Response of Celosia Argentea (Plumosa) to Spraying With Growth Regulars (ABA and GA3)

The experiment was carried out in lath house, College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk for the agricultural on 15-3-2021. The concentrations of Abscisic acid (ABA) were (0, 10, 20, 40) mg.l-1, Gibberellin (GA3) were (0, 50, 100, 200) mg.l-1. Results showed that Spraying with a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 of ABA and a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 of GA3 gave a significant increase in most of the vegetative and flowering characteristics, as it was superior in plant height, number of plant branches, leaf area, chlorophyll percentage, wet and dry weight. As for the characteristics of flower growth, it was significantly superior in number of flowers, flower diameter, vase life, number of flowering branches, wet and dry weight of flowers.

Flower growth status recognition method based on feature fusion convolutional neural network

The growth state of flowers is affected by many factors such as temperature, humidity, and light. Therefore, the maintenance of flowers often requires more professional knowledge. Ordinary people are often at a loss when face with various flower representations and do not know where the problem is. In response to the above problems, this article proposes the use of deep learning to identify the growth status of flowers to assist people in successfully raising flowers. In this article, we propose that the mainstream convolutional neural network has the limitation of only inputting images. In terms of network input, data of the current growth environment of flowers will also be input to supplement the input data of the network. In view of the lack of information interaction in the network, in terms of network structure, the shallow and deep characteristics of the network are integrated to make the network performance more advantageous. Experiments show that this method can effectively improve the recognition rate of flower growth status, so as to correctly distinguish the current growth status of flowers.

Differential Epigenetic Marks Are Associated with Apospory Expressivity in Diploid Hybrids of Paspalum rufum

Apomixis seems to emerge from the deregulation of preexisting genes involved in sexuality by genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms. The trait is associated with polyploidy, but diploid individuals of Paspalum rufum can form aposporous embryo sacs and develop clonal seeds. Moreover, diploid hybrid families presented a wide apospory expressivity variation. To locate methylation changes associated with apomixis expressivity, we compare relative DNA methylation levels, at CG, CHG, and CHH contexts, between full-sib P. rufum diploid genotypes presenting differential apospory expressivity. The survey was performed using a methylation content-sensitive enzyme ddRAD (MCSeEd) strategy on samples at premeiosis/meiosis and postmeiosis stages. Based on the relative methylation level, principal component analysis and heatmaps, clearly discriminate samples with contrasting apospory expressivity. Differential methylated contigs (DMCs) showed 14% of homology to known transcripts of Paspalum notatum reproductive transcriptome, and almost half of them were also differentially expressed between apomictic and sexual samples. DMCs showed homologies to genes involved in flower growth, development, and apomixis. Moreover, a high proportion of DMCs aligned on genomic regions associated with apomixis in Setaria italica. Several stage-specific differential methylated sequences were identified as associated with apospory expressivity, which could guide future functional gene characterization in relation to apomixis success at diploid and tetraploid levels.

The thermal ecology of flowers

Background Obtaining an optimal flower temperature can be crucial for plant reproduction because temperature mediates flower growth and development, pollen and ovule viability, and influences pollinator visitation. The thermal ecology of flowers is an exciting, yet understudied field of plant biology. Scope This review focuses on several attributes that modify exogenous heat absorption and retention in flowers. We discuss how flower shape, orientation, heliotropic movements, pubescence, coloration, opening–closing movements and endogenous heating contribute to the thermal balance of flowers. Whenever the data are available, we provide quantitative estimates of how these floral attributes contribute to heating of the flower, and ultimately plant fitness. Outlook Future research should establish form–function relationships between floral phenotypes and temperature, determine the fitness effects of the floral microclimate, and identify broad ecological correlates with heat capture mechanisms.

Flower growth position determines with formation of fruit-set on citrus siam plants

The purpose of this study was to find out the position of the emergence of flowers associated with the formation of fruit-set as a potential fruit on the citrus Siam plant. This study used a randomized block design with two factors observed that is flower position on the branch and flowering period. The results of the statistic data tabulation show that. The interaction between the positions of the flowering period on citrus Siam plants is not significantly different. The position of the emergence of the flower determines many fruit-set are formed. Top branch. The position of the top branch shows the percentage of fruit-set is formed more that is 97,95 % and the lowest in rootstock, that is 91,30. This incident was supported by more interest formed when the top branch that’s is 224,95 florets more 53,65 % if it is stretched in the lower stem position 104,27 florets. This is supported by relative water content, chlorophyll, N, P, K and sucrose leaves i.e. 46,78 %, 28,82 %, 1,40 %, 0,74 %, 3,42 % and 3,42 % bigger than the lower stem i.e. 41,36 %, 18,64 %, 1,16 %, 0,19 %, and 2,17 %.

Adenium obesum as a new potted flower: growth management

Adenium obesum, also known as desert rose, has recently become popular in Brazil, due to its exuberance and sculptural shape. However, the production of the species in commercial scale has been facing challenges regarding propagation of hybrids by in vitro cultivation techniques, potting medium composition, irrigation and fertilization management, disease and pest control. Unlike other species sold as potted plants, there are no commercial production protocols established for Adenium, mainly due to the scarcity of technical information about this species. Thus, this technical article aimed to provide information related to the Adenium growth, in view of its commercial scale production. In addition, aspects related to floral morphology, pollination and seed production of the species, as well as, vegetative propagation strategies were discussed.

Study on the flower growth and opening to extend the vase life of the cut lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)

Morphological and physiological changes were investigated during flower growth and opening to extend the vase life of cut lotus flowers. When holding the flowers in distilled water, the edge of petals and the top edge of petals became black, and the stems were bent after 17 hours. Flowers fully opened and senesced after 25 hours. At full opening flower stage, there were decreases in fresh weight, and content of starch, auxin and zeatin, and increases in dry weight, and content of total sugar, anthocyanins and flavonols, ABA and gibberellin. Petal extract showed the presence two absorption peaks at 354 nm ( due to flavonols) and 535 nm (due to anthocyanins). Among the treatments, the combination of wilted flower (5 % fresh weight) and spraying of 2 mg/L NAA and 10 % coconut water (with 0,1 % Tween 20) gave a 2 days (43,22 hours) longer for cut lotus flowers than the control.