scholarly journals Orchard Floor Preparation Did Not Affect Early Peach Tree Performance on Aura Sandy Loam Soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Belding ◽  
Bradley A. Majek ◽  
Gail R.W. Lokaj ◽  
Jeffrey Hammerstedt ◽  
Albert O. Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach (Prunus persica) trees were established and grown from 1996 to 1999 at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bridgeton, N.J., to compare performance under four methods of orchard floor preparation: flat no-till, flat cultivated, mound unmulched, and mound mulched orchard floors. The experimental site was flat and the soil was a well-drained Aura gravelly sandy loam (61% sand, 31% silt, 8% clay) with a pH of 6.5, cation exchange capacity 5.7, and organic matter content of 2.0%. Soil moisture holding and gas exchange capacity determine the efficacy of mounding in peach orchards. Under these conditions, the method of orchard floor preparation had no effect on peach tree trunk cross sectional area (TCSA), fruit number per tree, fruit size, and yield. Thus, without irrigation, there was no advantage to the early performance of peach trees associated with orchard floor mounding on Aura gravelly sandy loam when situated on a flat terrain.

scholarly journals Response of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to Potassium and Sulfur Application at Kafta Humera District, Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Teame Shimgabr ◽  
Lemma Wogi ◽  
Anteneh Argaw
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Total N ◽  
Four Levels

Potassium and sulfur are among the most important nutrients limiting sesame production. EthioSIS soil testing map indicate that nutrients such as K and S are deficient in the study site. Study was carried out to investigate response of sesame to K and S application at Humera Agricultural Research Center, Kafta Humera district, Tigray, Ethiopia in 2016 main cropping season. Treatments consisted four levels of potassium (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha-1 as KCl) and four levels of sulfur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 as CaSO4.2H2O). The experiment was laid out as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement with three replications using Setit-1 sesame variety. Soil sample was taken, result of soil analysis revealed that the soil was clayey textural class, neutral in soil reaction (pH = 7.35), low organic matter content (0.73%), very low total N (0.03 %) and very low available P (0.74 mg kg-1), high  soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (40 cmol(+) kg-1), medium exchangeable K (0.26 cmol(+) kg-1) and low extractable sulfur (4.78 mg kg-1). Maximum sesame grain yields (1371.67 kg ha-1) was obtained from plot treated with 20 kg K2O ha-1 + 40 kg S ha-1 which resulted 145.3% increase over the control  plot`s yield. From plots fertilized with K and S levels at a rate of 20 kg K ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 was obtained higher yield of sesame. It is conclude, therefore, it will be good to promote K and S for further demonstration.

scholarly journals Picloram groundwater contamination from pasture use

1969 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Lii-chyuan Liu ◽  
José A. Dumas ◽  
Carmen L. Cacho
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Heavy Soil

The adsorption of picloram was studied in 28 pasture soils under laboratory conditions. The adsorptive capacities of these soils were expressed in terms of the empirical constants, K and 1/n of the Freundlich equation. The calculated K values ranged from 0.269 to 1.842 for Espinosa sandy loam and Bajura clay, respectively. The 1/n values ranged from 0.27 to 1.68 for Carrizales sandy loam and Mabí clay, respectively. The K values were negatively correlated with sand content of these pasture soils, and positively correlated with organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, clay content and silt content of the soils. In a field study on picloram groundwater contamination from pasture use, picloram at 2.47 L/ha was applied twice to two pasture plots (Mabí ciay loam). Water samples were collected weekly from two wells adjacent to these pasture plots for three months after each herbicide application. All water samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. No detectable level of picloram concentration was found in any of the water samples collected after the first herbicide application. However, a very low level of picloram (2 µg/L) was detected in one of the wells 10 weeks after the second herbicide application. This finding suggests that there is little possibility that picloram will contaminate groundwater in a heavy soil such as Mabí clay loam.

scholarly journals Raised Beds and Microirrigation Influence Peach Production

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Funt ◽  
Mark C. Schmittgen ◽  
Glen O. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Boron Content ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf Boron ◽  
Fruit Mass

The performance of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven/Siberian C.] on raised beds as compared to the conventional flat (unraised) orchard floor surface was evaluated from 1982 to 1991. The raised bed was similar to the flat bed in cation exchange capacity (CEC), Ca, P, K, Mg, B, and Zn soil levels in the 0-15 cm depth. Microirrigation, using two 3.7 L.h-1 emitters per tree vs. no irrigation, was applied to trees planted in a north-south orientation on a silt loam, noncalcareous soil. Raised beds increased trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) and yield-efficiency over 5 years. Irrigation increased fruit mass mostly in years of highest evaporation. Significant year to year variations occurred in yield, fruit mass, TCA and yield efficiency. There were significant bed × year interactions for yield and TCA. Irrigation increased leaf boron content regardless of bed type. Leaf potassium was higher in flat beds. Nonirrigated trees had the lowest tree survival on the flat bed, but the opposite was true on the raised bed.

scholarly journals Long-term Response of Early Maturing Peach Trees to Postharvest Water Deficits

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Johnson ◽  
D.F. Handley ◽  
T.M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Term Response

Early maturing peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Regina] growing on a deep sandy loam soil were subjected to three levels of postharvest irrigation over 4 years. The control treatment was irrigated with ≈ 10 to 15 cm of water at 2- to 3-week intervals, the medium treatment received a single irrigation (20 to 30 cm) in early August, and the dry treatment was not irrigated between early to mid-June and mid-October. All received a predormancy irrigation of 10 to 15 cm in mid- to late October. Flower and fruit density were greater in the dry treatment than the control. The occurrence of double fruit was also greatly increased in the dry treatment but not in the medium treatment, when compared with the control. After normal commercial hand thinning, yields and fruit size were no different among the three treatments over all 4 years. Vegetative growth as measured by dormant pruning weights, trunk radial growth, and canopy shaded area was reduced in the dry treatment, but there was no indication of progressively declining vigor. Soil moisture determinations indicate that water use by the control occurred mainly in the upper soil profile. In the dry treatment, as the upper profile dried, water was extracted progressively deeper, down to at least 300 cm. The main disadvantage of severe postharvest water stress was the substantial increase of double fruits.

scholarly journals Disease Resistance of ‘MP-29’, a Clonal Interspecific Hybrid Rootstock for Peach, in Post-release Trials

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-641
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Beckman ◽  
Philip A. Rollins ◽  
James Pitts ◽  
Dario J. Chavez ◽  
Jose X. Chaparro
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Clemson University ◽  
Usda Agricultural Research ◽  
Peach Trees

The primary focus of the stone fruit rootstock program at Byron, GA, has been the development of disease-resistant rootstocks for peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Historically peach tree short life (PTSL), aka bacterial canker complex, and Armillaria root rot (ARR) have been the two most important causes of premature mortality of commercial peach trees in the southeastern United States. Guardian®, a seedling peach rootstock, was cooperatively released in 1993 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Clemson University. It has since been widely adopted by the southeastern peach industry. As a result, trees losses to PTSL have declined sharply. However, Guardian, like most other peach seedling rootstocks, is susceptible to ARR. ARR has now moved to the forefront as the primary cause of premature peach tree death in the Southeast. In response to this threat, the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the University of Florida, released ‘Sharpe’, a plum hybrid rootstock in 2007. Despite its broad disease resistance, ‘Sharpe’ proved unsuited for widespread commercial utilization due to its relatively poor cropping performance. In 2011, ‘MP-29’, a semidwarf, clonal, plum × peach hybrid, was released for commercial trial. ‘MP-29’s broad disease and nematode resistance, in combination with its dwarfing ability and excellent productivity, offered great promise for use in this production area and in others suffering from similar issues. Since its release, testing of ‘MP-29’ has continued both in researcher and grower trials. To date, performance has exceeded all expectations.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Atrazine and Terbacil by Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460
Author(s):  
L. C. Liu ◽  
H. Cibes-Viadé ◽  
F. K. S. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

The differential in the adsorption capacity of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6- (isopropylamino)-s-triazine (Atrazine) and 3-tert.-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyl- uracil (Terbacil) by 34 Puerto Rican soils was studied in the laboratory using C14-labeled herbicides. The various soils differed greatly in their capacity to adsorb Atrazine and Terbacil. The Caño Tiburones soil was found to be the most adsorptive for both herbicides; the Toa sandy loam and Talante sandy loam the least for Atrazine and Terbacil, respectively. Atrazine was consistently adsorbed to a greater degree than Terbacil. Adsorption of Atrazine was correlated positively with organic matter content, cation exchange capacity and magnesium and silt content but negatively with sand content. Adsorption of Terbacil was positively correlated with organic matter, cation exchange capacity, soil pH, content of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and clay but negatively with sand content of the soil. Representative adsorption isotherms of Atrazine and Terbacil on several important island soils devoted to sugarcane cultivation are also presented in this report.

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

scholarly journals THE CHANGE OF SANDY SOIL PROPERTIES AFTER ADDING CHARCOAL PRODUCED FROM A TRADITIONAL KILN IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIET NAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Binh Phan Khanh Huynh ◽  
Tho Van Nguyen ◽  
Vien My Tran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Viet Nam

This study aimed to use charcoal derived from the bamboo and melaleuca produced by traditional kiln applied to sandy soil growing mustard green (Brassica juncea L.). The charcoals were applied at three ratio (1%,2%, and 3%, which correspond to 10, 20, and 30 g charcoal/kg soil in pots) and the control treatment without charcoal. Soil properties were investigated including bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter content, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous. The results showed that bulk density decreased in charcoal-treated soils. pH and EC were in the suitable range for plants.Nutrients and CEC of the soil in the charcoal treatment were significantly higher compared with the control (CEC increase 6.8% to 16%; TC increase 80% to 115%; TN increase 37.5 to 75%). Green mustard growing on charcoalamended soil had greater height (higher 3% to 21%), bigger leaves, and higher yield (increase18% to 81%) than those of plants groomed in the control treatment. This study showed the potential of using charcoal as supplying nutrient to the poor soil. Moreover, the abundant of raw material and easy to produce, it is suitable for applying in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam, and other countries with similar conditions and infrastructure. 

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTISOLS OF SASAMBA AREA, EAST KALIMANTAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
B.H. Prasetyo ◽  
N. Suharta ◽  
Subagyo H. ◽  
Hikmatullah Hikmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Phosphate Fixation

Ultisols are a major group of marginal soils extensively found in the upland area of Indonesia. To better understand the potential of the Ultisols developed from claystone and sandstone in the Sasamba Integrated Economical Development Area in East Kalimantan, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of 27 Ultisols pedons consisting of 76 topsoil and 118 subsoil samples were investigated. Besides analysis and interpretation of data, relationships of several soil characteristics were constructed using simple regression. The results indicated that Ultisols showed acid to very acid reaction, had low content of organic matter and low base saturation. Soils generally exhibited net negative charge, and the point of zero charge was reached at pH 3.6. Both potential and available phosphates were low, and there was a trend that amorphous aluminum was responsible for phosphate fixation. The low content of exchangeable potassium in topsoil and subsoil indicated a positive correlation with potential potassium. Clay mineral was composed chiefly of kaolinite, with small amounts of illite, vermiculite, and quartz. The domination of kaolinite and low organic matter content causes the soils to have low cation exchange capacity. Soil management in this area should be focused on building up and maintaining soil fertility, and applying appropriate soil conservation techniques to minimize erosion. To obtain sustained productivity, various soil amendments including the use of farm and/or green manure, liming with agricultural lime, and application of rock phosphate and K fertilizers were highly recommended.

CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND ITS AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MATTER AND ADDITIONS OF LIME, P, Cd AND Zn

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Parts

The Cd concentration in 10 plant species grown in a neutral surface soil (0.65 ppm Cd) varied from 0.18 ppm in potato tubers to 0.99 ppm in soybean roots on a dry matter basis. Addition of 5 ppm Cd increased the concentrations in the plants markedly and they were particularly high in lettuce (10.36 ppm) and tobacco leaves (11.57 ppm). Cd concentrations tended to be lower in the edible portion (seed, fruit, tubers) than in other plant parts. Added Cd affected yields in only a few instances. But in another experiment, Cd added at a rate of 5 ppm to five soils decreased the yield of lettuce in most instances. In a comparison of results for two similarly managed sandy loam soils, nearly neutral in reaction but differing in organic matter content (2.17 vs. 15.95% organic C), the concentration of Cd was lower in lettuce grown in the soil with the higher amount of organic matter. The Cd content of the lettuce was reduced by liming some of the acid soils. Addition of Cd increased the concentration of Zn in the plants appreciably, but added Zn did not affect Cd uptake. In an incubation experiment comprising five soils, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd decreased with liming of three Cd-treated acid soil samples. In comparisons of two sandy loam soils and of surface and subsoil layers of a sand, extractable Cd increased with higher amounts of soil organic matter.

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