Effectiveness of capsaicin nanoparticle gel of Capsicum frutescens L. on oral squamous cell carcinoma in Rattus norvegicus

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an oral cancer with a low life expectancy, less than five years after diagnosis. The drug therapy often used for OSCC patients is cisplatin, but it is considered to cause tumour persistence, drug resistance, and high toxicity. Therefore, it is important to test the development of alternative drugs from natural ingredients. One potential ingredient is green chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). It contains capsaicin that functions as an anticancer agent by suppressing BCa tumorigenesis so that proliferation is inhibited, as well as increasing and preventing p53 antibody mutations that play a role in cancer cell apoptosis. Purpose: This study aimed to compare effectiveness using capsaicin nanoparticle gel from green chilli pepper extract levels of 1% and 3.3% to reduce OSCC nodules. Methods: This study used 20 Rattus norvegicus that were randomly divided into five groups; C- (rat without treatment), C+ (rat induced to 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)), E1 (DMBA exposed and given cisplatin, E2 (rat induced to DMBA and capsaicin extract nanoparticle gel with a concentration of 1%), and E3 (rat induced to DMBA and capsaicin extract nanoparticle gel with a concentration of 3.3%). The data were analysed statistically with the one-way ANOVA and least significance difference (LSD) test. Results: The comparison of mean nodule volume between C+ (5.834 ± 2.77 mm3) with E1 (1.75 ± 0.37 mm3), E2 (1.747 ± 0.36 mm3), and E3 (1.812 ± 0.11 mm3) had a significant difference (p = 0.00, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Capsaicin nanoparticle gel with green chilli pepper extract at levels of 1% (E2) reduces OSCC nodules by more than gel with green chilli pepper extract at 3.3% (E3) concentration.

Proses Implementasi Program Sekolah Lapangan Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)

<em>Chili field school is one of the efforts to increase human resources and increase the productivity of chili crops through the development of human resources. The field school is a learning medium that can shape the behavior of local chili farmers. The purpose of this study is to explain the implementation of the field school program which is seen from the behavior of farmers (knowledge, attitudes, skills). The research method uses explanatory methods. Determining the location of the study with the purposive method. Determination of informants using purposive sampling. Data collection is done by interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis using interactive models Miles and Huberman. Test the validity of the data using source triangulation. The results showed that all farmers experienced behavioral changes related to the study of polybag breeding, seed selection, spacing and control of chili plant organisms. In the study of tillage and liquid organic fertilizer, behavior changes occur in the majority of farmers, while only a minority of farmers experience behavioral changes related to the study of vegetable pesticides.</em>

Review on Capsicum frutescens, A Tribal herbal food used as Medicine

Nature always stands as a golden mark to exemplify the outstanding phenomena of symbiosis. Natural products from plant, animal and minerals have been the basis of the treatment of human disease. About 500 plants with medicinal use are mentioned in ancient literature and around 800 plants have been used in indigenous systems of medicine. India is a vast repository of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medical treatments. Capsicum frutescens. belonging to the family of Solanaceae is an extremely valuable medicinal herb, distributed throughout India. in traditional medicine, due to presence of phytochemicals it has been used for the treatment of cough, toothache, sore throat, parasitic infections, rheumatism, wound healing etc. Other effects such as antibacterial and anticancer are also their properties. In this article, its phytochemical screening, pharmacognostic studies, pharmacological activity screening will be reviewed out.

Trocas gasosas foliares e componentes de produção de pimentas malagueta (Capsicum frutescens) submetidas a diferentes tensões de água no solo, na região sul da Bahia / Leaf gas exchange and productions components of chilli peppers (Capsicum frutescens) subjected to different soil water tensions in the south of Bahia

As hortaliças são culturas bastante susceptíveis às deficiências hídricas, principalmente às grandes variações do nível de água no solo, resultando num crescimento reduzido e desuniforme dos frutos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as trocas gasosas foliares e os componentes de produção de pimentas malagueta em função de diferentes tensões de água no solo. O experimento foi conduzido no campo de horticultura da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – UESC em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos em quatro blocos, sendo a unidade experimental composta por cinco plantas por parcela em espaçamento 1,0 x 0,6 m, num total de 80 plantas. Foram aplicados os tratamentos, quando os potenciais matriciais atingiam os valores de 5, 10, 20 e 25 kPa, para os tratamentos T1, T2, T3 e T4, respectivamente, para o tensiômetro instalados a 0,15 m de profundidade. Para a determinação das trocas gasosas foliares foi utilizado o analisador de gases por infravermelho onde foram medidos a taxa fotossintética líquida, a condutância estomática e a transpiração. A colheita foi realizada semanalmente sendo retirados os frutos de coloração avermelhada totalmente maduros e sem danos físicos. Estes foram pesados e a partir dessas informações foram analisados a massa média dos frutos e o número médio de frutos por planta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de médias. A análise de trocas gasosas foliares obtidas nos tratamentos não apresentaram diferença estatística ao longo do período experimental. Além disso, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para a massa e quantidade de fruto.

Adaptation of cayenne pepper farmers (Capsicum frutescens L.) on climate change in Jelbuk Subdistrict Jember

Climate change becomes more difficult to predict. Thus, makes farmers no longer able to accurately predict planting season. The impacts are decreasing productivity and production of cayenne pepper which can cause farmers to suffer losses. Efforts to minimize these losses are carried out with appropriate adaptation actions according to the conditions of the cultivated land. This study aims to determine the adaptation made by cayenne pepper farmers in Jelbuk Subdistrict, Jember District because of climate change. The used analysed method is qualitative through structured interviews, observation, and documentation. The used sampling method is purposive. The results showed that in the last 10 years, cayenne pepper farmers have experienced climate change. These changes such as seasonal shifts, extreme rains, droughts, and changes in air temperature which have an impact on increasing attacks of plant-disturbing organisms. The adaptations carried out by cayenne pepper farmers are adjusting the planting season, adjusting plant types (using tolerant varieties and crop rotation), using mulch and adding organic fertilizer, adjusting the shape of the beds/mounds, adjusting spacing settings, improving irrigation channels (adjusting the depth of the canal), applying water-saving technology, applying integrated pest and disease management techniques, implementing an intercropping system, accessing information technology, and actively participating in agricultural extention and field schools.

Toxicity evaluation and chemical composition of Capsicum frutescens for natural control of Asian blue tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Background Indiscriminate use of synthetic acaricides in the management of veterinary parasites has led to environmental pollution, acaricidal resistance and their residues in the animal products. These problems are directly demanded an alternative acaricidal source for the ticks control and that should be cost-effective, eco-friendly and target specific. The current study demonstrated the acaricidal effects of Capsicum frutescens (fruits) against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In adult immersion test, the effects of the treatment on engorged females were assessed by measuring egg mass production, estimated reproductive factor, and % inhibition of reproduction. Results Methanol extract was observed the most effective against adults with LC50 617.54 ppm and LC90 1040.41 ppm. The other target extracts (petroleum ether and hexane) were less effective to the engorged females of R. microplus. Chemical analysis of the potent extract was elucidated by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis and Cis-13-octadecenoic acid was observed as main compound (43.54%). The simultaneous evaluation of the qualitative chemical screening of the methanol extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Conclusion The study concludes that the methanol extract of C. frutescens fruits revealed the significant acaricidal properties and may be used as safe alternative for tick management.

Bacillus sp. Effectivity test as a growth supressor agent from antrachnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. on cayenne pepper plant (Capsicum frutescens L.)

cayenne pepper plant (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the popular vegetables comodity in Indonesia. cayenne pepper plant used as main ingridients for kitchen’s need, sauce industry, chili powder, instant noodle, and pharmaceutical industry. The demand for cayenne pepper plant in Indonesia is considerably high, about 4kg/capita/year. Antrachnose diseease caused by Colletotrichum sp is on of the major problem in cayenne pepper plant cultivation. Colletotrichum sp is from Nectrioidaceae family that has plenty of aservulus beneath the cuticule or on the surface, the diameter is up to 10 nm, black colored and many setae. Several bacteria has antagonist feature either around the root, or endophytes with the roots. Bacillus sp has antagonist feature is consider to treat the Antrachnose disease. Bacillus sp is a marine bactreia that can produce antibiotic to fight pathogen. However, from this study there are two different antagonist activites between two isolate due to different chytinolytic activitiy between the two isolate.