Quantification of Blood Cells and Blood Disease Detection Using Image Processing

RBC (Red Blood Cells) and WBC (White Blood Cells) are the main constituents of blood. WBC fight infections by attacking bacteria and viruses, that invade the body, while RBC transports oxygen in the body. Many blood diseases can be detected using RBC and WBC count values. Immunity-related blood diseases like Leukopenia and Leukocytosis can be easily detected using the WBC count value. The manual counting method of blood cells in laboratories takes at least one day to get the blood results, which becomes a major drawback for healthcare sectors to diagnose the disease at the right time. More expensive pathological tests are also a major drawback. Accurate counting of blood cells is essential in the accurate diagnosis of the disease. The proposed system is used to calculate the RBC and WBC Count, Total blood Count, RBC and percentage and the blood disease (Leukocytosis, Leukopenia) from the input blood smear image. This will help laboratories to perform the counting of blood cells with high accuracy and less workload. This is achieved by pre-processing that involves grayscale conversion, image enhancement, noise removal, binary conversion of input image, followed by plane extraction and threshold-based Segmentation. The blood disease (Leukocytosis and Leukopenia) is detected using WBC percentage-based classification methodology. This approach obtained an accuracy of 98.4%, specificity of 88.889%, precision of 99.58%, F - Measure of 99.50%. Morphological operations are implemented using MATLAB software.

Perioperative Management of Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH) Trepanation Decompression with Hemophilia A

<p>Hemophilia is a serious inherited blood disease, transmitted by women, that affects mainly men and lasts for a lifetime. Hemophilia A is the most common form. If any of the factors necessary for blood clotting are absent or insufficient, the clotting mechanism is disturbed, causing insatiable bleeding. The most common cause of death in hemophilia patients is cerebral hemorrhage due to head trauma. In cases of intracranial hemorrhage, surgery should be performed immediately to obtain a better prognosis. A 17-year-old man diagnosed with a 2x4 loss of consciousness due to intracranial subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in the left frontotemporoparietal region and cerebral edema on day 4 accompanied by subfalcine herniation to the right with hemophilia A, planned trepanation decompression for SDH evacuation. The patient received 4000 units of factor VIII injection before surgery. Bleeding during surgery was 1100cc and he received a transfusion of 1940cc blood products until hemodynamically stable. In the postoperative phase, he was admitted to the ICU for 8 days, extubation was performed after the condition improved. In patient with hemophilia, evacuation of bleeding should be performed immediately, but there is a high risk of rebleeding. A recombinant factor VIII substitute should be administered immediately for the treatment of acute bleeding in patients with severe haemophilia A. Anesthetic maintenance should include reducing the risk of hypertension and tachycardia to minimize bleeding.</p>

Diagnostics of banana Blood disease

Blood disease in bananas caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis (Rsce) is a bacterial wilt disease that causes major yield losses of banana in Indonesia and peninsular Malaysia. The disease has significantly increased its geographic distribution in the last decade. Diagnostic methods are an important component of disease management in vegetatively propagated crops such as banana to constrain incursions of plant pathogens. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: i) to design and rigorously validate a novel banana Blood disease (BBD) real-time PCR assay with a high level of specificity and sensitivity of detection. ii) to validate published PCR based diagnostic methods targeting either the intergenic region in the megaplasmid (“121 assay” with primer set 121) or the phage tail protein coding sequence in the bacterial chromosome (“Kubota assay” and “BDB2400 assay” with primer set BDB2400). Assay validation included 339 samples (174 Blood disease bacterium, 51 bacteria associated with banana plants, 51 members of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex and 63 samples from symptomatic and healthy plant material). Validation parameters were analytical specificity (inclusivity and exclusivity), selectivity, limit of detection, accuracy, and ruggedness. The “121 assay” and our newly developed “BBD real-time PCR assay” detected all Rsce strains with no cross specificity during validation. Two different PCR assays using the primer set BDB2400 lacked specificity and selectivity. This study reveals that our novel “BBD real-time PCR assay” and the conventional PCR “121 assay” are reliable methods for Blood disease diagnostics as they comply with all tested validation parameters.

Susceptibility of the banana inflorescence to Blood disease

The bacterium Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis causes Blood disease of banana, a vascular wilt of economic significance in Indonesia and Malaysia. Blood disease has expanded its geographic range in the last 20 years and is an emerging threat to Southeast Asian banana production. Many aspects of the disease cycle and biology are not well understood, including the ability of different parts of the female and male inflorescence of banana to act as infection courts. This study confirms that the banana varieties of Cavendish, and Kepok ‘Kuning’ are susceptible to Blood disease and that an inoculum concentration of 102 CFU.mL-1 of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis is adequate to initiate disease following pseudostem inoculation. Data show that infection occurs through both the male and female parts of a banana inflorescence and the rachis when snapped to remove the male bell. The infection courts are the female flowers, the male bell bract scar, the male bell flower cushion, the snapped rachis, and deflowered fingers. The location of these infection courts concurs with the dye studies demonstrating that dye externally applied to these plants parts enters the plant vascular system. Thus, the hypothesis is supported that infection of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis occurs through open xylem vessels of the male and female parts of the banana inflorescence.

Role Of Compressibility And Slip In Blood Flow Through A Local Constriction

One type of blood disease is a narrowing of a tubular structure, known as constriction or stenosis and high cholesterol is one of the main causes for this. Suitable mathematical models are important to describe this phenomenon, and to study the problem analytically and numerically. An approximate analytical solution and a recently developed particle-based method called multi-particle collision dynamics (MPC) is used to simulate the weakly compressible steady flow through a three-dimensional constricted axisymmetric cylinder. The particle collisions in

Role Of Compressibility And Slip In Blood Flow Through A Local Constriction

One type of blood disease is a narrowing of a tubular structure, known as constriction or stenosis and high cholesterol is one of the main causes for this. Suitable mathematical models are important to describe this phenomenon, and to study the problem analytically and numerically. An approximate analytical solution and a recently developed particle-based method called multi-particle collision dynamics (MPC) is used to simulate the weakly compressible steady flow through a three-dimensional constricted axisymmetric cylinder. The particle collisions in

Geographic expansion of banana Blood disease in Southeast Asia

Blood disease in bananas caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis is a bacterial wilt causing significant crop losses in Indonesia and Malaysia. Disease symptoms include wilting of the plant and red brown vascular staining, internal rot, and discoloration of green banana fruit. There is no known varietal resistance to this disease in the Musa genus, although variation in susceptibility has been observed, with the popular Indonesian cooking banana variety Kepok being highly susceptible. This study established the current geographic distribution of Blood disease in Indonesia and confirmed the pathogenicity of isolates by Koch's Postulates. The long-distance distribution of the disease followed an arbitrary pattern indicative of human-assisted movement of infected banana materials. In contrast, local or short distance spread radiated from a single infection source, indicative of dispersal by insects and possibly contaminated tools, water or soil. The rapid expansion of its geographical range makes Blood disease an emerging threat to banana production in Southeast Asia and beyond.

Folk Medicinal plants Used by Herbal Practitioners in and around Rajshahi Metropolitan City, Bangladesh

Folk medicinal plants used by herbal practitioners in and around Rajshahi metropolitan city, Bangladesh were recorded. The present study include 111 medicinal plants used to cure various diseases such as anemia, asthma, burning sensation, blood disease, bronchitis, cough, chicken pox, constipation, dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, eczema, fever, headache, itches, jaundice, menstrual disease, paralysis, piles, sex problems, skin diseases, snake-bite, toothache, worm, wound etc. The present documentation of medicinal plants from the study area provides recognition to the existing knowledge and helps in conservation of important medicinal plants for the betterment of the society.