Cucurbitaceae Germplasm Resistance to Verticillium Wilt and Grafting Compatibility with Watermelon

Grafting is used in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] production as a means to combat soilborne diseases. To support the development of new rootstock cultivars in the United States, we screened cucurbit germplasm accessions for resistance to verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) and for compatibility as watermelon rootstocks. Screening was done using a field naturally infested with V. dahliae [5 and 7.5 colony-forming units (cfu)·g−1 soil in 2017 and 2018, respectively], and plants were inoculated at transplanting (1.5 and 104 cfu of V. dahliae per plant in 2017 and 2018, respectively). In 2017, 56 germplasm accessions from three genera commonly used as rootstocks, Cucurbita, Lagenaria, and Benincasa, were sourced from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System and area under the verticillium wilt (disease) progress curve (AUDPC) values ranged from 16 to 397. The 14 accessions with the lowest AUDPC values and good germination (>40%) were used as rootstocks along with the commercial rootstock cv. Tetsukabuto (control), and all were grafted with watermelon cv. Secretariat as the scion in 2018. Grafted plant survival rate was greatest for ‘Tetsukabuto’ (90%) and the accession PI 381840 (L. siceraria) (89%), and ranged from 22% to 85% for all other accessions. All grafted treatments that produced mature fruit in 2018 tended to flower at the same time as nongrafted ‘Secretariat’, with first male and female flowers occurring in 45 to 50 days and 44 to 51 days after transplanting, respectively. There were no significant differences in AUDPC values due to grafting or when accessions were compared with ‘Tetsukabuto’. Only six accessions produced mature fruit when grafted with ‘Secretariat’, indicating they were compatible for watermelon grafting. Fruit weight and number as well as total soluble solids, pH, lycopene content, rind firmness and thickness, and dry matter content were similar for all accessions and ‘Tetsukabuto’ grafted on ‘Secretariat’. Only fruit flesh firmness differed and was highest for ‘Secretariat’ grafted on ‘PI 491316’ and lowest for ‘Secretariat’ grafted on ‘PI 49174’. The six verticillium wilt-tolerant accessions that were compatible with watermelon could potentially be used as rootstocks or as sources of genetic resistance in rootstock breeding programs.

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Combining ability and heterosis for agronomic traits in chili pepper

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362012000200008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 226-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rosana Rodrigues ◽

Leandro SA Gonçalves ◽

Cintia dos S Bento ◽

Claudia P Sudré ◽

Renata R Robaina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Dry Fruit ◽

Potential Use ◽

Janeiro State

The Capsicum breeding has been developed with emphasis in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and few studies are available in other species, especially C. baccatum, which has potential use not only as disease resistance source but also in obtaining new genotypes suitable for farmers' production. In the present work, the combining ability of ten C. baccatum hybrids, along with their five parentals, were tested considering 12 agronomic traits. The hybrids were produced from a complete diallel without reciprocals and assessed in greenhouse conditions, in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, during the period July to December 2009. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications and the following agronomic traits evaluated: canopy diameter (CD), plant height (PH), days to fructification (DF), number of fruits per plant (NFP), mean fruit weight (FW), dry fruit matter weight (FDM), dry matter content (DM), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), pulp thickness (PT), total soluble solids (TSS) and yield per plant (PP). Significant differences were observed only for general combining ability (GCA) in regard to PH, FW, FDM, DM, PT and TSS, indicating that additive effects were involved on the control of these characters. For CD, DF, NFP, FL, FD and PP, there was significance not only for GCA but also for specific combining ability (SCA) indicating that non-additive and additive effects were important in genetic control of these traits. The hybrids UENF 1629 X UENF 1732, UENF 1616 X UENF 1732 and UENF 1624 X UENF 1639 were considered superior because they have favorable agronomic traits.

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Effect of Different Waxing Materials on the Quality and Shelf Life of Mysore Banana Variety

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2020/v12i130277 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

P. Kumah ◽

P. K. Tandoh ◽

K. S. Konadu

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Value Chain ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Cassava Starch ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Quality And Shelf Life

Banana is a climacteric fruit with a short shelf life. As a result, huge losses are incurred during handling in the value chain. The need to develop means of extending the shelf life and concomitantly maintaining the quality of the fruit after harvest has become very important. This study was conducted to determine the effects of two different edible waxing materials (beeswax and cassava starch) used as coatings on the quality and shelf life of Mysore banana. The study was conducted in the laboratory at the Department of Horticulture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology–Kumasi. The experiment was laid out in a simple completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three (3) times with three treatments (beeswax, cassava starch and a control). Parameters studied were: fruit weight loss, firmness, peel colour, pulp-to-peel ratio, moisture content (MC), dry matter content (DMC), total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, green life and shelf life. The results showed beeswax and cassava starch had no significant effect (P>0.01) on peel colour, fruit firmness, TTA, TSS, DMC, MC and green life. Beeswax, however, kept weight loss minimal, and reduced TSS and the pulp-to-peel ratio of the fruits during storage. We conclude that beeswax was the best treatment in terms of waxing Mysore banana fruits to maintained its quality and ultimately prolonged its shelf life by about four (4) days more than the control.

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Nutritional values of traditional open-pollinated melon (Cucumis melo L.) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thumb]) varieties

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/13/2/715 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cs. Szamosi ◽

H. Némethy-Uzoni ◽

G. Balázs ◽

É. Stefanovits-Bányai

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Melo ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Cucumis Melo L

The aim of our experiments was to investigate the internal quality parameters of some old melon and watermelon landraces or varieties whether they have any desirable characteristics. Measurements were carried out using 8 different types of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and 8 accessions of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thumb]), which were self pollinated under greenhouse conditions. Besides the determination of dry matter content; soluble solids, titratable acidity of the fruit juices, investigation of carbohydrates, total phenol content was measured by spectrophotometer. Total antioxidant capacities were determined spectrophotometrically using the FRAP method. We found some accesions both among melon and watermelon varieties, which could be characterized by outstanding inner content.

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Evaluating Grafted Watermelon for Verticillium Wilt Severity, Yield, and Fruit Quality in Washington State

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1332 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 1332-1337 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jesse Wimer ◽

Debra Inglis ◽

Carol Miles

Keyword(s):

Verticillium Wilt ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Verticillium Dahliae ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Washington State ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Mount Vernon ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Serious Disease

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a serious disease for watermelon growers in Washington State. Grafting represents a possible alternative disease management strategy, but little is known about rootstock resistance to verticillium wilt or the performance of grafted watermelon in the different production regions of the state. In this study, verticillium wilt severity, yield, and fruit quality were evaluated at three contrasting field sites in Washington using verticillium wilt-susceptible ‘Sugar Baby’ (diploid) watermelon grafted onto four commercial rootstock cultivars (Marvel, Rampart, Tetsukabuto, and Titan); nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ was included as the control. Verticillium dahliae soil densities varied at each site (<1.0, 5.7, and 18.0 colony-forming units (cfu)/g soil at Othello, Eltopia, and Mount Vernon, respectively). Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values differed significantly among treatments at Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ had the highest AUDPC value at all three sites, while ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ had the lowest AUDPC value at Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ also had the lowest fruit weight per plant at all sites, but ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ had the highest fruit weight per plant at Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Marketable fruit weight per plant did not differ among treatments at Othello. Yield was negatively correlated with AUDPC values at both Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Fruit number per plant was only significantly impacted at Eltopia, where ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ had more fruit per plant than all other treatments except ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Rampart’. Fruit quality (flesh firmness, total soluble solids, and lycopene content) was unaffected by grafting at either Othello or Eltopia, except for increased flesh firmness for ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Marvel’ and ‘Titan’ as compared with nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ at Eltopia. At season’s end, plants were sampled from all treatments at Eltopia and Mount Vernon and assayed for V. dahliae. Microsclerotia typical of this organism were observed in all samples. Results from this study indicate that verticillium wilt of watermelon can be successfully managed by grafting when the V. dahliae soil density exceeds 5.0 cfu/g in Washington. In addition, grafting does not reduce fruit quality and using certain rootstocks can improve the quality of flesh firmness at certain locations.

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The use of treated wastewater and fertigation in greenhouse pepper crop as affecting growth and fruit quality

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2014.048 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 92-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eleni Dagianta ◽

Dimitrios Goumas ◽

Thrassyvoulos Manios ◽

Nikos Tzortzakis

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

L Value

The performance and suitability of tertiary treated wastewater (TW) and/or fertigation (F) in pepper plants were studied over a 4-month period in greenhouse conditions. Four treatments were used consisting of (1) water, (2) water + F, (3) TW, and (4) TW + F. The F and/or TW application increased plant height and plant biomass compared with the control plants (irrigated with water) while no differences were observed in the number of leaves produced. Plants grown with TW + F were thicker than control plants. The addition of F increased fruit number in both water and TW, which resulted in increased plant yield and fruit marketability for the water application but decreased mean fruit weight for TW application. The application of TW increased fruit total soluble solids but decreased fruit firmness whereas adding F, these changes were normalized. The F and/or TW application reduced fruit total phenolics, fruit acidity, and fruit length but not fruit diameter. No differences were observed in fruit dry matter content, fruit color/lightness (a, b, and L value). Bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli) units on the fruits did not differ among the treatments. The results indicate that wastewater may act as an alternative means of irrigation if following strict safety aspects while the fertigation acted beneficially.

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APPLE TREES YIELDING AND FRUIT QUALITY DEPENDING ON THE CROP LOAD, BRANCH TYPE AND POSITION IN THE CROWN

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.2.18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Iwona Szot ◽

Tomasz Lipa

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Equal Distribution ◽

Control Tree ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Lateral Flower

The study was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on 10–13-year-old apple trees cv. ‘Szampion’ (M.9. rootstock) in experimental orchard of Department of Pomology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. On the trees intensively flowering in 2013, the thinning treatments were performed as follows: thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only a king flower in the remaining flower clusters; thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only one lateral flower in the remaining flower clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only a fruit from king flower in the remaining fruit clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only one fruit from lateral flower in the remaining fruit clusters. Intensively flowering control trees in 2013 and poorly flowering trees in 2013 were left unthinned. The best results in terms of regularity of yielding and high-quality fruits after thinning at pink bud stage to king flower, were obtained. The largest fluctuations in yields were observed with the control tree that flowered poorly in the beginning of the study. It was found that the cultivar ‘Szampion’ is characterized by equal distribution of fruits in lower and middle parts of crown, however in the top of crown, the amount of fruits is significantly lower. Apples with the largest mean fruit weight were from spurs on wood older than two years. However the best flesh firmness, soluble solids and dry matter content was detected in fruits from brindles.

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Impacts of the substrate medium on tomato yield and fruit quality in soilless cultivation

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/642-hortsci ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 83-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. Tzortzakis N ◽

D. Economakis C

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Total Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Soilless Culture ◽

Tomato Yield

The performance and suitability of different substrates for the soilless culture of tomato plants (<I>Lycopersicum esculentum</I> Mill., cv. Belladona) were studied over a 5-month period in a closed soilless culture system employing five different substrates (perlite, pumice or maize and their mixtures with 50% shredded maize stems in an unheated glasshouse). Plants grown in a maize stem-containing medium produced earlier fruits, followed by pumice. Plants grown in pumice and perlite substrates obtained lower total yield; a higher yield was associated with the addition of maize shredded stems. Pumice + 50% maize and 100% maize produced higher total number of fruits per plant. Fruit quality parameters such as mean fruit weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and carotenoids were influenced by the treatment, while EC, pH and dry matter content were not. The results suggest that the addition of maize in perlite and pumice could improve inorganic substrates properties for tomato soilless culture, leading to higher yields and better fruit quality.

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Functional Traits of Olive Varieties and Their Relationship with the Tolerance Level towards Verticillium Wilt

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1079

Author(s):

Martina Cardoni ◽

Jesús Mercado-Blanco ◽

Rafael Villar

Keyword(s):

Functional Traits ◽

Verticillium Wilt ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Root System Architecture ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Tolerance Level ◽

Olive Varieties

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is considered one of the most important diseases affecting this tree crop. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant cultivars. Remarkably, no information is available about olive functional traits and their potential relationship with tolerance to V. dahliae. Twenty-five selected functional traits (for leaf, stem, root and whole plant) were evaluated in six olive varieties differing in their VWO tolerance level to identify possible links between this phenotype and functional traits’ variation. High intervarietal diversity was found among cultivars and several functional traits were related with VWO tolerance. Tolerant varieties showed higher leaf area, dry matter content (leaf, stem and plant) and mass fraction for stems, but lower for leaves. Significant differences were also detected for root functional traits, tolerant cultivars displaying larger fine root diameter and lignin content but smaller specific length and area of thick and fine roots. Correlations were found among functional traits both within varieties and between levels of tolerance/susceptibility to VWO. Associations were observed between biomass allocation, dry matter content and VWO tolerance. The most relevant difference between tolerant and susceptible cultivars was related to root system architecture.

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Hybrid performance and heterosis in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassaDuchesne), regarding acidity, soluble solids and dry matter content in fruits

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/pbr.12350 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 135 (2) ◽

pp. 232-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elżbieta Kaczmarska ◽

Jacek Gawroński ◽

Ewa Jabłońska-Ryś ◽

Marta Zalewska-Korona ◽

Wojciech Radzki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Hybrid Performance

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Irrigation and fertigation frequencies with nitrogen in the watermelon culture

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/brag.2014.027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carlos Newdmar Vieira Fernandes ◽

Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽

Joaquim Raimundo Nascimento Neto ◽

Thales Vinícius de Araújo Viana ◽

Geocleber Gomes de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Diameter

This study evaluates the influence of different irrigation frequencies and different nitrogen fertigation frequencies on the growth performance of the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) culture. Two experiments were conducted at the Paraguay farm in the Cruz municipality, Ceará, Brazil. They was randomized blocks design with six treatments and four replications. The irrigation frequency experiment consisted of the application of different irrigation frequencies. The treatments were: DM - daily irrigation in the morning with 100% daily dosage; DT - daily irrigation in the afternoon, with 100% daily dosage; DMT - twice daily irrigation, with 50% daily dosage in the morning and 50% daily dosage in the afternoon; 2D - irrigation every two days; 3D - irrigation every three days and 4D - irrigation every four days. To the experiment with different nitrogen fertigation frequencies, the treatments used were: 2F - 2 fertigations in a cycle; 4F - 4 fertigations in a cycle; 8F - 8 fertigations in a cycle; 16F - 16 fertigations in a cycle; 32F - 32 fertigations in a cycle and 64F - 64 fertigations in a cycle. We evaluated the marketable yield (PC), fruit weight (M), polar diameter (DP), equatorial diameter (DE), shell thickness (EC) and soluble solids (SS). The irrigation frequency treatments influenced all variables significantly, with twice daily irrigation (DMT, 50% in the morning and the 50% in the afternoon) promoting the highest productivity (69.79 t ha-1). The different frequencies of fertigation also significantly influenced all variables, except for the shell thickness, the highest yield (80.69 t ha-1) being obtained with treatment 64 fertigations in a cycle.

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