scholarly journals Tolerance of Caladium Cultivars Florida Cardinal and Florida Fantasy to Sulfonylurea Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Differential Cultivar

There is a need to identify postemergence (POST) herbicides for weed control in field-grown caladium [Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.]. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of two caladium cultivars Florida Cardinal and Florida Fantasy to POST applications of sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, imazosulfuron, and mesosulfuron. At 8 weeks after treatment (WAT), ‘Florida Cardinal’ and ‘Florida Fantasy’ treated with the highest rate of imazosulfuron (1680 g a.i./ha) had <10% visual injury, leaf number, height, and tuber weight reduction compared with the nontreated control. Both caladium cultivars exhibited greater susceptibility to flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesosulfuron as compared with imazosulfuron. The label-recommended rate of flazasulfuron (52 g a.i./ha), foramsulfuron (29 g a.i./ha), and mesosulfuron (15 g a.i./ha) reduced ‘Florida Cardinal’ height 35%, 27%, and 35%, respectively, and reduced ‘Florida Fantasy’ height 43%, 31%, and 21% compared with the nontreated plants, respectively. Caladium tuber weight exhibited a differential cultivar response to the evaluated SU herbicides, except imazosulfuron. The highest rate of flazasulfuron (420 g·ha−1), foramsulfuron (232 g·ha−1), and mesosulfuron (120 g·ha−1) reduced ‘Florida Cardinal’ tuber weight 50%, 65%, and 58% compared with the nontreated control, respectively, whereas these treatments reduced ‘Florida Fantasy’ tuber weight <25%. The mesosulfuron rate required for 20% tuber weight reduction (T20) in ‘Florida Cardinal’ was 2 g·ha−1, but the T20 value was 28 g·ha−1 for ‘Florida Fantasy’. We concluded that the caladium cultivars Florida Cardinal and Florida Fantasy are highly tolerant to the POST applications of imazosulfuron, whereas these caladium cultivars are more susceptible to flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesosulfuron.

Weed Control and Tolerance of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Caladium

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Tuber Injury ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Hand Weeding

AbstractControl of broadleaf weeds in caladium is difficult due in part to a lack of selective POST herbicides. Cultivation is not an option due to the dense canopy and potential for tuber injury. As a result, growers currently rely on preemergence (PRE) herbicide and hand-weeding. The objective of this research was to evaluate the control of four common broadleaf weeds of field grown caladium with POST applications of halosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, and trifloxysulfuron, and determine the tolerance of caladium cultivars ‘Florida Fantasy’ and ‘Florida cardinal’ to POST applications of halosulfuron. At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), thifensufluron-methyl at 28 g ai ha−1 and trifloxysulfuron at 84 g ai ha−1 provided approximately 90 and 70% common purslane control, respectively, while halosulfuron at 210 g ai ha−1 provided 55% suppression. Trifloxysulfuron controlled ≥90% spotted spurge at 42 g ha−1, whereas the highest rate of halosulfuron and thifensulfuron-methyl only achieved 60% suppression. In field experiments, the evaluated sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides were less efficacious on hairy indigo and sharppod morningglory as control never exceeded 65 and 50%, respectively. In greenhouse experiments, the evaluated halosulfuron rates ranging from 26 to 420 g ha−1 did not significantly reduce caladium tuber weight from the nontreated control. Averaged over halosulfuron rates, ‘Florida Fantasy’ damage was 5 and 6% at 2 and 4 WAT, respectively, while ‘Florida Cardinal’ damage was 11%. We conclude that none of the herbicide treatments effectively controlled all species evaluated. Sequential treatments, higher rates, or tank-mixtures may be necessary to adequately control these species. We also conclude that caladium cultivars ‘Florida Fantasy’ and ‘Florida Cardinal’ have acceptable tolerance to POST applications of halosulfuron. Further research is needed to evaluate caladium tolerance to other SU herbicides.

Herbicides Impregnated Onto Granular Fertilizer Carriers for Broadleaf Weed Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-530
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Spray Applications

The efficacy of sulfonylurea herbicides impregnated on granular fertilizers applied PPI or POST was compared to broadcast spray applications for annual broadleaf weed control in winter wheat. Henbit and bushy wallflower were controlled by chlorsulfuron or triasulfuron impregnated onto diammonium phosphate granular fertilizer applied PPI. Efficacy of these herbicides for annual broadleaf weed control was reduced by applying them POST with granular urea fertilizer carrier instead of with water carrier.

Broadleaf Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) with Sulfonylurea Herbicides

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Soil Activity

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. ‘Hartman’) in the rosette growth stage or early bolting stage tolerated thiameturon {3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid} at 5, 10, and 15 g ai/ha. Safflower also tolerated chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} at 18 g/ha if safflower was taller than 15 cm at time of application. The fresh weight of above-ground biomass of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. #3 HELAN), treated at two plant sizes with thiameturon, was reduced more than 88%. Soil activity of thiameturon also reduced the seedling vigor of common sunflower, but thiameturon in soil was not as lethal to common sunflower as were foliar applications.

Synergistic mutations of two rapeseed AHAS genes confer high resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides for weed control

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
pp. 2811-2824
Author(s):  
Yue Guo ◽  
Li Cheng ◽  
Weihua Long ◽  
Jianqin Gao ◽  
Jiefu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Total Postemergence Weed Control in Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed control in imidazolinone-resistant corn with postemergence applications of imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. Imazethapyr controlled 100% of redroot pigweed, jimsonweed, and eastern black nightshade. Control of fall panicum with imazethapyr was inconsistent, with control ranging from 42 to 85%. Imazethapyr provided less than 55% control of common lambsquarters and 43% of large crabgrass. Imazethapyr plus either atrazine, 2,4-D, or dicamba increased control of common lambsquarters compared to imazethapyr alone. Fall panicum control was > 95% with nicosufluron. CGA-152005 and MON 12000 did not control eastern black nightshade. In 1995, corn yield was greater with the hand-weeded check compared to all herbicide treatments. The greatest return over herbicide cost with imazethapyr was obtained with imazethapyr plus atrazine. Nicosulfuron plus CGA-152005 provided the greatest return over herbicide cost when averaged across years.

Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays L.) with Sulfonylurea Herbicides Tank-mixed with 2,4-D + MCPA

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Sarabi ◽  
Ali Ghanbari ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel ◽  
Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati ◽  
Mehdi Rastgoo
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Light Quality and the Critical Period for Weed Control in Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Green-Tracewicz ◽  
Eric R. Page ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Shade Avoidance

The critical period for weed control (CPWC) is an integral component of integrated weed management strategies. Several studies have defined the CPWC in soybean under varying agronomic conditions, yet none have described the mechanisms involved in crop yield losses caused by weed competition. We hypothesized that under nonresource-limiting conditions, morphological changes resulting from the expression of shade avoidance could be used to define a period of developmental sensitivity to low red-to-far-red ratio (R : FR) that would overlap with the defined CPWC in soybean. Two experiments (a sequential harvest and a weed addition/removal series) were conducted in 2008 and 2009 under controlled environmental conditions to address this hypothesis. Two light-quality treatments were used: (1) high R : FR ratio (i.e., weed-free), and (2) low R : FR ratio (i.e., weedy). The low R : FR ratio treatment induced shade avoidance responses in soybean, which included increases in height, internode length, and the shoot : root ratio, as well as a reduction in biomass accumulation and leaf number. Using the morphological changes in biomass and leaf number observed in the weed addition/removal series, a period of developmental sensitivity to low R : FR was defined between the first trifoliate (V1) and third trifoliate (V3) stages of soybean development. This period was found to be very similar to the CPWC previously defined by field studies of soybean–weed competition.

EVALUATION OF SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN COCKSFOOT (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA)

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (s1) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
F. Bedmar ◽  
M I Leaden ◽  
J. Castaño ◽  
G. Gonzalez ◽  
M. Martoccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides

scholarly journals Different Irrigation Regimes Influence Phytotoxicity of Prometryn to Pigeon Peas [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in Four Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Lii-Chyuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Crop Injury

Four greenhouse experiments were conducted in 1981-82 to determine the effect of different irrigation regimes on the phytotoxicity of prometryn [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] in four soils. The fresh weight of pigeon pea plants treated with prometryn at rates of 2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha was greatly reduced in San Anton soil (Mollisol) as the irrigation regime increased to a maximum. This finding confirms our assumption that excessive irrigation has contributed to the aggravated prometryn injury to pigeon pea plants. However, no significant fresh weight reduction was noted in Corozal (Ultisol), Coto (Oxisol) and Fraternidad (Vertisol) clays under increased irrigation regimes. Precaution should be taken not to overirrigate the soils having a texture similar to that of San Antón. To avoid crop injury precaution should also be taken not to use prometryn for weed control in pigeon peas during the prolonged rainy months of September to November.

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