scholarly journals Long-term Response of Early Maturing Peach Trees to Postharvest Water Deficits

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Johnson ◽  
D.F. Handley ◽  
T.M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Term Response

Early maturing peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Regina] growing on a deep sandy loam soil were subjected to three levels of postharvest irrigation over 4 years. The control treatment was irrigated with ≈ 10 to 15 cm of water at 2- to 3-week intervals, the medium treatment received a single irrigation (20 to 30 cm) in early August, and the dry treatment was not irrigated between early to mid-June and mid-October. All received a predormancy irrigation of 10 to 15 cm in mid- to late October. Flower and fruit density were greater in the dry treatment than the control. The occurrence of double fruit was also greatly increased in the dry treatment but not in the medium treatment, when compared with the control. After normal commercial hand thinning, yields and fruit size were no different among the three treatments over all 4 years. Vegetative growth as measured by dormant pruning weights, trunk radial growth, and canopy shaded area was reduced in the dry treatment, but there was no indication of progressively declining vigor. Soil moisture determinations indicate that water use by the control occurred mainly in the upper soil profile. In the dry treatment, as the upper profile dried, water was extracted progressively deeper, down to at least 300 cm. The main disadvantage of severe postharvest water stress was the substantial increase of double fruits.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Berm on Growth of Peach Trees during Establishment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 600b-600
Author(s):  
B.D. McCraw ◽  
Becky Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Peach Trees

Long-term success in peach production requires the best possible site, but the ideal site is difficult to find. Risk of crop loss to spring freeze dictates that trees be on high ground. As a result, the best site available may have less than optimum soil. Effects of irrigation on peach tree growth are well documented. Raised beds have been used in other crops to insure adequate water drainage away from roots of crop plants. Results from larger beds or berms in combination with irrigation on peaches have been reported in Ohio, but little information is available for the southeast production region. In this study, berms on a Teller Fine Sandy Loam soil were constructed with a road grader in Oct. 1993. The berms were 55.8 cm high, 61 cm wide at the top, and sloped ≈30° to a base width of 4.3 m. `Flameprince'/Lovell trees were planted in Mar. 1994, 6.1 m between rows and 5.5 m between trees in rows. The experiment was a split-plot design with four replications and three trees per treatment replication. Treatments consisted of no irrigation, 40% or 80% pan evaporation (PE) replacement in combination with berm or flat planting surface. Irrigation was supplied by means of emitters which applied 3.7 L per hour. Two emitters per tree were located in the row 45.7 cm either side of the tree trunk. During the first 4 years there was no significant difference between 40% and 80% PE irrigation treatments. Likewise, no significant interactions occurred. Tree trunk caliper, canopy area, and height were greater in irrigated plots and the same or greater from trees in flat plots in all cases.

Foliar Urea Can Supplement Soil-applied Fertilizer in an Early Maturing Peach

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 549a-549
Author(s):  
R.S. Johnson ◽  
R.C. Rosecrance ◽  
H.L. Andris
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Distribution ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Foliar Urea

Despite early studies that suggested foliar urea was ineffective in supplying nitrogen to peach trees, recent studies have shown rapid uptake of low biuret urea by peach leaves and subsequent mobilization to perennial tree parts. Labeled nitrogen experiments have demonstrated the distribution of N among organs to be very similar whether the N is supplied from foliar urea or from soil-applied fertilizer. However, questions still remain concerning the long-term productivity of trees treated repeatedly with foliar urea. Our first experiment was conducted on an early ripening peach, which generally requires about 100 kg N/ha applied to the soil. The treatment to replace all soil applied N with two or three foliar applications of urea in the fall resulted in similar N distribution throughout the tree and equal vegetative growth. However, fruit size was consistently smaller than the soil-fertilized control over a 3-year period. Our second experiment, conducted on the same variety, imposed a treatment to supplement about half the soil applied fertilizer with fall foliar urea applications. This treatment was able to maintain fruit size and yield over a 2-year period. Furthermore, vegetative growth was reduced compared to the soil-fertilized control, suggesting foliar urea may be a useful tool to help manipulate the distribution of growth between reproductive and vegetative processes.

scholarly journals Orchard Floor Preparation Did Not Affect Early Peach Tree Performance on Aura Sandy Loam Soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Belding ◽  
Bradley A. Majek ◽  
Gail R.W. Lokaj ◽  
Jeffrey Hammerstedt ◽  
Albert O. Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach (Prunus persica) trees were established and grown from 1996 to 1999 at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bridgeton, N.J., to compare performance under four methods of orchard floor preparation: flat no-till, flat cultivated, mound unmulched, and mound mulched orchard floors. The experimental site was flat and the soil was a well-drained Aura gravelly sandy loam (61% sand, 31% silt, 8% clay) with a pH of 6.5, cation exchange capacity 5.7, and organic matter content of 2.0%. Soil moisture holding and gas exchange capacity determine the efficacy of mounding in peach orchards. Under these conditions, the method of orchard floor preparation had no effect on peach tree trunk cross sectional area (TCSA), fruit number per tree, fruit size, and yield. Thus, without irrigation, there was no advantage to the early performance of peach trees associated with orchard floor mounding on Aura gravelly sandy loam when situated on a flat terrain.

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

TOLERANCE OF EARLY-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO METRIBUZIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN ◽  
D. A. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Chamber Studies

McCall, Maple Presto, Maple Amber and OT80-3 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were evaluated under field conditions for their response to metribuzin. Maple Amber was found to be less tolerant than the other cultivars. In controlled environment chamber studies, injury to this cultivar was more severe on a sandy loam soil than on a clay loam soil. Fall applications of metribuzin, alone or tank-mixed with trifluralin, were tolerant to Maple Amber soybeans and such applications may offer a practical alternative to spring treatments for broad spectrum weed control in the less tolerant soybean cultivars grown in Manitoba.Key words: Metribuzin, trifluralin, preplant incorporation, fall treatments, soybean cultivars

Long‐Term Persistence of Picloram in a Sandy Loam Soil

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fryer ◽  
P. D. Smith ◽  
J. W. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits on 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin ◽  
Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ◽  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Daniel Chamorro Darde
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
No Production ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Heading Control ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot heading and of hand thinning in different development stages of flowers and fruits on the fruit production and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was performed during three crop years, under the conditions of the “Depressão Central” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the treatments were: T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). Fruit production and quality were evaluated. Plants with no thinning were more productive, but showed high frequency of fruits with a diameter smaller than 60 mm. Shoot heading reduced production per tree and resulted in small-sized fruit. Thinning time did not affect production, and fruit size was greater when thinning was performed at the bloom stage. 'BRS Kampai' peach trees can be thinned starting at bloom, which provides greater fruit size, with no production loss.

Weed Management in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Grown in Two Row Spacings

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Miller ◽  
Lyle M. Carter ◽  
Charles Carter
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

Tillage plus trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and prometryn [2,4-bis (isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] and tillage plus trifluralin and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] applied as soil-incorporated preplanting treatments were compared with tillage alone in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) grown in 51-cm and 102-cm rows on fine sandy loam soil. Over 3 yr, cotton grown in 51-cm rows yielded 15% more than cotton grown in 102-cm rows. Final cotton emergence was not altered by weed-control treatment or by planting pattern. Weed-control treatments with herbicides provided essentially complete, season-long control of grass and broadleaf weeds. At cotton layby, more weeds were in no-herbicide plots with 51-cm rows compared with 102-cm rows, but at cotton harvest numbers of weeds in both row patterns were essentially equal.

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