scholarly journals FUNGICIDAL PROPERTIES OF GARLIC EXTRACT IN Sphagnum PEAT- AND SAND-BASED SUBSTRATES

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 880a-880
Author(s):  
Ramsey Sealy ◽  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Craig Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Cornmeal Agar

Growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium irregulare, Phytophthora nicoctianae, Phytophthora cinnomomi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Thielaviopsis basicoli was inhibited in vitro when grown in a clarified V-8 nutrient solution containing 10% garlic extract. After exposure to 10% garlic extract for 3 days, all fungi and fungal-like organisms failed to grow after being washed and transferred to fresh cornmeal agar nutrient medium without garlic extract. When Sphagnum peat was inoculated with P. aphanidermatum and drenched with solutions containing varying concentrations of garlic extract, a single drench of 35% garlic extract or two drenches of 15% garlic extract were required to rid the substrate of viable P. aphanidermatum. In sand, a single application of 25% garlic extract or two applications of 10% garlic extract were required to rid the sand of viable P. aphanidermatum Thus, Sphagnum peat appeared to partially inactivate the components in garlic and did so to a greater extent than sand. Therefore, efficacy of garlic extract as a soil drench fungicide will be affected by the type of substrate or soil to which the garlic extract is applied.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Garlic Extract and Root Substrate on Soilborne Fungal Pathogens

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramsey Sealy ◽  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Craig Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Visual Sign

Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora cinnomomi, Phytophthora nicotianae, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Thielaviopsis basicoli grew and eventually covered petri plates containing a nutrient solution alone, but they failed to grow in nutrient solutions containing 10% or higher levels of garlic extract or a fungicide control. When plugs containing the fungal organisms exposed to 10% garlic (Allium sativum) extract solution for 48 h were washed and transferred to fresh cornmeal agar (CMA) growth medium, only F. oxysporum displayed growth. However, growth of F. oxysporum was limited to no greater than 2 mm from the original inoculum plug. After a single application of a solution containing at least 35% garlic extract or two applications containing 25%, viable P. aphanidermatum could not be recovered from a peat-based root substrate. By contrast, after a single application of a solution containing 25% garlic extract or two applications of 10%, we were unable to recover viable P. aphanidermatum from a sand substrate. When peat treated with increasing concentrations of garlic extract was placed on CMA inoculated with P. aphanidermatum, the first visual sign of a zone of inhibition occurred for peat saturated with 30% garlic extract solution and the zone increased as the garlic extract concentration increased. By contrast, when sand treated with increasing concentrations of garlic extract was placed on CMA inoculated with P. aphanidermatum, the first visual sign of a zone of inhibition occurred when saturated with 10% garlic extract solution. Therefore, the garlic extract was found to be fungicidal against a broad range of soilborne fungal organisms, but the concentration required to kill the organisms varied depending on root substrate.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal potential of plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaraju Cherkupally ◽  
Srinivasa Reddy Kota ◽  
Hindumathi Amballa ◽  
Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of nine plants viz, Azadirachta indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globules, Calotropis procera, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium were assessed in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the soil borne phytopathogens. The assessment of fungitoxic effect was carried out by using three different concentrations i.e., 5, 10 and 20% against the test fungi, in terms of percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The extract of A. sativum completely inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina at all the concentrations. The extracts of D. stramonium and E. globulus inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani of 72%, and 70.7% respectively at 20% concentration, that of A. sativum, E. globulus and D. stramonium exhibited inhibition percentage of 63.3%, 61.8% and 61.1% respectively at 20% concentration on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. The application of plant extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly.

Parasitism of oospores of Pythium spp. by strains of Actinoplanes spp.

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Khan ◽  
A. B. Filonow ◽  
L. L. Singleton ◽  
M. E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Pythium Arrhenomanes ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Strains of Actinoplanes spp. were evaluated for their in vitro parasitism of oospores of Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium irregulare, Pythium myriotylum, and Pythium ultimum. Oospores of Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium irregulare, and Pythium myriotylum were identified for the first time as hosts of Actinoplanes spp. Newly recorded parasites of oospores of Pythium spp. were Actinoplanes azureus, Actinoplanes brasiliensis, Actinoplanes caeruleus, Actinoplanes ferrugineus, Actinoplanes ianthinogenes, Actinoplanes italicus, Actinoplanes minutisporangius, Actinoplanes rectilineatus, Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, Actinoplanes utahensis, Actinoplanes violaceous, Actinoplanes yunnahenis, plus 15 strains of Actinoplanes yet to be speciated. Parasitized oospores had disorganized cytoplasms and hyphae of Actinoplanes sp. emerging from them. Infection of oospores in vitro varied from 0 to > 90%. Strains also were very active parasites of oospores in sterile soils. When added to nonsterile soils, several strains increased (p = 0.05) the level of oospore parasitism compared with nonsupplemented soils. Strains of Actinoplanes spp. exhibited a host specificity for species of Pythium in vitro and in soil. Sporulation of Actinoplanes sp. from infected oospores incubated on soil was frequent and more abundant than that observed in vitro.Key words: Pythium spp., Actinoplanes spp., actinomycetes, biological control, host–parasite specificity.

scholarly journals Utilisation d'une souche indigène de Trichoderma harzianum contre cinq agents pathogènes chez le concombre et la tomate de serre au Québec

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Caron ◽  
L. Laverdière ◽  
P.O. Thibodeau ◽  
R.R. Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pythium Ultimum

Le potentiel antagoniste du biofongicide à base de Trichoderma harzianum MAUL-20, isolé au Québec, a été testé contre cinq agents telluriques phytopathogènes(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum et Verticillium dahliae) du concombre et de la tomate de serre. Le biofongicide a démontré une efficacité contre P. ultimum et R. solani chez le concombre et la tomate et contre FORL chez la tomate. De plus, T. harzianum MAUL-20 a eu un effet stimulant sur le développement des plants de concombre lorsque cultivés, sans agents pathogènes, dans un substrat organique alimenté du biofongicide. L'efficacité de T. harzianum MAUL-20 a été comparée à celle du biofongicide américain Rootshield™ (Trichoderma harzianum KRL-AG2) et le premier a démontré une activité antagoniste égale ou supérieure à celle de Rootshield™.

Root-rot resistance in common bean

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tu ◽  
S. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Growth Room

A bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) line, A - 300, resistant to Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum was introduced into Ontario from Colombia. The results of tests conducted in a root-rot nursery, in a greenhouse and in a growth room showed that this bean line is resistant to Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli and Pythium ultimum. Key words: Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, root rot resistance

scholarly journals Fungistasis del aceite esencial extraído de una población de Tagetes lucida de Hidalgo, México

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-341
Author(s):  
Edgar López López ◽  
Margarita Gisela Peña Ortega ◽  
María Teresa Beryl Colinas León ◽  
Francisco Díaz Cedillo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Serrato Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Penicillium Janthinellum

La especie T. lucida conocida como ‘pericón’, es un recurso natural de México cuyo aceite esencial tiene propiedades antifúngicas, aunque no en todos los hongos fitopatógenos se ha explorado el efecto que puede ocasionar esta sustancia vegetal. De una población recolectada en Atotonilco el Grande, Hidalgo, México se obtuvo aceite esencial por hidrodestilación con rendimiento de 0.2%; mediante la técnica CG-EM se identificaron ocho componentes diferentes en el aceite, pero los abundantes fueron: estragol (48%) y anetol (35%). También se evaluó la actividad antimicótica in vitro del aceite esencial contra Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium janthinellum y Rhizoctonia solani mediante la técnica de difusión en agar, realizando dos experimentos: el primero ensayando concentraciones de 0, 0.1 y 1% y en el segundo 0, 2 y 3%. La concentración de 1% redujo el crecimiento micelial 46% para F. oxysporum, 39% en R. solani, 21% en A. niger y 16% en P. janthinellum; sin embargo, en concentraciones altas de aceite, como 3%, solo en R. solani se observó la mayor la reducción del crecimiento micelial (72%).

scholarly journals Improvement of the copy-book of nutrient medium for input of meristems of grapes in the culture of in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Anton Rebrov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Regenerative Ability

Results of researches on development of substrate for input of meristems of grapes are provided to the culture of in vitro for the purpose of increase in their regenerative ability at improvement from chronic diseases. In the advanced environment in comparison with analogs the general content of macrosalts was reduced and their ratio taking into account consumption and features of their absorption from nutrient solution is optimized by grape plant. During tests of new substrate its efficiency for grapes grades from various environmental-geographical groups was established. Higher and stable percent of survival and regeneration of extremely small meristems, against the background of various modifications of copy-book of traditionally applied substrate of Murasige and Skuga is established.

scholarly journals Antagonismo de Trichoderma harzianum contra la fusariosis del garbanzo y su efecto biofertilizante

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147
Author(s):  
Talina Olivia Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Brenda Zulema Guerrero-Aguilar ◽  
Víctor Pecina-Quintero ◽  
Enrique González-Pérez ◽  
Juan Gabriel Angeles-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina

El garbanzo es una leguminosa, que se cultiva en dos regiones de México principalmente, noroeste (Sonora, Sinaloa y Baja california) y la región de El Bajío (Guanajuato, Michoacán y Jalisco); sin embargo, cada año la producción del cultivo está comprometida con la fusariosis vascular, una de las principales enfermedades que afectan al cultivo y que está asociada al complejo fúngico Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina y Sclerotium rolfsii. Una alternativa de control biológico es la aplicación de Trichoderma, la que además tiene un efecto indirecto en la nutrición de la planta. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el antagonismo in vitro de dos cepas de Trichoderma harzianum (T1 y T2) y su efecto como biofertilizante. Se realizaron confrontaciones in vitro contra cepas de las razas de Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc 0, 1B/C, 5 y 6), Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina (MSonora y M-GTO) y Sclerotium rolfsii. Se evaluó el efecto de T2 como biofertilizante (TB) midiendo las variables: número de flores, vainas, altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, longitud de la raíz y rendimiento de grano. Las dos cepas de T. harzianum mostraron antagonismo en diferente escala contra los patógenos. Adicionalmente, con el tratamiento donde se aplicó T. harzianum (TB) se presentaron incrementos en el número de flores (30%), vainas (24%), altura (3%), diámetro de las plantas (3.5%), así como la longitud de la raíz (13%) y rendimiento del grano (23%).

scholarly journals Evaluación in vitro de principios activos de origen botánico para el control de hongos fitopatógenos

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. e1245
Author(s):  
Ernesto Cerna-Chávez ◽  
Gibran Alejandro-Rojas ◽  
Yisa María Ochoa-Fuentes ◽  
Luis Aguirre-Uribe ◽  
Jerónimo Landeros-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Para Determinar

Antecedentes: Los productos naturales presentan un alto potencial para remplazar a los fungicidas sintéticos, sin embargo, estos compuestos varían dependiendo de la etapa de desarrollo de la planta y condiciones climáticas de colecta, así como de la mezcla de compuestos presentes en el material vegetal. La separación de estos principios activos y la evaluación de su eficacia sobre diversos hongos fitopatógenos, podrían incrementar su uso bajo un esquema biorracional y de acuerdo con los principios de la química verde.Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro el efecto de los principios activos botánicos (PAB) de 1-8 cineol (Eucaliptol), β-citronelol, D-limoneno y alil isotiocianato, sobre el crecimiento micelial de los hongos Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum y Rhizoctonia solani. Métodos: Se determinó la concentración inhibitoria (CI50) de los PAB para cada especie de fitopatógeno, mediante bioensayos en medio de cultivo PDA envenenado. Se prepararon placas de cultivo con ocho concentraciones más un testigo por cada compuesto, que fluctuaron entre 20-160 ppm para β-citronelol, 500 a 4000 ppm para alil isotiocianato y entre 1000 a 4500 ppm para eucaliptol y D-limoneno, con intervalos de 20 y 500 ppm, respectivamente. Se tomaron lecturas diarias del crecimiento micelial hasta el cubrimiento de la caja de Petri (Ø 9 cm). A los resultados se les aplicó un análisis Probit por el método de máxima verosimilitud para determinar la CI50 y sus límites fiduciales.Resultados y conclusión: β-citronelol presentó las CI50, más bajas, seguido de alil isotocianato, D-limoneno y eucaliptol. Las CI50 de β-citronelol fueron de 5.44, 6.25 y 6.89 ppm para F. oxysporum, R. solani y A. solani respectivamente. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se recomienda el uso de estos PAB’s para el control de los fitopatógenos estudiados.

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