humectant-treated substrate at concentrations of 1.6 and 3.2%, DTW increased 25 and 33%, respectively. A linear decrease in ψx was observed as the concentration of humectant increased from 0.0 to 3.2%. Linear trends were also noted for both volumetric moisture content (positive) and evapotranspiration (negative) as the concentration of humectant increased. For non-irrigated, untreated plants, stress inhibited shoot growth more than root growth, resulting in a lower root:shoot ratio. For non-irrigated, humectant-treated plants, the length of fine, water-absorbing roots increased linearly as humectant concentration increased from 0.0 to 3.2%. Using humectant-amended substrates may be a management option for mitigating the symptoms of drought stress during the production of container-grown bedding plants such as Z. elegans.

scholarly journals Seedling Developmental Stage at Transplanting Affects Growth and Flowering of Medallion Flower and Globe Amaranth

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J.R. Kessler ◽  
G.B. Fain ◽  
D.C. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Growth ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Experimental Runs

A study was conducted to determine how seedling development stage at transplanting from plug flats into small pots affected growth and flowering of two commonly grown bedding plants. Seeds of Showstar® medallion flower and ‘Las Vegas Pink’ globe amaranth were sown in 392-cell flats on five dates for each of two experimental runs before transplanting into 8.9 cm (3.5 in) cubic pots. At transplanting of both species, plant height, node count and shoot dry weight increased as days from sowing to transplanting increased and there was no visible cessation in shoot growth due to root restriction. Time to first flower from transplanting decreased linearly with both species in both runs, except with medallion flower in the second run, as time from sowing to transplanting increased. In contrast, time to flower of both species from sowing increased linearly as time from sowing to transplanting increased. However, the magnitude of the increase or decrease in time to flower differed between the two runs indicating that other factors, most likely light intensity and duration, besides node counts were affecting time to flower. Globe amaranth height and growth index and medallion flower growth index at first flower decreased as time from sowing to transplanting increased, whereas medallion flower height was not affected by time from sowing to transplanting.

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