scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Partitioning to the Yield Component of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Daymond ◽  
P. Hadley ◽  
R.C.R. Machado ◽  
E. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Biomass partitioning of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was studied in seven clones and five hybrids in a replicated experiment in Bahia, Brazil. Over an 18-month period, a 7-fold difference in dry bean yield was demonstrated between genotypes, ranging from the equivalent of 200 to 1389 kg·ha-1. During the same interval, the increase in trunk cross-sectional area ranged from 11.1 cm2 for clone EEG-29 to 27.6 cm2 for hybrid PA-150 × MA-15. Yield efficiency increment (the ratio of cumulative yield to the increase in trunk circumference), which indicated partitioning between the vegetative and reproductive components, ranged from 0.008 kg·cm-2 for clone CP-82 to 0.08 kg·cm-2 for clone EEG-29. An examination of biomass partitioning within the pod of the seven clones revealed that the beans accounted for between 32.0% (CP-82) and 44.5% (ICS-9) of the pod biomass. The study demonstrated the potential for yield improvement in cacao by selectively breeding for more efficient partitioning to the yield component.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF YOUNG MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 637f-637
Author(s):  
Fenton E. Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Golden Delicious

Tree size, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and anchorage of 6 micropropagated (MP) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were determined in 1991 after 5 years of production, as compared with trees on seedling (sdlg) or M 7a roots. Trees were planted in 1984, with crops harvested from 1987 through 1991. Trees were generally smallest (trunk cross-sectional area) on M 7a and were largest with 4 cultivars (`Delicious', `Jonathan', `Rome', `Spartan') when micropropagated. `Golden Delicious' (GD) was largest on sdlg. Cumulative yield was affected by a scion × rootstock interaction, with few trends in scion or rootstock effects. Mean cumulative yield was 84 kg tree-1, 71 and 58 for M 7a, MP and sdlg, respectively. Yield efficiency was also affected by a scion × rootstock interaction. In 1991, mean yield efficiency was 0.5 kg cm-2 for sdlg and MP trees, but was 1.05 for M 7a. Efficiency on M 7a was superior to other rootstocks with all scions except `GD', while sdlg and MP trees were statistically similar with all scions. All trees leaned in response to prevailing westerly winds, with trees on sdlg tending to be more upright than MP or M 7a trees.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AND STABILITY ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS OF NINE APPLE ROOTSTOCKS IN THEIR INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND YIELD

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173f-1173
Author(s):  
William C. Olien ◽  
David C. Ferree ◽  
Bert L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
High Stability ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
A Site

Nine apple rootstocks grafted with `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' were evaluated in 19 states over 9 to 10 years by the NC 140 Regional Project as a randomized complete block with 10 replications in each site. Effects on trunk cross-sectional area (TA), cumulative yield per tree (Yc), and cumulative yield efficiency (YEc=Yc/TA) were evaluated. Rootstock differences in mean potential (mean performance at the mean site) and environmental stability (slope across sites) were compared by analysis of rootstock performance within a site linearly regressed on mean performance of all rootstock in that site. MAC 24 had the highest mean potential of Yc and TA with lowest stability, giving this rootstock the highest Yc and TA in best sites, and lowest in poor sites. M.27 EMLA was the opposite, having low potential and high stability in Yc and TA. In YEc, M.27 EMLA and MAC9 had high potential and low stability, while OAR1, M.7 EMLA, and especially MAC 24 were the opposite. YEc of Ott.3 and M.26 were average in both respects. M.9 had high potential YEc with average stability. M.9 EMLA was unique in having both high potential and high stability of YEc.

Cumulative Yield, Tree Growth, and Yield Efficiency of 18 Asian Pear Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 463f-464
Author(s):  
Fenton E Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Research Unit ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
High Yields

Eighteen Asian pear cultivars on Pyrus betulaefolia rootstocks were planted in 1990 at Washington State University's Royal Slope Research Unit in central Washington State. Annual trunk diameters have been measured since planting, and annual harvest records have been kept since 1995. The six cultivars with the largest trees, ranked in decreasing order of trunk cross-sectional area, were `Daisui Li' (144 cm2), `Ishiiwase', `Huhoot Li', `Shin Li', `Shinsui', and `Yoinashi' (123 cm2). The six cultivars with the smallest trees were `Twentieth Century' (91 cm2), `Chojuro', `Shinseiki', `Shinko', `Yakumo', and `Tarusa Crimson' (38 cm2). `Tarusa Crimson' was significantly smaller than all other cultivars. The six highest-yielding cultivars, ranked in decreasing order of cumulative yield, were `Daisui Li' (183 kg/tree), `Shinseiki', `Shin Li', `Shinko', `Chojuro,' and `Olympic' (107 kg/tree). `Daisui Li' had significantly higher cumulative yield than all other cultivars. The six lowest-yielding cultivars were `Yoinashi' (71 kg/tree), `Huhoot Li', `Tarusa Crimson', `Yakumo', `Shinsui', and `Nangon Li' (19 kg/tree). The six highest-ranking cultivars for cumulative yield efficiency were `Shinseiki' (1.6 kg·cm–2), `Shinko', `Chojuro', `Daisui Li', `Tarusa Crimson', and `Olympic' (1.2 kg·cm–2). The six least-efficient cultivars were `Ishiiwase' (0.7 kg·cm–2), `Yakumo', `Yoinashi', `Huhoot Li', `Shinsui', and `Nangon Li' (0.2 kg·cm–2). `Daisui Li' and `Tarusa Crimson' had similar, relatively high, cumulative yield efficiencies, but for different reasons. `Daisui Li' produced high yields on large trees while `Tarusa Crimson' produced low yields on small trees. In contrast, the relatively high efficiencies of `Shinseiki', `Shinko' and `Chojuro' resulted from high yields produced on small trees.

scholarly journals Humic Acid and Biofertilizer Applications Enhanced Pod and Cocoa Bean Production during the Dry Season at Kaliwining Plantation, Jember, East Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Fadil Rohman ◽  
Ade Wachjar ◽  
Edi Santosa ◽  
Soetanto Abdoellah
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Mature Tree ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Pod Growth ◽  
Bean Weight

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop in Indonesia, but many farmers still face problem in improving bean production. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of humic acid and biofertilizer applications on pod growth and yield of cocoa. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Plantation managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute at Jember District, East Java, Indonesia from June 2017 to February 2018. The experiment used mature tree of Sulawesi from one clone. Treatment used were humic acid at level of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm in combination with biofertilizer at level of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm that were applied through soil and foliar respectively. Results of this experiment showed that there was an interaction between humic acid and biofertilizer on beans number per plant and photosynthesis rate. Plants treated with 1000 ppm humic acid produced the highest number of small cherelle. Biofertilizer applied at 1500 ppm increased cherelle number, healthy cherelle, number of young pods, number of harvested pods, bean weight per plant and bean yield. The combination of 1000 ppm humic acid and 1500 ppm biofertilizer increased bean production by 39.7%. The high bean production was in line with the high photosynthetic rate. Thus, humic acid and biofertilizer applications could be a way to increase cocoa bean production in this area.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of sweet cherry trees on different roostocks

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hrotkó ◽  
L. Magyar ◽  
G. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Similar Tendency

The first nine years' results of sweet cherry rootstock trial from Hungary are presented with the aim to select efficient rootstocks for the local ecological conditions. The trials were established in 1989 with 'Van' and 'Germersdorfi óriás' cultivars on the following rootstocks: mahaleb Sainte Lucie 64, Colt, MxM 14, MxM 97. All the trees were headed at 80 cm and trained to a modified Brunner-spindle system. Tree size and yield was measured every year, and the cumulative yield efficiency was calculated. Based upon the results, mahaleb cherry SL 64 is a vigorous rootstock with good compatibility and productivity. In comparison to SL 64. the trunk cross-sectional area and canopy spread of the 'Van' trees decreased by 10-15% on rootstock Colt, while the trees of 'Germersdorfi orias' on Colt roostock grew even larger than on SL 64. Considerable 30-40 % reduction of tree size was achieved on trees grafted on M x M hybrids. Trees of `Germersdorfi óriás' showed a similar tendency without significant differences. The cumulative yield efficiency of `Van' trees after nine years was highest on rootstock MxM 14, followed by Sainte Lucie 64. Trees on Colt and MxM 97 rootstocks showed low productivity. `Germersdorfi óriás' produced the highest cumulative yield efficiency on SL 64, followed by MxM 14 and Colt and last MxM 97. Biennial bearing index of heavy cropping 'Van' trees was smaller than that of `Germersdorfi óriás'. The trees of 'Van' on MxM 97 showed higher biennial bearing index, while 'Germersdorfi orias' on different rootstocks showed similar tendency, but without significant differences. MxM 14 and MxM 97 rootstocks reduced the crotch angle of the shoots on both sweet cherry varieties which is disadvantegous to spindle training. Slight suckering (1-3/year) of the rootstocks Colt, MxM 14 and MxM 97 were observed during the first few years.

scholarly journals Relationships among Bean Yield Traits in Some Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenuga Olalekan Omotayo ◽  
Adepoju Abigail Funlayo ◽  
Olaniyi Olayinka Olufemi ◽  
Balogun Shamsudeen Tomiwa
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals Tree and Fruit Growth of `Napoleon' Cherry in Response to Rootstock and Planting Method

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita N. Miller ◽  
Porter B. Lombard ◽  
Melvin N. Westwood ◽  
Robert L. Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Planting Method

`Napoleon' grafted onto Colt, F/12-1, and MxM60 rootstock were planted into three types of tree holes: augered; backhoed, and backhoed plus fumigation. The auger treatment resulted in lower yields, smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TSCA), and smaller canopy volume when compared to backhoed holes. Fumigation had no significant effect. Trees on Colt rootstock were more precocious, had a smaller TCSA and canopy volume, greater cumulative yield efficiency, and, in 1987, the smallest fruit weight. The yield efficiency of Colt was the highest until 1988, when it was surpassed by MxM60, but was still similar to F/12-l. Yields were highest on trees of MxM60 in 1987 and 1988.

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic and fruit quality traits of fig tree varieties (Ficus carica L.) grown in Mediterranean conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pereira ◽  
Manuel J. Serradilla ◽  
Fernando Pérez-Gragera ◽  
Alberto Martín ◽  
María C. Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Maturation Index

In this work, the agronomic behaviour and fruit quality of ten varieties of common fig were evaluated for the establishment of new commercial orchards destined for fresh consumption. The following traits were measured: annual yield, cumulative yield, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and yield efficiency of each variety, as well as weight, width, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and maturation index (MI) of brebas and figs. The results show that Banane’ and ‘Brown Turkey’ were the earliest to enter into production, and ‘Banane’ showed the highest annual yield in the 7th green (2014), with 76 kg/tree, followed by ‘Brown Turkey’ (57.6 kg/tree), ‘Cuello Dama Blanco’ (52 kg/tree) and ‘Colar Elche’ (39 kg/tree). On the other hand, 'Cuello Dama Blanco' and 'De Rey' exhibited the better organoleptic traits, with TSS and MI values ranged from 18.7 ºBrix and 203.3 MI (‘Cuello Dama Blanco’) to 20.4 ºBrix and 187.1 MI (‘De Rey’) for brebas and from 21.4 ºBrix and 278.7 (‘Cuello Dama Blanco’) to 23.3 ºBrix and 255.6 (‘De Rey’) for figs. This study will allow the fruit grower to select the most interesting and appropriate range of varieties based on market needs taking into account the ripening season (early, middle or late) and fruit colour (green, purple or black).

scholarly journals  Early performance of cv. Jonagold apple on M.9 in five tree training systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ozkan ◽  
K. Yıldız ◽  
E. Küçüker ◽  
Ç. Çekiç ◽  
M. Özgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
Early Performance

The effects of five training systems on tree growth, fruit yield and some fruit characteristics were assessed in Jonagold apple cv. grafted on M.9 rootstock. The trees were trained in one of five ways: slender spindle (SS; 4,761 trees/ha), vertical axis (VA; 2,857 trees/ha), hytec (HT; 1,904 tree/ha) and two different tree densities of super spindle (L-Super S with 5,000 trees/ha; H-Super S with 10,000 trees/ha). Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) was higher in HT and VA than SS, L-Super S and H-Super S in the 4<sup>th</sup> year. While HT had the highest cumulative yield/tree, the lowest cumulative yield was observed in H-Super S. Although HT had the highest yield/ tree, it ranked the last in cumulative yield efficiency (CYE) due to high TCA. The highest (CYE) was measured in trees trained as L-Super S. When cumulative yields (CY)/ha were evaluated, the yield advantage of high density planting was clearly evident for the first three cropping years. H-Super S systems (10,000 trees/ha) had the highest CY/ha and achieved a yield of 91.24 t/ha in year 4. HT (1,904 trees/ha) had the lowest CY/ha (33.46 t). Training systems had no consistent effect on average fruit diameter, weight, firmness, soluble solid and titratable acidity. &nbsp;

scholarly journals 597 Rootstock and Scion Interact to Affect Apple Tree Performance: Results from a 10-year Trial by the NC-140 Technical Committee

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 499F-500
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Autio
Keyword(s):  
Technical Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Performance Results

In 1990, trials were established at 13 sites including `Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', `Empire', and `Rome' apple cultivars in all combinations on M.9 EMLA, B.9, Mark, O.3, and M.26 EMLA rootstocks. After 10 growing seasons, rootstock and cultivar interacted significantly to affect trunk cross-sectional area and yield efficiency but not yield per tree or survival. Generally, trunk cross-sectional area was greatest for M.26 EMLA, followed by O.3, M.9 EMLA, B.9, and Mark. However, differences between B.9 and Mark and between M.9 EMLA and O.3 varied with cultivar. B.9 was 34% to 46% larger than Mark with `Golden Delicious' and `Empire,' but they were similar for `Jonagold' and `Rome.' O.3 was 27% larger than M.9 EMLA with `Golden Delicious' and `Empire,' they were similar for `Rome', and O.3 was 12% smaller than M.9 EMLA with `Jonagold'. M.26 EMLA resulted in the greatest cumulative yield per tree, followed by O.3, M.9 EMLA, B.9, and Mark. Generally, cumulative yield efficiency (1992–99) was greatest B.9 and Mark and least for M.26 EMLA. M.9 EMLA and O.3 were similar and intermediately efficient. However, differences between B.9 and Mark and between M.9 EMLA and O.3 varied with cultivar. M.9 EMLA and O.3 were similarly efficient with `Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', and `Rome,' but M.9 EMLA was 11% more efficient than O.3 with `Empire'. B.9 and Mark were similarly efficient with `Golden Delicious' and `Jonagold', but Mark was 15% more efficient and 25% less efficient than B.9 trees with `Empire' and `Rome', respectively. Site played an important role, but survival was best for B.9 and poorest for O.3. Cooperators included: J.L. Anderson, W. Autio, J. Barden, G. Brown, R. Crassweller, P. Domoto, A. Erb, D. Ferree, A. Gaus, R. Hayden, P. Hirst, F. Morrison, C. Mullins, J. Schupp, and L. Tukey.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document