scholarly journals ‘Bhut Jolokia’—The World's Hottest Known Chile Pepper is a Putative Naturally Occurring Interspecific Hybrid

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Bosland ◽  
Jit B. Baral
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Bhut Jolokia

In replicated trials at Las Cruces, N.M., the Scoville heat units (SHUs) of ‘Bhut Jolokia’, a chile pepper from Assam, India, reached one million SHUs. Morphologic characters revealed that ‘Bhut Jolokia’ is a Capsicum chinense Jacq. cultivar. Molecular analysis with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers confirmed the species identification and, interestingly, revealed that there may have been genetic introgression from Capsicum frutescens L. into ‘Bhut Jolokia’.

RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS FOR A CARICA INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID

1998 ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Magdalita ◽  
R. A. Drew ◽  
Ian D. Godwin ◽  
S. W. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna

scholarly journals Identification of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Chile Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack E. McCoy ◽  
Paul W. Bosland
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Chile Peppers ◽  
Capsicum Chacoense

Powdery mildew [Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arn] is a fungus causing epidemics on chile peppers (Capsicum sp.) worldwide. It was first observed in New Mexico in the late 1990s and has been a reoccurring issue. During the 2017 growing season, environmental conditions were highly favorable for powdery mildew development and severe infection was observed. This provided a unique opportunity to identify novel sources of resistance in Capsicum to powdery mildew. In the present study, the incidence and severity of powdery mildew was evaluated for 152 chile pepper accessions comprising different cultivars and species. Major differences in disease severity and incidence were observed among the accessions. Of the 152 accessions, 53 were resistant, i.e., received a disease index (DI) score of ≤1. When examining across Capsicum species, 16 Capsicum annuum accessions, all 8 Capsicum baccatum, all 21 Capsicum chinense, 5 of 6 Capsicum frutescens, the Capsicum chacoense accession, and the Capsicum rhomboideum accession were resistant. These results provide several accessions with resistance that can be used in breeding programs. Especially important are the C. annuum resistant accessions, as this resistance can be more quickly incorporated into commercially important C. annuum cultivars as compared with interspecific hybridizations.

scholarly journals Capsaicinoids in the Hottest Pepper Bhut Jolokia and its Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunbao Liu ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
The World ◽  
Hot Peppers ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Quantity Of Heat ◽  
Bhut Jolokia ◽  
Cox 1

Hot peppers are known for medicinally important capsaicinoids. Bhut Jolokia, Capsicum chinense/Capsicum frutescens, is the hottest pepper in the world. However, its bioactivity and quantity of heat principles are not reported. We have now quantified capsaicin (C) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) in Bhut Jolokia and compared it with commonly consumed hot peppers, Jalapeno (Capsicum annuum) and Scotch Bonnet (Capsicum chinense). The concentration of C and DHC in Bhut Jolokia was 5.36%, which is about 338 and 18 times greater than in Scotch Bonnet and Jalapeno, respectively. We have also isolated capsaicin (C) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) in pure form and determined lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) enzymes inhibitory concentrations. This is the first report of the quantification of C and DHC in Bhut Jolokia, comparison of capsaicinoids content in Bhut Jolokia with Jalapeno and Scotch Bonnet hot peppers and the COX and LPO inhibitory activities of C and DHC.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation among and within United States Collard Cultivars and Landraces as Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Intrapopulation Variation ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Systematic Collection

A collection of collard (Brassica oleracea L., Acephala group) germplasm, including 13 cultivars or breeding lines and 5 landraces, was evaluated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and compared to representatives of kale (Acephala group), cabbage (Capitata group), broccoli (Italica group), Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera group), and cauliflower (Botrytis group). Objectives were to assess genetic variation and relationships among collard and other crop entries, evaluate intrapopulation variation of open-pollinated (OP) collard lines, and determine the potential of collard landraces to provide new B. oleracea genes. Two hundred nine RAPD bands were scored from 18 oligonucleotide decamer primers when collard and other B. oleracea entries were compared. Of these, 147 (70%) were polymorphic and 29 were specific to collard. Similarity indices between collard entries were computed from RAPD data and these ranged from 0.75 to 0.99 with an average of 0.83. Collard entries were most closely related to cabbage (similarity index = 0.83) and Brussels sprouts entries (index = 0.80). Analysis of individuals of an OP cultivar and landrace indicated that intrapopulation genetic variance accounts for as much variation as that observed between populations. RAPD analysis identified collard landraces as unique genotypes and showed them to be sources of unique DNA markers. The systematic collection of collard landraces should enhance diversity of the B. oleracea germplasm pool and provide genes for future crop improvement.

scholarly journals Eficiencia de uso de nutrientes en ají tabasco (Capsicum frutescens L.) y habanero (Capsicum chínense Jacq)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Del Pilar Romero-Lozada ◽  
Cristian Felipe Enciso Murillo ◽  
Sandra Marcela Sandra Marcela Garcia ◽  
Juan José Wagner Guerrero ◽  
Yina Jazbleidi Puentes-Páramo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Capsicum Chinense

<p>El manejo adecuado de la nutrición de un cultivo implica hacer un uso eficiente de los nutrientes. Por tanto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la eficiencia agronómica (EA) y de recuperación del fertilizante (ERF) para nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio en ají habanero y ají tabasco y su influencia en el rendimiento. El diseño experimental consistió en bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones.  Los tratamientos fueron T1: Testigo, T2: fertilización según el programa que maneja el Centro Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CEUNP) para N-P-K, T3: programa de fertilización de CEUNP + 50% y el T4: programa de fertilización de CEUNP + 100%. Para ají tabasco (<em>C. frutescens </em>L<em>.</em>) y habanero (<em>C. chinense </em>J.) el análisis de varianza dio diferencias altamente significativas (p&lt;0,001) por efecto de los tratamientos tanto para la eficiencia agronómica (EA) como de recuperación del fertilizante (ERF). Los resultados muestran que los mayores valores de EA y ERF para N-P-K en tabasco  se presentaron en el tratamiento T4, y en habanero se presentaron en el tratamiento T3, excepto para la ERF de fósforo.  Así, estos permiten observar que ají tabasco presenta bajas eficiencias agronómicas y de recuperación de nutrientes con respecto al tipo habanero. Los mejores rendimientos de tabasco y habanero se presentan en el T4 y los menores en el T1, lo que sugiere una clara influencia del genotipo.</p>

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