scholarly journals Effects of Cold Durations on Chilling Injury in Lagenaria Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551-1557
Author(s):  
Nebahat Sari ◽  
Emily Silverman ◽  
Danny Reiland ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Chilling Damage ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Cucurbitaceae Family ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Slight Damage

Cucurbit plants usually are sensitive to chilling and easily damaged. Although bottle gourds, which are members of the Cucurbitaceae family, are considered as fresh vegetables in some Asian countries, their main use in recent years is to be used as rootstocks in grafted watermelon cultivation. We tested 163 bottle gourd accessions of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) genebank for cold tolerance in the early seedling stage. The experiment was conducted using controlled environment chambers with 3 chilling durations (36, 48, and 60 hours) at 4 °C. Chilling damage was rated 0 to 9 (0 = no damage, 1 to 2 = trace of damage, 3 to 4 = slight damage, 5 to 6 = moderate damage, 7 to 8 = advanced damage, 9 = plant totally dead). We rated damage separately for the cotyledons, true leaf, and growing point. Cold damage was higher at a chilling duration of 60 hours, and decreased at 48 and 36 hours. Most tolerant cultigens were PI 491272, PI 491280, PI 491281, PI 491286, and PI 491326. Most susceptible were PI 381845, PI 381846, PI 534556, PI 636137, and PI 668365.

scholarly journals Estimating a global demand model for soybean traffic through the Panama Canal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ho ◽  
Paul Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis study attempts to fit a global demand model for soybean traffic through the Panama Canal using Ordinary Least Square. Most of the soybean cargo through the interoceanic waterway is loaded on the U.S. Gulf and East Coast ports -mainly destined to East Asia, especially China-, and represented about 34% of total Panama Canal grain traffic between fiscal years 2010–19. To estimate the global demand model for soybean traffic, we are considering explanatory variables such as effective toll rates through the Panama Canal, U.S. Gulf- Asia and U.S. Pacific Northwest- Asia freight rates, Baltic Dry Index, bunker costs, soybean export inspections from the U.S. Gulf and Pacific Northwest, U.S. Gulf soybean basis levels, Brazil’s soybean exports and average U.S. dollar index. As part of the research, we are pursuing the estimation of the toll rate elasticity of vessels transporting soybeans via the Panama Canal. Data come mostly from several U.S. Department of Agriculture sources, Brazil’s Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX) and from Panama Canal transit information. Finally, after estimation of the global demand model for soybean traffic, we will discuss the implications for future soybean traffic through the waterway, evaluating alternative routes and sources for this trade.

scholarly journals History of Bermudagrass Turfgrass Breeding Research in Tifton, GA

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1560-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Baxter ◽  
Brian M. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Agricultural Research Service ◽  
The U.S

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the foundation of the turfgrass industry in most tropical and warm-temperate regions. Development of bermudagrass as a turfgrass began in the early 1900s. Many of the cultivars commercially available today have been cooperatively released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and the University of Georgia at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA.

Identification of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Publicly Available Male Hop Germplasm

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
David H. Gent ◽  
Briana J. Claassen ◽  
Megan C. Twomey ◽  
Sierra N. Wolfenbarger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Western United States ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The U.S

Powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) is one of the most important diseases of hop in the western United States. Strains of the fungus virulent on cultivars possessing the resistance factor termed R6 and the cultivar Cascade have become widespread in the Pacific Northwestern United States, the primary hop producing region in the country, rendering most cultivars grown susceptible to the disease at some level. In an effort to identify potential sources of resistance in extant germplasm, 136 male accessions of hop contained in the U.S. Department of Agriculture collection were screened under controlled conditions. Iterative inoculations with three isolates of P. macularis with varying race identified 23 (16.9%) accessions with apparent resistance to all known races of the pathogen present in the Pacific Northwest. Of the 23 accessions, 12 were resistant when inoculated with three additional isolates obtained from Europe that possess novel virulences. The nature of resistance in these individuals is unclear but does not appear to be based on known R genes. Identification of possible novel sources of resistance to powdery mildew will be useful to hop breeding programs in the western United States and elsewhere.

scholarly journals The Role of the United States and The “Asian Solution” Approach in the Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation (1963-1966)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohani Hj Ab Ghani ◽  
Zulhilmi Paidi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
The U.S

The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation between 1963-1966 was an important event attracting the attention of politicians and scholars alike as the conflict had threatened the long existing relations between the two countries. Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia was due to its refusal to accept the formation of the new federation of Malaysia, founded on 16th September 1963. Sukarno’s confrontational stand on this had broken the long-standing sentiments of regional brotherhood or “saudara serumpun” that had nurtured between the two countries for many years. The conflict also saw the involvement of major powers like the United States (U.S.), Britain, China and Russia in the midst of bipolar power struggle between the communist and the anti-communist as part of the ongoing Cold War. The three years of confrontation witnessed great attempts at peace efforts by U.S. Although U.S. involvement in the conflict was merely as a moderator for both countries it was also fueled by its efforts of containment of communism in the Southeast Asian region. The U.S. viewed that the conflict should be resolved in the context of “Asian solution” as it involved two Asian countries A settlement to the Malaysia-Indonesia confrontation was finally achieved through the Bangkok Agreement, signed in August 1966. This paper discusses the role of U.S. in its attempts at finding an amicable settle to the confrontation in the form of “Asian solution.”  

scholarly journals The Spatial Dimension Of Take-Offs And Sustainability: The Case Of East Asian Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Paul Moon Sub Choi ◽  
Jinhwan Oh ◽  
Changsu Ko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This study examines the relationship between the size of a country and its “take-off” for economic development. We find that most countries which experienced economic upheavals in the past decades are relatively small in terms of area. Specifically, take-offs appear to be quicker for smaller landmasses with larger potential workforce and higher population density, controlled for financial markets maturity, corporate governance, economic openness, and human capital development. We also find that take-offs are not sustainable by nature as most countries in East Asia that which experience take-offs are currently facing slow-downs of their economies. Through this finding, we predict that China may experience a slow-down at around 36% and may reach to the 50-60% of income level of the U.S.  

U.S. Farm and Food Subsidies

Food Fights ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 162-186
Author(s):  
Sarah Ludington
Keyword(s):  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
School Lunches ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Right ◽  
American Agriculture ◽  
Farm Subsidies ◽  
The U.S

From its founding, the U.S. government has promoted agriculture, and since the Great Depression, has directly supported farm incomes and crop prices. Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal programs linked farm subsidies to food assistance for the poor, a politically successful combination then and now. Sarah Ludington describes how the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), through the Farm Bill, became responsible for school lunches, food stamps, and land conservation in addition to billions of dollars in subsidies for commodity crops like corn and cotton. Now a target for both the right wing and left wing of American politics, the Farm Bill continues to embody the tensions at the heart of American agriculture.

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