Effect of Cultivar and Site on Fruit Quality as Demonstrated by the NE-183 Regional Project on Apple Cultivars

Cultivar and planting site are two factors that often receive minimal attention, but can have a significant impact on the quality of apple (Malus ×domestica) produced. A regional project, NE-183 The Multidisciplinary Evaluation of New Apple Cultivars, was initiated in 1995 to systematically evaluate 20 newer apple cultivars on Malling.9 (M.9) rootstock across 19 sites in North America. This paper describes the effect of cultivar and site on fruit quality and sensory attributes at a number of the planting sites for the 1998 through 2000 growing seasons. Fruit quality attributes measured included fruit weight, length: diameter ratio, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), flesh firmness, red overcolor, and russet. Fruit sensory characteristics rated included crispness, sweetness, and juiciness, based on a unipolar intensity scale (where 1 = least and 5 = most), and acidity, flavor, attractiveness, and desirability based on a bipolar hedonic scale (where 1 = dislike and 5 = like extremely). All fruit quality and sensory variables measured were affected by cultivar. The two-way interaction of cultivar and planting site was significant for all response variables except SSC, TA, russet, crispness, and sweetness ratings. The SSC: TA ratio was strongly correlated with sweetness and acidity sensory rating, but was weakly correlated with flavor rating. The results demonstrate that no one cultivar is ideally suited for all planting sites and no planting site is ideal for maximizing the quality of all apple cultivars.

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Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p967-972 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 967-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João M. de S. Miranda ◽

Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante ◽

Inez V. de M. Oliveira ◽

Paulo R. C. Lopes ◽

Joston S. de Assis

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Skin Color ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Fruit Mass

ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.

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FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF ZINC, IRON AND MANGANESE INFLUENCE THE PLANT GROWTH AND FRUIT QUALITY OF PAPAYA CV. RED LADY

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18006/2020.8(5).551.557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 551-557

Author(s):

Gurjot Singh Pelia ◽

◽

A K Baswal ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Heavy Soil

Prevalence of heavy soil is a major problem for fruit cultivation under Punjab conditions consequently leading to deficiency of several micro-nutrients including zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) which adversely affects the growth and productivity. In this view, a study was planned to investigate the effect of foliar applications of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), iron sulphate (FeSO4), and manganese sulphate (MnSO4) on vegetative growth, reproductive growth and fruit quality of papaya cv. Red lady. Plants sprayed with ZnSO4 (0.4 %) exhibited significantly highest plant height, plant girth, number of leaves, petiole length; initiated an earliest flowering and fruiting; and improved fruit quality viz., fruit weight, fruit length, titratable acidity, soluble solids concentrations, ascorbic acid content, total phenols content, and total carotenoids content as compared with the control and all other treatments. In conclusion, foliar application ZnSO4 (0.4 %) significantly improved plant growth and fruit quality in papaya cv. Red lady.

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QUALITY EVALUATION OF CANTALOUPES FROM AHPID-INFESTED PLANTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.652b ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 652b-652

Author(s):

P.M. Perkins-Veazie ◽

J.K. Collins ◽

N. Maness ◽

B. Cartwright

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Flesh Quality ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Melon Aphid ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration ◽

Aphid Populations

High populations of melon aphid (aphis gossypii) reduce cantaloupe plant growth and yield; effects on subsequent fruit quality are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fruit quality from plants with high and low aphid populations. Up to 50% of melons from plants having high aphid populations were unmarketable due to surface sooty mold. Melons from plants with high or low aphid populations, but not cultivars, were similar in flesh quality. The internal color of `Perlita' and `Sweet Surprise' was a more yellow hue while that of `TAM Uvalde' was more orange. `Sweet Surprise' melons were lower in percent soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity, but were higher in mg fructose/ml juice compared to the other cultivars. A trained taste panel of 30 people evaluated melons from 2 cultivars showing little damage from melon aphid infestations and from 2 cultivars exhibiting high damage. All melons had similar taste qualities with acceptable sweetness, flavor, odor and texture. These results show that high aphid populations deleteriously affect cosmetic appearance, but not flesh quality, of melons.

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Yield and fruit quality of apple from conventional and organic production systems

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2008000300007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽

Cristiano André Steffens ◽

Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽

Jackson Adriano Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Management System ◽

Production Systems ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Organic Production ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Solids Content

The objective of this study was to assess the yield and fruit quality of apple produced with a conventional and an organic production systems in Southern Brazil. The orchards consisted of alternate rows from 10 to 12-year old 'Royal Gala' and 'Fuji' apple trees on M.7 rootstocks, grown as slender spindles, on 4x6 m spacing. Eighteen apple trees of each cultivar and management system were randomly selected and assessed for nutrition, flowering, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality during two growing seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). The organic management system resulted in lower concentrations of K, Mg, and N in leaves and fruits, and in smaller fruits for both cultivars, and lower fruit yield for 'Fuji' than from the conventional production system. For both cultivars, fruits from the organic orchard harvested at commercial maturity had a more yellowish skin background color, higher percentage of blush in the fruit skin, higher soluble solids content, higher density, higher flesh firmness, and higher severity of russet than fruits from the conventional orchard. Fruit from the organic orchard had lower titratable acidity in 'Royal Gala', and higher incidence of moldy core and lower incidence of watercore in 'Fuji', than fruit from the conventional orchard. A non-trained sensory panel detected no significant differences for fruit attributes of taste, flavor and texture between fruit from the production systems for either cultivar.

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Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarin Grown on the Northern Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.5.979 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 979-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R.C. Ebel ◽

W.A. Dozier ◽

B. Hockema ◽

F.M. Woods ◽

R. Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Northern Coast ◽

Green Color ◽

Satsuma Mandarin

This study was conducted to determine fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin Citrus unshiu, Marc. `Owari' grown on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Soluble solids increased linearly and titratable acidity decreased quadratically during October and November for the four sampling years. There was no significant interaction between sampling date and year. There was a significant year effect for titratable acidity, but not soluble solids or their ratio. A 10:1 soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio was observed on 10 Nov. Variation in fruit weight corresponded with cropload. Fruit weight increased during the sampling period due to an increase in fruit length since there was no change in width. Peel color was yellow-orange by 10 Nov., with many fruit still exhibiting patches of green color. Because of some green color present in the peel, the fruit would have to be degreened for successful marketing in U.S. retail chain stores.

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Chemometric Comparison and Classification of 22 Apple Genotypes Based on Texture Analysis and Physico-Chemical Quality Attributes

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae8010064 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Andruța E. Mureșan ◽

Adriana F. Sestras ◽

Mădălina Militaru ◽

Adriana Păucean ◽

Anda E. Tanislav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Wide Range ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

The Mean ◽

Key Steps

The large number of cultivars belonging to the cultivated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) reflects an extremely wide range of variability, including for fruit quality traits. To evaluate some characteristics of fruit quality, 22 apple genotypes were selected from a collection of germplasms containing more than 600 accessions, based on different considerations, including the use of fruits (dessert, cooking, processing, juice, cider, multipurpose). The mean water content of the studied apple genotypes was 85.05%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.74%; the mean ash content was 2.32% with a CV of 22.1%, and the mean total soluble solids was 16.22% with a CV of 17.78%, indicating a relatively small difference between genotypes for these indices. On the contrary, relatively large differences were registered between genotypes for fruit weight, volume, and titratable acidity with means of 119.52 g, 155 mL, and 0.55% malic acid, and CVs of 35.17%, 34.58%, and 54.3%, respectively. The results showed that peel hardness varied between 3.80 and 13.69 N, the toughness between 0.2 and 1.07 mm, the flesh hardness between 0.97 and 4.76 N, and the hardness work between 6.88 and 27.84 mJ. The current study can emphasize the possibility of choosing the appropriate apple cultivars to cross in the breeding process and how future strategies can help apple breeders select breeding parents, which are essential key steps when breeding new apple cultivars. In addition, multivariate analysis has proven to be a useful tool in assessing the relationships between Malus genetic resources.

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Strategies for breeding a new greenhouse crop, the pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p98-058 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. Prohens ◽

F. Nuez

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Total Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Important Variation ◽

Solanum Muricatum ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Genotypic Correlations

The introduction of pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) as a new greenhouse crop relies on the development of clones that produce high fruit yields with an increased soluble solids concentration (SSC). We have evaluated two breeding strategies aimed at obtaining new, improved clones of this heterozygous vegetatively propagated crop: selection in the segregating generation F1 (hybrids) or in the first generation of selfing (selfings). We recorded the total yield, SSC, fruit weight, shape, firmness, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid concentration in seven populations of hybrids and in five populations of selfings. Four populations of clonal replicates were used to estimate environmental variability. Total yield and its heritability were higher in the hybrids than in the selfings. Expected responses to selection showed that it might be possible to select clones with a yield higher than 80 t ha−1 with selection pressures lower than 5% in some hybrid populations. Heritabilities for SSC were moderate, but clones with a SSC higher than 9.0 °Brix could be selected. We also found an important variation in the other characters studied, indicating that improved clones could be selected for all of them. Values for genotypic correlations between characters were very variable. In most hybrid populations, however, we did not find negative genotypic correlations between yield and fruit quality characters. Our results indicate that new hybrid clones of pepino that exceed present clones in yield and fruit quality might be obtained. Key words: New crops, plant breeding, clonal propagation, hybrids, selfings

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Effects of Short Day Conditioning, Chilling and GA3 Treatments to Yield and Fruit Quality in Strawberry Plug Transplants Aiming Early Fruit Production

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4119018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

Emine ÖZDEMİR ◽

Nurettin KAŞKA ◽

Kazim GÜNDÜZ ◽

Sedat SERÇE

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Total Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Day Length ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Short Day ◽

Growing Seasons

In this study, we tested the effects of short day (SD), chilling (Ch) and gibberalic acid (GA3) treatments on the yield and fruit characteristics of ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’ plug plants under a freeze-protected greenhouse in Mediterranean conditions for two growing seasons in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The treatments included control (ambient day length and temperature); SD (8 h days) and ambient temperature; SD + Chilling (Ch) (18/12°C day/night temperatures); SD + Ch (10°C); SD + Ch (2°C); and, GA3 (10 ppm applied to the plants in November). In each growing season, the plug plants were planted in mid-August using bag culture. Yield, fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA ratio were investigated. Considerable amounts of early yield (March and April) were recovered from ‘Sweet Charlie’; 116 and 72 g/plant in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. ‘Sweet Charlie’ also had consistently higher total yield than ‘Camarosa’ (457 vs. 400 g/plant in the 2006-2007 season and 446 vs. 406 g/plant in the 2007-2008 season). Treatment did not have a consistent effect on the fruit quality traits measured. The results indicated that although SD conditioning, Ch and GA3 treatments may have an effect on the total and early yield of strawberries, these effects may be cultivar-dependent and further regulated by environmental factors. Therefore, we propose that low-chilling varieties be utilized for early fruit production that can initiate flower buds in warmer, longer days.

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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT K+/CA2+ RATIOS ON YIELD, QUALITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER IN SOILLESS STRAWBERRY CULTIVATION

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.2.20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nafiye Adak

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Physiological Disorder ◽

Crown Diameter ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Yield Quality ◽

Nutrient Solutions

The balance of mineral nutrients in plant nutrient solutions has an influence on yield, fruit quality and physiological disorder of strawberries grown in soilless conditions. Nutrient solutions that enhance the yield and quality of plants grown in soilless conditions are optimized through anion-cation equilibrium, optimum K++Ca2+/Mg2+ and K+/Ca2+ ratios. In this study, the effect of three different K+/Ca2+ ratios (5.5/7.0; 5.0/7.0; 6.0/6.0) on some morpho-physiological features (crown diameter, chlorophyll index, leaf temperature), fruit yield, fruit quality (fruit weight, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, firmness) and physiological disorder (tip burn) of ‘Albion’ and ‘Festival’ strawberries, were investigated. Results show that increasing K+/Ca2+ ratios significantly accelerated the tip burn incidence. On the other hand, the highest yield, firmness and the lowest tip burn were achieved at 5.5/7.0 ratio of K+/Ca2+ treatment.

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Evaluation of select cider apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grown in Ontario. II. Juice Attributes

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Derek Plotkowski ◽

John A. Cline

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen ◽

Assimilable Nitrogen ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Twenty-eight apple cultivars were selected for their potential for hard cider production in Ontario and their juice characteristics were measured in 2017 and 2018, beginning two years after planting in 2015. After being harvested and pressed, each juice sample underwent analyses to determine soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), and polyphenolic concentration. SSC ranged from 10.6° Brix in Brown’s Apple to 18.3° Brix in Ashmead’s Kernel. TA ranged from 31 as mg malic acid 100 mL-1 juice in Sweet Alford to 191 as mg malic acid 100 mL-1 juice in Bramley’s Seedling. The pH ranged from 2.88 in Breakwell to 4.76 in Sweet Alford. YAN concentration ranged from 60 mg YAN L-1 juice in Medaille d’Or to 256 mg YAN L-1 juice in Bulmers Norman. Polyphenols in juice ranged from 131 µg gallic acid equivalents mL-1 juice in Tolman Sweet to 1042 µg gallic acid equivalents mL-1 juice in Stoke Red. Firmness ranged from 6.3 kg in Yarlington Mill to 11.7 kg in GoldRush. The relationships between these variables were also analyzed, showing a connection between acidity and juicing efficiency as well as a relationship between polyphenol concentration and fruit weight. Exploratory analyses indicated that juice attributes can be used to distinguish between cultivars and their origins. Cider producers can use these data to determine what to expect in juice from these cultivars.

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