scholarly journals Evaluation of ethylene inhibitors for postharvest treatment of Gypsophila paniculata L.

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie P. Newman ◽  
Linda L. Dodge ◽  
Michael S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Short Pulse ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pulse Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Commercial floral products with claimed anti-ethylene effects were evaluated for their efficacy in promoting postharvest longevity of gypsophila (`Perfecta', `Gilboa', and `Golan' baby's breath, Gypsophila paniculata L.). These products were applied according to label directions and compared to a laboratory preparation of silver thiosulfate (STS) prepared as a short pulse treatment and as an overnight treatment; they were also compared to the new anti-ethylene gas, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). After these pretreatments, the flowers were exposed to ambient air or to 0.7 ppm ethylene gas for 36 hours; other flowers received a simulated shipping treatment. Products containing adequate concentrations of silver consistently extended the display life of gypsophila. Products with low concentrations of silver (<10 ppm) or containing aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) offered no more protection than treatments without anti-ethylene compounds. Overnight treatments with STS were as effective as short pulse treatments. Although 1-MCP pretreatment helped prevent the effects of ethylene on flowers that were open at the time of pretreatment, it provided no protection for buds that opened subsequently. There were no marked differences in ethylene sensitivity among three gypsophila cultivars.

scholarly journals Longevity of Buddleia Not Affected by Silver Thiosulfate Pulse

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 835A-835
Author(s):  
B.K. Behe ◽  
T.S. Krentz
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Postharvest Life

Research shows differences among flowering species in ethylene sensitivity in response to ethylene inhibitors, including silver thiosulfate. Buddleia sp. is an arching shrub with spike-shaped inlforescences in a wide range of colors, including pink, purple, yellow, and white. The objective of this study was to determine optimal pulsing time of silver thiosulfate to maximize the postharvest life of five cultivars of Buddleia sp.: `Empire Blue', `Lochinch', `Nanho Blue', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', and `Sungold'. Flower stems harvested at 1/3 to 2/3 development were transported to a simulated consumer environment. Stems were recut under water and pulsed for 0, 30, 60, and 120 min prior to placing them in a solution of deionized water and Floralife at 10 3 g·liter–1. No silver thiosulfate treatment was more effective than the control at extending vaselife, increasing floret development, or increasing stem fresh weight.

Evaluation of a fluorometric method for measuring low concentrations of ammonia in ambient air

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
William A. Groves ◽  
Divya Agarwal ◽  
M. Jeya Chandra ◽  
Stephen J. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Fluorometric Method ◽  
Low Concentrations

Investigation of the State of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium of a Laser-Produced Aluminum Plasma

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Barthélemy ◽  
Joëlle Margot ◽  
Stéphane Laville ◽  
François Vidal ◽  
Mohamed Chaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
Aluminum Plasma ◽  
Long Pulse ◽  
Xecl Excimer Laser

In this work, the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for a laser-induced plasma in ambient air is examined experimentally using two different laser systems, namely an infrared short-pulse Ti:Sapphire laser and an ultraviolet long-pulse XeCl excimer laser. The LTE assumption is investigated by examining the plasma produced at a laser fluence of 10 J/cm2 from aluminum targets containing iron and magnesium impurities. The excitation temperature is deduced from Boltzmann diagrams built from a large number of spatially integrated neutral iron lines distributed from 3.21 to 6.56 eV. It is shown that at any time after the end of the laser pulse, the neutral excited states are in excellent Boltzmann equilibrium. Detailed investigation of Boltzmann equilibrium further validates previous temperature measurements using less accurate diagrams. However, observations of ion lines provide some evidence that the ionized species do not obey Saha equilibrium, thereby indicating departure from LTE. This could be explained by the fact that the plasma cannot be considered as stationary for these species.

scholarly journals Role of Ethylene in Opening and Senescence of Gladiolus sp. Flowers

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margrethe Serek ◽  
Rodney B. Jones ◽  
Michael S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pulse Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
Carbohydrate Depletion

The opening and senescence of gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) florets was accompanied by climacteric or nonclimacteric patterns of respiration and ethylene production, depending on variety, and whether data were expressed on a fresh-weight or floret basis. A climacteric pattern of ethylene production by the youngest buds on the spike (which never opened) was stimulated by cool storage, and was not affected by holding the spikes in a preservative solution containing sucrose. Ethylene treatment had no effect on senescence of the florets of any of the cultivars tested. Pulse treatment of the spikes with silver thiosulfate (STS) improved floret opening but not the life of individual florets. Sucrose and STS had similar but not synergistic effects on floret opening, suggesting that STS improves flower opening in gladiolus by overcoming the effects of carbohydrate depletion.

scholarly journals Symbiotic Bradyrhizobium japonicum Reduces N2O Surrounding the Soybean Root System via Nitrous Oxide Reductase

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2526-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Sameshima-Saito ◽  
Kaori Chiba ◽  
Junta Hirayama ◽  
Manabu Itakura ◽  
Hisayuki Mitsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Root System ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Reductase ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Soybean Roots

ABSTRACT N2O reductase activity in soybean nodules formed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum was evaluated from N2O uptake and conversion of 15N-N2O into 15N-N2. Free-living cells of USDA110 showed N2O reductase activity, whereas a nosZ mutant did not. Complementation of the nosZ mutant with two cosmids containing the nosRZDFYLX genes of B. japonicum USDA110 restored the N2O reductase activity. When detached soybean nodules formed with USDA110 were fed with 15N-N2O, they rapidly emitted 15N-N2 outside the nodules at a ratio of 98.5% of 15N-N2O uptake, but nodules inoculated with the nosZ mutant did not. Surprisingly, N2O uptake by soybean roots nodulated with USDA110 was observed even in ambient air containing a low concentration of N2O (0.34 ppm). These results indicate that the conversion of N2O to N2 depends exclusively on the respiratory N2O reductase and that soybean roots nodulated with B. japonicum carrying the nos genes are able to remove very low concentrations of N2O.

scholarly journals 1-MCP and STS as ethylene inhibitors for prolonging the vase life of carnation and rose cut flowers

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hassan ◽  
G. Schmidt ◽  
Y. M. Hafez ◽  
M. Pogány ◽  
J. Ankush
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate

The effect of STS and 1-MCP on the postharvest quality of carnation and rose cut flowers was studied. Cut flowers of Dianthus c..aryophyllus L. cv. Asso and Rosa hybritia cv. Baroness were treated with silver thiosulfate (STS) at 0.4 mM with sucrose at 50 g 1-t and 1-methylcyclopropene ( I -MCP) at 0.5 g m-3 for 611. Pretreatment with STS and 1-MCP significantly extended the vase life and minimized the % loss of initial weight of carnation and rose cut flowers comparing to the untreated control. The two chemicals applied inhibited the chlorophyll degradation and carbohydrate loss and hence, significantly improved the postharvest quality of carnation and rose cut flowers comparing to the control. Ethylene production by cut flowers was inhibited as a result of using these chemicals. In general, there were no differences between STS and (-MCP but the later does not have the heavy metal implications of STS treatment, and hence, using 1-MCP pretreatment for extending the vase life of carnation and rose cut flowers was recommended.

scholarly journals Production and Postharvest Treatment of Cut Stems of Eucalyptus L. Hér. Foliage

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle G. Wirthensohn ◽  
Margaret Sedgley ◽  
Renate Ehmer
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Cut Foliage ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Long Pulse

Optimum pruning height for cut foliage production was investigated for 3-year-old trees of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Trees cut at a height of 1.0 m above ground level had most stems resprouting from the trunk, but a pruning height of 0.5 m produced the longest stems. Postharvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Holding solutions containing 1% or 2% sucrose and 8-HQC at 200 mg·L–1 significantly increased vase life of E. globulus and E. cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. over the control, but pulsing E. cinerea in 1%, 5%, or 10% sucrose plus 8-HQC for 2 hours at 24 °C or 24 hours at 3 °C had no effect. In simulated transport trials, pulsing overnight in 1% or 5% sucrose plus 8-HQC at 3 °C followed by 1 week dry storage at 3 °C had no effect on the vase life of cut stems of E. sideroxylon Cunn. ex Wools., E. platypus Hook., E. spathulata Hook., E. cladocalyx F. Muell. E. platypus, or E. spathulata E. sargentii Maiden, but a 5% sucrose pulse plus 8-HQC significantly increased the vase life of E. spathulata E. platypus. A long pulse at low temperature (24 hours/3 °C) followed by 1 week dry storage was more effective than a short pulse at high temperature (2 hours/24 °C) for E. albida Maiden & Blakely stems and no sucrose was more effective than 1% or 5%. Thus, a pruning height of 0.5 or 1.0 m was optimum for cut foliage production of E. globulus, and a 2% sucrose holding solution extended vase life. There was no advantage of sucrose pulsing to extend vase life, or to improve vase life following dry storage, except for the hybrid E. spathulata E. platypus. Chemical name used: 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC).

scholarly journals Physiology of Olive Leaf Abscission Induced by Phosphorus

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Yamada ◽  
George C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Aminooxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Adding Al2O3 to 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) solution did not alter the sensitivity of the leaf abscission zone to external ethylene. Exogenous ethylene at 791 nl·liter-1 for 72 to 120 hours and at 193 nl·liter-1 for 120 hours induced leaf abscission, whereas no leaf abscission occurred at 47 nl·liter-1 for 72 to 120 hours. Ethylene at 791 nl·liter-1 for 72 to 120 hours increased ethylene evolution, but the amount of ethylene evolved from the explants does not seem to be enough to induce leaf abscission. Three different ethylene inhibitors—aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), CoCl2, and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)—were used to determine whether P-induced leaf abscission was mediated through elevated ethylene evolution. Although AOA and CoCl2 failed to inhibit ethylene evolution from the explants stem-fed with NaH2PO4, AVG inhibited ethylene evolution. Each inhibitor, except 5 mm CoCl2, promoted leaf abscission when administered alone or with P. Our results reveal that P-induced olive leaf abscission may occur without elevated ethylene evolution. At 40 or 75 mm NaH2PO4, abscission did not occur until explants were removed from N2 and placed in ambient air.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of the Contamination of Air and of Soil Surfaces in the Vicinity of Pig Barns by Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5666-5671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Schulz ◽  
Anika Friese ◽  
Sylvia Klees ◽  
Bernd A. Tenhagen ◽  
Alexandra Fetsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Low Concentrations

ABSTRACTDuring 1 year, samples were taken on 4 days, one sample in each season, from pigs, the floor, and the air inside pig barns and from the ambient air and soil at different distances outside six commercial livestock-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(LA-MRSA)-positive pig barns in the north and east of Germany. LA-MRSA was isolated from animals, floor, and air samples in the barn, showing a range of airborne LA-MRSA between 6 and 3,619 CFU/m3(median, 151 CFU/m3). Downwind of the barns, LA-MRSA was detected in low concentrations (11 to 14 CFU/m3) at distances of 50 and 150 m; all upwind air samples were negative. In contrast, LA-MRSA was found on soil surfaces at distances of 50, 150, and 300 m downwind from all barns, but no statistical differences could be observed between the proportions of positive soil surface samples at the three different distances. Upwind of the barns, positive soil surface samples were found only sporadically. Significantly more positive LA-MRSA samples were found in summer than in the other seasons both in air and soil samples upwind and downwind of the pig barns.spatyping was used to confirm the identity of LA-MRSA types found inside and outside the barns. The results show that there is regular airborne LA-MRSA transmission and deposition, which are strongly influenced by wind direction and season, of up to at least 300 m around positive pig barns. The described boot sampling method seems suitable to characterize the contamination of the vicinity of LA-MRSA-positive pig barns by the airborne route.

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